Oil Pollution At Sea

Author : Ronald Bruce Mitchell
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Law
ISBN : 0262133032

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Intentional Oil Pollution at Sea by Ronald Bruce Mitchell Pdf

A detailed case study of how international environmental treaties can be made more effective. Combining theoretical analysis with a rigorous empirical evaluation of changes in the compliance process over time, the book identifies policies that have increased compliance by governments and the oil transportation industry with discharge restrictions, equipment requirements, enforcement, and reporting. How do environmental treaties influence international behavior? Deliberate discharges from oil tankers have traditionally been the biggest source of oil pollution from ships, greater than much-publicized accidental spills. Although an international treaty governs how tankers must dispose of oil, compliance has been a problem. Intentional Oil Pollution at Sea is a detailed case study of how international environmental treaties can be made more effective. Combining theoretical analysis with a rigorous empirical evaluation of changes in the compliance process over time, it identifies policies that have increased compliance by governments and the oil transportation industry with discharge restrictions, equipment requirements, enforcement, and reporting. Ronald Mitchell introduces the debate over environmental treaty compliance, compliance theory, and a history of intentional oil pollution. He then uses a wealth of data to study efforts to change government and industry behavior in reporting on treaty performance, enforcing rules, and complying with equipment and discharge standards. He closes with theoretical conclusions drawn from the empirical analysis regarding the sources of effective treaty compliance as well as prescriptions for policymakers about how to negotiate more effective future environmental agreements. Global Environmental Accords series

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Marine Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309084383

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Oil in the Sea III by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Marine Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects Pdf

Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.

Author : J. Wardley-Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Science
ISBN : UVA:35007004722132

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The Control of Oil Pollution on the Sea and Inland Waters by J. Wardley-Smith Pdf

Author : J.W. Doerffer
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781483287591

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Oil Spill Response in the Marine Environment by J.W. Doerffer Pdf

The rapid economic development of many countries since World War II has resulted in a considerable increase in the marine transport of raw materials, especially of crude oils, and in offshore activities. Inevitably, operational discharges from ships (ballast and bilge water), incidents such as collisions and groundings, and offshore exploration of oil and gas, lead to a significant amount of oil going into the sea. So far, understanding of marine environments, of oil and its behaviour when released onto the water surface, and of the methods and means of response to an oil spill, has been rather limited. This book introduces the reader to these problems and reflects the levels and trends of development in the field. The author has played an active role in combating marine pollution in the international arena since the 1970s and was awarded the International Maritime Prize for 1989 by the International Maritime Organisation.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Dispersing agents
ISBN : UCR:31210024829812

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Coping with an Oiled Sea by Anonim Pdf

Author : Douglas Cormack
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401593014

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Response to Marine Oil Pollution by Douglas Cormack Pdf

Response to Marine Oil Pollution - Review and Assessment is the essential source book, now updated, for all involved in marine oil pollution consequences and response. It covers policy, planning and operations, and provides technical assessment of the true nature of the problem, of the means to maximise the performance of current techniques and equipment, and of the bases for future improvements. This book provides a fundamental understanding of the oil properties and processes which determine the persistence and impacts of oils in the marine environment. It establishes parameters against which to evaluate performance of all current techniques and equipment, and the environmental impacts of their use. It identifies design parameters, and makes proposals for the creation and development of more effective equipment and techniques. The book also shows how a fresh approach to cargo transfer, and the scaling of spillage response provision to oil releases on immediate impact, will be more effective overall, and will ensure that approved waste handling and disposal facilities are not overwhelmed. The recent Sea Empress incident is reviewed to illustrate the points made and conclusions reached, and to emphasise the need for thorough salvage planning for all future incidents.

Author : Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Science
ISBN : UVA:35007004722660

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Accidental Oil Pollution of the Sea by Great Britain. Central Unit on Environmental Pollution Pdf

Author : Andrey G. Kostianoy,Olga Yu Lavrova
Publisher : Springer
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3642384757

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Oil Pollution in the Baltic Sea by Andrey G. Kostianoy,Olga Yu Lavrova Pdf

This thorough review is based on observational satellite, airborne and in-situ data, scientific literature and technical reports, as well as the substantial experience of the authors, who hail from several Baltic Sea countries. They pay special attention to national practices, HELCOM and EMSA CleanSeaNet activities in oil pollution monitoring, and show different applications of the Seatrack Web model for oil spill drift prediction and the identification of illegal polluters, as well as for environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, some of the results on satellite monitoring of the Nord Stream gas pipeline construction in the Gulf of Finland are presented. This volume addresses the needs of specialists working in different fields of marine, environmental, and remote sensing sciences. It is a useful handbook on oil pollution for international and governmental agencies, as well as for policy makers who plan and manage oil and gas projects, the construction of ports and terminals, shipping, fishery, recreation, and tourist activities in the Baltic Sea. It also offers graduate and undergraduate students in marine and environmental sciences a valuable resource and reference work on the subject.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Steering Committee for the Petroleum in the Marine Environment Update
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309034791

