Offshore Electricity Transmission

Author : Great Britain. National Audit Office
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-22
Category : Electric power transmission
ISBN : 0102977151

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Offshore Electricity Transmission by Great Britain. National Audit Office Pdf

The Government has a target that, by 2020, 15 per cent of the UK's energy will come from renewable sources and forecasts, to 2020, that investment of around GBP8 billion will be needed to connect the offshore sites to the onshore grid. This report examines the new model for using competition to license the transmission of electricity from offshore wind farms to the onshore network. The licensing model has already delivered benefits and has the potential to deliver more. There were good levels of interest in the first four licences, with competition holding down prices in these deals which were for assets worth a total of GBP254 million. In establishing this new market, however, the Authority guaranteed the licensees a 20-year inflation-proof income. This may help to attract interest from long-term investors but it also protects licensees and generators of offshore electricity from reductions in usage of the transmission assets and leaves consumers with long-term inflation risk. In addition, transaction costs have been high and the extent of savings from the new arrangements is not clear cut.Further work is also needed to establish robust benchmarks to ensure the amounts paid for transmission construction costs are not excessive. For the initial four competitions, costs of debt were 2.1 per cent to 2.2 per cent above the relevant rates offered by 15-year UK gilt yields which represents a competitive deal. But the NAO highlights the scope for improving financing costs and notes that there is no provision for claw-back in the event of refinancing gains.

Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0215052285

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Department of Energy and Climate Change by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Committee of Public Accounts Pdf

It is estimated that offshore wind farms have the potential to contribute 8-15% of electricity by 2020. This will require a large investment in offshore infrastructure, including around £8 billion of investment in transmission assets (offshore platforms, cables and onshore substations). An elaborate regime that licences operators of offshore electricity transmission assets following competitions has been introduced. The aim was to develop a competitive market for offshore electricity transmission but the reality is that the first six licences were won by just two companies. Furthermore, the terms of the transmission licences awarded so far appear heavily skewed towards attracting investors rather than securing a good deal for consumers. The transmission operators receive their income from the National Grid which recovers its costs from electricity suppliers and generators. Future payments to licensees are estimated at around £17 billion, and this will ultimately be funded by customers who could well end up paying higher electricity prices. The investors' estimated returns of 10-11% on the initial licences look extremely generous given the limited risks the investors bear. Licensees are guaranteed a fully retail price index-linked income for 20 years regardless of the extent to which assets are used. Yet penalties are limited to 10% of expected income in any one year if the operators fail to provide the transmission facilities when required. Despite the lessons from the PFI market the Government has failed to ensure that gains secured, for example, from debt refinancing are shared

Author : dena,EWEA,ForWind,IEO,NTUA,Senergy,SINTEF
Publisher : EWEA
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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OffshoreGrid by dena,EWEA,ForWind,IEO,NTUA,Senergy,SINTEF Pdf

Summary: The OffshoreGrid project proves the financial benefits of building a meshed European grid offshore and outlines two cost efficient designs. Contents: Offshore grids, connecting North and Baltic Sea wind farms and electricity consumers, can be built substantially cheaper than expected. Building “hub connections” at sea instead of using cables to connect single wind farms individually to the shore will result in lower investment costs of 14 billion Euros. Additionally if these hub connections would be combined with an even more interconnected “meshed grid”, the necessary additional costs of 7 billion Euros would be compensated by 16 to 21 billion Euros of additional benefits over 25 years of grid operation.

Author : Sara Lumbreras,Hamdi Abdi,Andrés Ramos
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030494285

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Transmission Expansion Planning: The Network Challenges of the Energy Transition by Sara Lumbreras,Hamdi Abdi,Andrés Ramos Pdf

This book presents a panoramic look at the transformation of the transmission network in the context of the energy transition. It provides readers with basic definitions as well as details on current challenges and emerging technologies. In-depth chapters cover the integration of renewables, the particularities of planning large-scale systems, efficient reduction and solution methods, the possibilities of HVDC and super grids, distributed generation, smart grids, demand response, and new regulatory schemes. The content is complemented with case studies that highlight the importance of the power transmission network as the backbone of modern energy systems. This book will be a comprehensive reference that will be useful to both academics and practitioners.

