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On Socialists and "the Jewish Question" After Marx by Jack Jacobs Pdf
"This work explores the attitudes and ideologies of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Marxist and social democratic intellectuals toward Zionism, anti-Semitism, Jewish socialist movements, and the nature and future of Jewry."-- publisher description.
On Socialists and "the Jewish Question" After Marx by Jack Lester Jacobs Pdf
This work explores the attitudes and ideologies of late 19th- and early 20th century Marxist and social democratic intellectuals towards Zionism, anti-Semitism, Jewish socialist movements and the nature and future of Jewry. Luxemburg and Eduard Bernstein, Jack Jacobs argues that there was a rainbow of perspectives within the socialist world on the Jewish question. Socialists, Jacobs argues, were neither naturally inclined toward anti=Semitism, nor immune from anti-Semitic sentiments, nor were they united in their attitudes toward assimilation and Jewish nationalism. Jacobs' exhaustive culling of primary and secondary sources from a variety of countries and in a number of languages clearly illustrates that differing family backgrounds and national contexts, as well as changes in the political environment over several decades, are, in large part, responsible for the range of attitudes exhibited by socialists. history of socialist thought, European intellectual history and the Jewish experience.
“On The Jewish Question” (OTJQ) was written by Karl Marx and exposes his anti-Semitism. The complete work is here in its entirety for your analysis. It was an inspiration to Adolf Hitler. OTJQ and other work (e.g. the term “Aryan” used by Marx repeatedly in his “Ethnological Notebooks”) were the same ideas that motivated Hitler to gain power in Germany. Top mind-blowing discoveries of the 21st Century were revealed by Marx and his OTJQ (thanks to the academic critique of Professor Rex Curry). Many revelations came to light years after Marx’s death. Some are enumerated in the following paragraphs. For example, the following facts (with credit to Dr. Curry) will be news to most readers: 1. Marx’s anti-Semitism (and his Christian background) inspired Hitler’s anti-Semitism and Hitler’s use of Christian cross symbolism including the SWASTIKA (the Hakenkreuz or “hooked cross”); Iron Cross; Balkenkreuz; Krückenkreuz; and the common Christian cross. The symbols signified commonality with Marx’s opposition to Judaism, and they promoted Christianity as the “alternative” thereto. The Swastika was also used to represent “S” letter shapes for “SOCIALISM” (Marx’s underlying dogma). 2. NEW SWASTIKA DISCOVERY: Hitler’s symbol is the reason why Hitler renamed his political party from DAP to NSDAP - "National Socialist German Workers Party" - because he needed the word "Socialist" in his party's name so that Hitler could use swastikas as "S"-letter shaped logos for "SOCIALIST" as the party's emblem. The party's name had to fit in Hitler's socialist branding campaign that used the swastika and many other similar alphabetical symbols, including the “NSV" and "SA” and “SS” and “VW” etc. 3. NEW LENIN’S SWASTIKA REVELATION: Vladimir Lenin’s swastika is exposed herein. The impact of Lenin’s swastikas was reinforced at that time with additional swastikas on ruble money (paper currency) under Soviet socialism. The swastika became a symbol of socialism under Lenin. It’s influence upon Adolf Hitler is explained in this book. Lenin’s Christian background was similar to Marx’s. Marx’s anti-Semitism (and his religious upbringing) inspired Lenin’s anti-Semitism and the use of the SWASTIKA as Christian cross symbolism after 1917. The swastika symbol signified commonality with Marx’s opposition to Judaism. Judaism was banned by Soviet socialists. Under Lenin, the Russian Orthodox Church remained powerful (then Stalin became tyrant in 1922). The Swastika was also used to represent “S” letter shapes for “SOCIALISM” (Marx’s underlying dogma). 4. Marx, Hitler and their supporters self-identified as “socialists” by the very word in voluminous speeches and writings. The term "Socialist" appears throughout Mein Kampf as a self-description by Hitler. (Marx also used the term “Communist”). 5. Hitler was heavily influenced by Marx. Many socialists in the USA were also shaped by Marx. Two famous American socialists (the cousins Edward Bellamy and Francis Bellamy) were heavily influenced by Marx. The American socialists returned the favor: Francis Bellamy created the “Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag” that produced Nazi salutes and Nazi behavior. The Bellamy cousins were American national socialists. 6. Hitler never called himself a "Nazi." There was no “Nazi Germany.” There was no “Nazi Party.” 7. Hitler never called himself a “Fascist.” Modern socialists use “Nazi” and “Fascist” to hide how Hitler and his comrades self-identified: SOCIALIST. 9. The term “Nazi” isn’t in "Mein Kampf" nor in "Triumph of the Will." 10. The term “Fascist” never appears in Mein Kampf as a self-description by Hitler. 11. The term “swastika” never appears in the original Mein Kampf. 12. There is no evidence that Hitler ever used the word “swastika.” 13. The symbol that Hitler did use was intended to represent “S”-letter shapes for “socialist.” 14. Hitler altered his own signature to show his “S-shapes for socialism” logo branding.
