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Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling by Mark J Kaiser,Brian Snyder Pdf
Offshore wind energy is one of the most promising and fastest growing alternative energy sources in the world. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a methodological framework to assess installation and decommissioning costs, and using examples from the European experience, provides a broad review of existing processes and systems used in the offshore wind industry. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a step-by-step guide to modeling costs over four sections. These sections cover: ·Background and introductory material, ·Installation processes and vessel requirements, ·Installation cost estimation, and ·Decommissioning methods and cost estimation. This self-contained and detailed treatment of the key principles in offshore wind development is supported throughout by visual aids and data tables. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling is a key resource for anyone interested in the offshore wind industry, particularly those interested in the technical and economic aspects of installation and decommissioning. The book provides a reliable point of reference for industry practitioners and policy makers developing generalizable installation or decommissioning cost estimates.
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Wind Farms and Hybrid Systems by Karam Maalawi Pdf
The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a major governmental goal worldwide. The main target, hopefully by 2050, is to move away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector and then switch to clean power to fuel transportation, buildings and industry. This book discusses important issues in the expanding field of wind farm modeling and simulation as well as the optimization of hybrid and micro-grid systems. Section I deals with modeling and simulation of wind farms for efficient, reliable and cost-effective optimal solutions. Section II tackles the optimization of hybrid wind/PV and renewable energy-based smart micro-grid systems.
Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling by Mark J Kaiser,Brian Snyder Pdf
Offshore wind energy is one of the most promising and fastest growing alternative energy sources in the world. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a methodological framework to assess installation and decommissioning costs, and using examples from the European experience, provides a broad review of existing processes and systems used in the offshore wind industry. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling provides a step-by-step guide to modeling costs over four sections. These sections cover: ·Background and introductory material, ·Installation processes and vessel requirements, ·Installation cost estimation, and ·Decommissioning methods and cost estimation. This self-contained and detailed treatment of the key principles in offshore wind development is supported throughout by visual aids and data tables. Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling is a key resource for anyone interested in the offshore wind industry, particularly those interested in the technical and economic aspects of installation and decommissioning. The book provides a reliable point of reference for industry practitioners and policy makers developing generalizable installation or decommissioning cost estimates.
Cost of Energy Modelling and Reduction Opportunities for Offshore Wind Turbines by James Carroll Pdf
The cost of generating electricity from wind turbines, particularly offshore wind turbines is currently too high. To ensure offshore wind energy is truly competitive with traditional fossil fuel and nuclear energy generation, the true cost of offshore wind energy and ways of reducing that cost must be investigated. A number of wind turbine types, differentiated through their drive train configurations, currently exist. Different wind turbine manufacturers have different drive train configurations and some manufacturers have multiple configurations within their own portfolio of turbines. There is no clear evidence as to which wind turbine drive train type is best suited to offshore sites.One way of determining which turbine drive train type is best suited to an offshore wind farm is by investigating which turbine type offers the lowest cost of energy. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the cost of energy for different offshore wind turbine types and investigates ways in which that cost of energy can be reduced. The highest level research question amongst all of the research questions answered in this work is: "What is the overall cost of energy for different wind turbine types and how can it be reduced?"To answer that research question the author starts off in Chapter 1 by outlining the thesis objective and describing all of the other research questions that must be answered to achieve that objective. The following chapters then provide background and contain novel analyses on the variables that are required to calculate the cost of energy. Chapter two looks at the failure rates of different wind turbine types and includes novel failure rate field analysis of on and offshore wind turbines. Chapter 3 estimates O&M costs and availabilities for 4 different wind turbine types at a number of different hypothetical offshore sites. Chapter 4 estimates the cost of energy of the four different wind turbine types for a number of hypothetical offshore sites. Chapter 5 then investigates ways of reducing the overall cost of energy from offshore wind. Lastly, Chapter 6 concludes the thesis.Results from each chapter are novel and provide some new insight into the variables that contribute towards calculating the cost of energy. The thesis concludes that across all sites examined, the turbine type that offers the lowest cost of energy is the direct drive permanent magnet generator with a fully rated converter. The vessel strategy that offered the lowest cost of energy with this turbine type was the fix on fail strategy across all sites and further cost of energy savings could be made through the use of condition monitoring systems, performance based maintenance contracts or through the reduction in the need for heavy lift vessels through in-built lifting or large component modularity. The results shown in this thesis will be useful for wind farm developers, operators and wind turbine manufacturers. Developers can use the results to assist in the selection of turbine types. Operators can gain an insight into what is driving their O&M costs and manufactures can see which wind turbine drive train type to develop and manufacture to satisfy one of their key customer requirements, a lower cost of energy.