Author : Jean-Luc Bessede
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781782420194

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Eco-friendly Innovations in Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks by Jean-Luc Bessede Pdf

Electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) networks carry electricity from generation sites to demand sites. With the increasing penetration of decentralised and renewable energy systems, in particular variable power sources such as wind turbines, and the rise in demand-side technologies, the importance of innovative products has never been greater. Eco-design approaches and standards in this field are aimed at improving the performance as well as the overall sustainability of T&D network equipment. This multidisciplinary reference provides coverage of developments and lessons-learned in the fields of eco-design of innovation from product-specific issues to system approaches, including case studies featuring problem-solving methodologies applicable to electricity transmission and distribution networks. Discusses key environmental issues and methodologies for eco-design, and applies this to development of equipment for electricity transmission and distribution. Provides analysis of using and assessing advanced equipment for wind energy systems. Includes reviews of the energy infrastructure for demand-side management in the US and Scandinavia.

Author : Dirk Van Hertem,Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,Jun Liang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-02-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119115236

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HVDC Grids by Dirk Van Hertem,Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt,Jun Liang Pdf

This book discusses HVDC grids based on multi-terminal voltage-source converters (VSC), which is suitable for the connection of offshore wind farms and a possible solution for a continent wide overlay grid. HVDC Grids: For Offshore and Supergrid of the Future begins by introducing and analyzing the motivations and energy policy drives for developing offshore grids and the European Supergrid. HVDC transmission technology and offshore equipment are described in the second part of the book. The third part of the book discusses how HVDC grids can be developed and integrated in the existing power system. The fourth part of the book focuses on HVDC grid integration, in studies, for different time domains of electric power systems. The book concludes by discussing developments of advanced control methods and control devices for enabling DC grids. Presents the technology of the future offshore and HVDC grid Explains how offshore and HVDC grids can be integrated in the existing power system Provides the required models to analyse the different time domains of power system studies: from steady-state to electromagnetic transients This book is intended for power system engineers and academics with an interest in HVDC or power systems, and policy makers. The book also provides a solid background for researchers working with VSC-HVDC technologies, power electronic devices, offshore wind farm integration, and DC grid protection.

Author : IEEE Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1538674351

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2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia) by IEEE Staff Pdf

This proposed conference and exposition combines three concurrent events together into one large conference and exposition scheme They are IEEE PES Power Generation Conference and Exposition Asia 2019 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition Asia 2019 IEEE PES Renewable Energy Conference and Exposition Asia 2019 The proposed conference and exposition covers 3 showcases power generation, transmission & distribution and renewable energy This large event will present and exhibit the latest technologies, innovative products and up to date solutions from exhibitors, researchers and practitioners which will drive the industry to build the next generation of electricity supply industry The events will also include super session, panel session, forum session and poster session, combining research and industry experiences into one outstanding event

Author : Genia Kostka,Jobst Fiedler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319292335

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Large Infrastructure Projects in Germany by Genia Kostka,Jobst Fiedler Pdf

This book presents an analysis of why some large infrastructure projects are delayed or compromised and offers important insights into the better delivery of future projects. It provides an important reaction to the ambitious €315 billion investment plan devised by the European Commission, wherein Europe's infrastructure is a key investment target. Germany is adopted as a focus, as Europe's largest economy, and a nation that has seen significant delays and tensions in the delivery of key infrastructure projects. The contributions to this volume demonstrate various patterns for infrastructure assets and illustrate how factors such as poor project governance, early planning mistakes, inappropriate risk management and unforeseen technological challenges influence delivery. The in-depth case studies on the Berlin Brandenburg Airport, the Hamburg Elbphilharmonie, and offshore wind parks show how project delivery can face massive problems, and illuminating solutions are offered to these problems. Overall, the case of Germany also offers the opportunity to assess various new forms of project delivery, such as public-private partnerships (PPP), and the risks and opportunities of ambitious first-mover 'pioneer' projects. The book will be of great interest for scholars and upper-level students of human geography, business and management, as well as policy makers.