The first English translation of Karl Marx’s anti-Semitic writings, with critical analysis by the founder of the Philosophical Library. Long available to the readers of Soviet Russia, here are the unexpurgated papers of Karl Marx on the so-called Jewish question, translated into English by philosopher Dagobert D. Runes. While most of Marx’s anti-Semitic diatribes were carefully eliminated by the translators and editors of his books, journalistic writings, and correspondence, their influence was still considerable. Readers unfamiliar with this aspect of Marx’s thought will be startled to discover how well it has served the purposes of the totalitarian regimes of our time. Runes presents this accurate and unflinching translation with the conviction that any student of Marx should be aware of this aspect of his thought. Extensive comments and critical annotations related to the material appear throughout the book.
The Marxists and the Jewish Question by Enzo Traverso Pdf
The relationship of Marxism to the "Jewish Question" is far more complex than many have assumed. Despite the Jewish backgrounds of several Marxists (including Marx himself), many showed a sense of indifference toward a sense of "Jewishness." Yet an increasingly virulent anti-Semitism - affecting sections of the working class and culminating in the Holocaust and in the growing strength of Zionism - became a problem that numerous Marxist thinkers were compelled to consider. In addition to examining the works of Marx, Karl Kautsky, Leon Trotsky, Ber Borokhov, Abram Leon, and figures associated with the Frankfurt School, Traverso also investigates the actual policies in the socialist and communist movements and sensitively explores the unique history of the Jewish workers' movement in various countries.
Analyzes the role of the "Jewish question" in the politics of the German and Austrian Social Democratic parties before 1914. Socialism was not immune to antisemitism, and early socialists were ambivalent regarding the issue of Jewish emancipation. German Social Democracy parted ways with antisemitism only in the 1880s. At the same time, it tended to downplay antisemitism as a transitory phenomenon doomed to disappear. In the 1890s, on the wave of the "völkisch" movement, it even noted a revolutionary, anti-capitalist potential for antisemitism. While opposing antisemitism, the party did not want to appear as philosemitic. In Austria, populist antisemitism (e.g. that of Schönerer and Lueger) was more influential. It was only after Lueger's victory in Vienna that the Social Democrats altered their policy and attacked the Christian Socialists as a reactionary movement; to this end, they also used antisemitic arguments. As in Germany, Austrian Social Democrats tried to remain "neutral" toward antisemitism. In both Germany and Austria, the Social Democrats consistently denied that Jews constitute a nation and opposed all Jewish national movements.
Support Struggle for Public Domain: like and share http: //facebook.com/BookLiberationFront On the Jewish Question is a work by Karl Marx, written in 1843, and first published in Paris in 1844 under the German title Zur Judenfrage in the Deutsch . It was one of Marx's first attempts to deal with categories that would later be called the materialist conception of history. The essay criticizes two studies by fellow Young Hegelian, Bruno Bauer on the attempt by Jews to achieve political emancipation in Prussia. Bauer argued that Jews can achieve political emancipation only if they relinquish their particular religious consciousness, since political emancipation requires a secular state, which he assumes does not leave any "space" for social identities such as religion. According to Bauer, such religious demands are incompatible with the idea of the "Rights of Man." True political emancipation, for Bauer, requires the abolition of religion. A number of historians, scholars and commentators regard On the Jewish Question, and in particular its second section, which addresses Bauer's work "The Capacity of Present-day Jews and Christians to Become Free," as anti-semitic. Marx uses Bauer's essay as an occasion for his own analysis of liberal rights. Marx argues that Bauer is mistaken in his assumption that in a "secular state" religion will no longer play a prominent role in social life, and, as an example refers to the pervasiveness of religion in the United States, which, unlike Prussia, had no state religion. In Marx's analysis, the "secular state" is not opposed to religion, but rather actually presupposes it. The removal of religious or property qualifications for citizens does not mean the abolition of religion or property, but only introduces a way of regarding individuals in abstraction from them. On this note Marx moves beyond the question of religious freedom to his real concern with Bauer's analysis of "political emancipation." Marx concludes that while individuals can be 'spiritually' and 'politically' free in a secular state, they can still be bound to material constraints on freedom by economic inequality, an assumption that would later form the basis of his critiques of capitalism.