Offshore Wind Energy Technology by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,John Olav Tande,Kjetil Uhlen,Karl Merz Pdf
A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.
Floating Offshore Wind Energy by Joao Cruz,Mairead Atcheson Pdf
This book provides a state-of-the-art review of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). It offers developers a global perspective on floating offshore wind energy conversion technology, documenting the key challenges and practical solutions that this new industry has found to date. Drawing on a wide network of experts, it reviews the conception, early design stages, load & structural analysis and the construction of FOWT. It also presents and discusses data from pioneering projects. Written by experienced professionals from a mix of academia and industry, the content is both practical and visionary. As one of the first titles dedicated to FOWT, it is a must-have for anyone interested in offshore renewable energy conversion technologies.
Floating Offshore Wind Farms by Laura Castro-Santos,Vicente Diaz-Casas Pdf
This book provides an overview of floating offshore wind farms and focuses on the economic aspects of this renewable-energy technology. It presents economic maps demonstrating the main costs, and explores various important aspects of floating offshore wind farms. It examines topics including offshore wind turbines, floating offshore wind platforms, mooring and anchoring, as well as offshore electrical systems. It is a particularly useful resource in light of the fact that most water masses are deep and therefore not suitable for fixed offshore wind farms. A valuable reference work for students and researchers interested in naval and ocean engineering and economics, this book provides a new perspective on floating offshore wind farms, and makes a useful contribution to the existing literature.
Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance by Xi Yu Pdf
A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Economics of Offshore Wind Power by Rahmatallah Poudineh,Craig Brown,Benjamin Foley Pdf
The book provides an overview of the policy frameworks that have been employed to support offshore wind power, and their efficacy in nurturing sustainable cost reductions across the industry.A growing number of countries are increasingly receptive to the prospect of implementing policies to support the deployment of large-scale renewable energy. The promise of carbon-free, utility-scale power generation from offshore wind farms has incentivised and nurtured offshore wind development. However, the high relative costs of deploying offshore wind compared to alternatives have a history of making it political divisive pursuit. At the same time when many countries are just beginning to explore the possibility of developing an offshore wind industry, many other countries are experiencing what can be described as policy fatigue over supporting offshore wind. If cost reductions are not proven sustainable by the early 2020’s, then government support for offshore wind may start to erode and even completely evaporate in several key offshore wind markets – with global repercussions. This book will provide the reader with a clear picture of the current status and future challenges of the offshore wind industry globally, incorporating both a technical analysis of the cost drivers as well as a detailed analysis of policy design and economics of industry.
Modelling Offshore Wind Farm Operation and Maintenance by XI. YU Pdf
A wind turbine is of course far more complicated than just a tower topped with a big fan, especially for the offshore ones. Wind energy as a green energy resource with zero fuel requirements, and thus no processing waste, has been assuming an increasingly important role in energy generation. Offshore wind farms with their steady output and low sensual impact have been gradually accepted by the public and authorities. Once built, the only cost for a wind farm is the operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the failure rate and the operation and maintenance costs, and make offshore wind energy cheaper, is particularly pertinent, and is discussed in great detail here. This book details the various aspects of wind energy, and is accessible to the lay reader without any specialist knowledge. It explores the numerous concepts associated with offshore wind farm operation and maintenance with condition monitoring system, and vividly presents the the basics of wind energy, augmenting this with a large amount of valuable real wind farm case studies.
Collaborative Modeling and Decision-making for Complex Energy Systems by Ali Mostashari Pdf
Offers the fundamentals of involving stakeholders in collaborative modeling of energy systems, including the technical subsystem as well as its economic, social, environmental and political subsystems. By illustrating the capabilities of the SAM-PD framework, this book introduces an actual case study of the Cape Wind Offshore Wind Energy project.
Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power by Qiuwei Wu,Yuanzhang Sun Pdf
An essential reference to the modeling techniques of wind turbine systems for the application of advanced control methods This book covers the modeling of wind power and application of modern control methods to the wind power control—specifically the models of type 3 and type 4 wind turbines. The modeling aspects will help readers to streamline the wind turbine and wind power plant modeling, and reduce the burden of power system simulations to investigate the impact of wind power on power systems. The use of modern control methods will help technology development, especially from the perspective of manufactures. Chapter coverage includes: status of wind power development, grid code requirements for wind power integration; modeling and control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator (WTG); optimal control strategy for load reduction of full scale converter (FSC) WTG; clustering based WTG model linearization; adaptive control of wind turbines for maximum power point tracking (MPPT); distributed model predictive active power control of wind power plants and energy storage systems; model predictive voltage control of wind power plants; control of wind power plant clusters; and fault ride-through capability enhancement of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants. Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power also features tables, illustrations, case studies, and an appendix showing a selection of typical test systems and the code of adaptive and distributed model predictive control. Analyzes the developments in control methods for wind turbines (focusing on type 3 and type 4 wind turbines) Provides an overview of the latest changes in grid code requirements for wind power integration Reviews the operation characteristics of the FSC and DFIG WTG Presents production efficiency improvement of WTG under uncertainties and disturbances with adaptive control Deals with model predictive active and reactive power control of wind power plants Describes enhanced control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power is ideal for PhD students and researchers studying the field, but is also highly beneficial to engineers and transmission system operators (TSOs), wind turbine manufacturers, and consulting companies.
Wind Energy Generation: Modelling and Control by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,Nick Jenkins,Janaka B. Ekanayake,Phill Cartwright,Michael Hughes Pdf
WIND ENERGY GENERATION WIND ENERGY GENERATION MODELLING AND CONTROL With increasing concern over climate change and the security of energy supplies, wind power is emerging as an important source of electrical energy throughout the world. Modern wind turbines use advanced power electronics to provide efficient generator control and to ensure compatible operation with the power system. Wind Energy Generation describes the fundamental principles and modelling of the electrical generator and power electronic systems used in large wind turbines. It also discusses how they interact with the power system and the influence of wind turbines on power system operation and stability. Key features: Includes a comprehensive account of power electronic equipment used in wind turbines and for their grid connection. Describes enabling technologies which facilitate the connection of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms. Provides detailed modelling and control of wind turbine systems. Shows a number of simulations and case studies which explain the dynamic interaction between wind power and conventional generation.
Wind Energy Handbook by Tony Burton,Nick Jenkins,David Sharpe,Ervin Bossanyi Pdf
Named as one of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles of 2012 Every year, Choice subject editors recognise the most significant print and electronic works reviewed in Choice during the previous calendar year. Appearing annually in Choice's January issue, this prestigious list of publications reflects the best in scholarly titles and attracts extraordinary attention from the academic library community. The authoritative reference on wind energy, now fully revised and updated to include offshore wind power A decade on from its first release, the Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition, reflects the advances in technology underpinning the continued expansion of the global wind power sector. Harnessing their collective industrial and academic expertise, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to wind turbine design and wind farm planning for onshore and offshore wind-powered electricity generation. The major change since the first edition is the addition of a new chapter on offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farm development. Opening with a survey of the present state of offshore wind farm development, the chapter goes on to consider resource assessment and array losses. Then wave loading on support structures is examined in depth, including wind and wave load combinations and descriptions of applicable wave theories. After sections covering optimum machine size and offshore turbine reliability, the different types of support structure deployed to date are described in turn, with emphasis on monopiles, including fatigue analysis in the frequency domain. Final sections examine the assessment of environmental impacts and the design of the power collection and transmission cable network. New coverage features: turbulence models updated to reflect the latest design standards, including an introduction to the Mann turbulence model extended treatment of horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamics, now including a survey of wind turbine aerofoils, dynamic stall and computational fluid dynamics developments in turbine design codes techniques for extrapolating extreme loads from simulation results an introduction to the NREL cost model comparison of options for variable speed operation in-depth treatment of individual blade pitch control grid code requirements and the principles governing the connection of large wind farms to transmission networks four pages of full-colour pictures that illustrate blade manufacture, turbine construction and offshore support structure installation Firmly established as an essential reference, Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition will prove a real asset to engineers, turbine designers and wind energy consultants both in industry and research. Advanced engineering students and new entrants to the wind energy sector will also find it an invaluable resource.