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Oil in the Sea by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Steering Committee for the Petroleum in the Marine Environment Update Pdf

This comprehensive volume follows up and expands on an earlier National Academy of Sciences book. It is the result of an intensive multidisciplinary effort to assess the problems relating to petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Specifically, it examines the inputs, analytical methods, fates, and effects of petroleum in the marine environment. The section on effects has been expanded significantly, reflecting the extensive scientific effort put forth in determining the effects of petroleum on marine organisms. Other topics discussed include petroleum contamination in specific geographical areas, the potential hazards of this contamination to human health, the impact of oil-related activities in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and the potential impact of petroleum on fisheries.

Author : D. P. Hoult
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468490190

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Oil on the Sea by D. P. Hoult Pdf

In the last decade, changes in the scale of operations required to find and transport oil have led to a pollution problem of major proportions: oil on the sea. These changes occurred slowly, and the change in magnitude of the possi bilities for . pollution went unrecognized until a series of dramatic accidents recently gave the problem wide-spread public notice. The Torrey Canyon and Santa Barbara episodes are discussed in this volume. The changes in the scale of oil operations stem from an ever increasing demand for energy. In response to this demand, oil drilling from offshore rigs on the continental shelf has been rapidly developed. To inexpensively trans port oil to the consumers of energy, huge supertankers, of ever increasing size, are being constructed. These ships effect economic savings at the expense of being relatively underpowered, and less maneuverable. Having very deep draft, they are constrained to operate on the high seas and the few deep harbors of the world. Every year there is more oil pumped from the sea floor. Every year more oil is trans ported over the sea. Approximately one tenth of one per cent of this oil each year is spilled on the sea. The purpose of the present volume is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the problem of oil on the sea. Before describing in detail the topics presented, it seems well to point out .

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309298896

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Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment Pdf

U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Author : International Maritime Organization
Publisher : IMO Publishing
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 9280141775

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Manual on Oil Pollution by International Maritime Organization Pdf

This book provides a clear and concise overview of the present level of knowledge and expertise in the field of oil spill response. It covers the behaviour and fate of different types of oil when spilled and the effects on marine and coastal resources. Guidance is given on aerial surveillance, the at-sea measure of containment and recovery, and the use of chemical dispersants, and there are new chapters on in situ burning and bioremediation measures. Other chapters cover shoreline cleaning strategies, waste management and disposal. Guidance is provided on training, exercises and equipment maintenance and storage, and information is also given on liability, compensation and cost accounting.

Author : Angela Carpenter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319239019

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Oil Pollution in the North Sea by Angela Carpenter Pdf

This volume offers a review of measures taken at different levels to prevent oil inputs to the North Sea from sources such as shipping and oil installations. A range of data from satellites, remote sensing, aerial surveillance, in-situ monitoring, oil spill sampling and beached bird surveys presents a comprehensive portrait of trends in oil pollution over many years. Topics include Bonn Agreement-based actions to eliminate illegal and accidental pollution from ships, OSPAR monitoring of oil installations, EMSA CleanSeaNet activities, and an internationally approved common standard for oil spills presented by the Bonn-OSINet. A chapter on the role of the IMO in preventing oil pollution from ships provides an international context, while others discuss efforts being made at the national level. A decadal review of the state of the North Sea prepared by OSPAR supports the view that there has been a significant reduction of oil inputs to the sea. This thorough review addresses national and international agencies and government bodies, as well as policymakers and practitioners in the fields of shipping, ports and terminals, oil extraction and marine management. Further, it provides researchers with essential reference material on tools and techniques for monitoring oil pollution and offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and post-graduate students in the field of marine oil pollution.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Oil pollution of water
ISBN : UOM:39015041323927

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Understanding Oil Spills and Oil Spill Response by Anonim Pdf

Author : International Maritime Organization
Publisher : IMO Publishing
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Oil pollution of rivers, harbors, etc
ISBN : 9280142445

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Manual on Oil Pollution by International Maritime Organization Pdf

Provides practical guidance related to the prevention of pollution from ships, and describes procedures for the handling of oil cargoes, bunkering, ship-to-ship transfer operations, transfer operations involving offshore units and operations in ice-covered waters. Provides also an overview of the various prevention practices, as a complement to the more detailed industry standards and Codes of Practice, currently available.