Author : Olimpo Anaya-Lara,David Campos-Gaona,Edgar Moreno-Goytia,Grain Adam
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118539620

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Offshore Wind Energy Generation by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,David Campos-Gaona,Edgar Moreno-Goytia,Grain Adam Pdf

The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.

Author : Olimpo Anaya-Lara,John Olav Tande,Kjetil Uhlen,Karl Merz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119097792

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Offshore Wind Energy Technology by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,John Olav Tande,Kjetil Uhlen,Karl Merz Pdf

A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.

Author : Russell Gold
Publisher : Simon & Schuster
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781501163593

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Superpower by Russell Gold Pdf

Meet Michael Skelly, the man boldly harnessing wind energy that could power America’s future and break its fossil fuel dependence in this “essential, compelling look into the future of the nation’s power grid” (Bryan Burrough, author of The Big Rich). The United States is in the midst of an energy transition. We have fallen out of love with dirty fossil fuels and want to embrace renewable energy sources like wind and solar. A transition from a North American power grid that is powered mostly by fossil fuels to one that is predominantly clean is feasible, but it would require a massive building spree—wind turbines, solar panels, wires, and billions of dollars would be needed. Enter Michael Skelly, an infrastructure builder who began working on wind energy in 2000 when many considered the industry a joke. Eight years later, Skelly helped build the second largest wind power company in the United States—and sold it for $2 billion. Wind energy was no longer funny—it was well on its way to powering more than 6% of electricity in the United States. Award-winning journalist, Russel Gold tells Skelly’s story, which in many ways is the story of our nation’s evolving relationship with renewable energy. Gold illustrates how Skelly’s company, Clean Line Energy, conceived the idea for a new power grid that would allow sunlight where abundant to light up homes in the cloudy states thousands of miles away, and take wind from the Great Plains to keep air conditioners running in Atlanta. Thrilling, provocative, and important, Superpower is a fascinating look at America’s future.

Author : Jakob Bærholm Glasdam
Publisher : Springer
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319264769

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Harmonics in Offshore Wind Power Plants by Jakob Bærholm Glasdam Pdf

This book reports on cutting-edge findings regarding harmonic stability assessment for offshore wind power plants (OWPPs). It presents a timely investigation of the harmonic stability interaction between OWPPs on the one hand, and associated control systems in the wind turbines and other power electronic devices in the transmission system on the other. The book particularly focuses on voltage-sourced converter high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) and static compensator (STATCOM) systems. From a practical perspective, the book reports on appropriate models for power electronic devices. It describes how the frequency domain evaluation approach can be assessed by comparing results obtained with the Nyquist stability criterion against the more detailed electromagnetic transient based model realized in the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation program. The book also provides a concise yet complete overview of large OWPPs that incorporate power electronic devices on a broad scale, and highlights selected challenges and opportunities in the context of real-world applications.

Author : Zhang
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2025-08-21
Category : History
ISBN : 139429591X

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Low Frequency Power Transmission for Offshore Wind Power Integration by Zhang Pdf

Author : Martha M. Roggenkamp,Kars J. de Graaf,Ruven C. Fleming
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 865 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781788119689

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Energy Law, Climate Change and the Environment by Martha M. Roggenkamp,Kars J. de Graaf,Ruven C. Fleming Pdf

This comprehensive volume of the Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law provides an overview of the major elements of energy law from a global perspective. Based on an in-depth analysis of the energy chain, it offers insight into the impacts of climate change and environmental issues on energy law and the energy sector. This timely reference work highlights the need for modern energy law to consider environmental impacts and promote the use of clean energy sources, whilst also safeguarding a reliable and affordable energy supply.

Author : Great Britain: H.M. Treasury
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0101858620

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Treasury Minutes on the Twentieth, the Twenty Third and the Twenty Fifth Reports from the Committee of Public Accounts: Session 2012-13 by Great Britain: H.M. Treasury Pdf

Dated March 2013. The reports published as HC 621 (ISBN 9780215052285), HC 744 (ISBN 9780215053343), HC 747 (ISBN 9780215053275)