In The Jewish Question: History of a Marxist Debate, Enzo Traverso analyses an intellectual controversy that runs over more than a century, between Jewish emancipation and the Holocaust, between Marx and the Frankfurt School, stressing both its achievements and its limits.
The Jewish Question as S Racial, Moral and Cultural Question by Eugen Duhring Pdf
Eugen Duhring (1833-1921) was one of the most significant of the early socialist theoreticians, economists, and positivist philosophers who opposed the hijacking of original socialist thought by what Duhring called "Jewish agitators and intriguers" such as Ferdinand Lassalle and Karl Marx. Duhring's treatise on the Jews was the first major work to identify the Jewish Question not as a religious and cultural problem but, rather, as one based on the inherent and unchangeable character of the Jewish people. One important feature of Duhring's anti-Semitism is his clear distinction between the Jews and other Semites, and his consideration of the former as "the most vicious minting of the entire Semitic race." The Jewish religion, Duhring said, has no truly religious character but, instead, a markedly economic-political one which aims to dominate and exploit non-Jews. Indeed, the Jewish god Jehovah is nothing but an embodiment of the Jewish self-interest and represents the opposite of the Indo-European natural pantheon. Duhring was also firmly against the Marxist doctrine of class-warfare since he considered this to be a subversive strategy that furthered the opposition between the powerful warrior nobilities of the past and powerless social groups - to the advantage of the Jews. As a solution to the Jewish problem Duhring demanded the complete expulsion of Jews from western society. Duhring's radical realist and anti-religious worldview thus served as the philosophical backdrop to the emergence of Hitlerian anti-Semitism and marked a turning point in world history.
The European Left and the Jewish Question, 1848-1992 by Alessandra Tarquini Pdf
This book examines how left-wing political and cultural movements in Western Europe have considered Jews in the last two hundred years. The chapters seek to answer the following question: has there been a specific way in which the Left has considered Jewish minorities? The subject has taken various shapes in the different geographical contexts, influenced by national specificities. In tandem, this volume demonstrates the extent to which left-wing movements share common trends drawn from a collective repertoire of representations and meanings. Highlighting the different aspects of the subject matter, the chapters in this book are divided in three parts, each dedicated to a major theme: the contribution of the theorists of Socialism to the Jewish Question; Antisemitism and its representations in left-wing culture; and the perception of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Taken together, these three themes allow for a multidisciplinary analysis of the relationship between the Left and Jews from the second half of the nineteenth century to recent times.
The Socialist Response to Antisemitism in Imperial Germany by Lars Fischer Pdf
What set antisemites apart from anti-antisemites in Imperial Germany was not so much what they thought about 'the Jews', but what they thought should be done about them. Like most anti-antisemites, German Social Democrats felt that the antisemites had a point but took matters too far. In fact, Socialist anti-antisemitism often did not hinge on the antisemites' anti-Jewish orientation at all. Even when it did, the Socialists' arguments generally did more to consolidate than subvert generally accepted notions regarding 'the Jews'. By focusing on a broader set of perceptions accepted by both antisemites and anti-antisemites and drawing a variety of new sources into the debate, this study offers a startling reinterpretation of seemingly well-rehearsed issues, including the influence of Karl Marx's Zur Judenfrage, and the positions of various leading Social Democrats (Franz Mehring, Eduard Bernstein, August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Karl Kautsky, Rosa Luxemburg) and their peers.
To understand the total problem of Communism, it is necessary that we trace the course of the movement from its beginning to the present. We must understand who and what its originators were, and gain some idea as to the forces which influenced and shaped their philosophy. Unfortunately, any deep down discussion of Communism and Marxism involves the Jewish question. We cannot honestly discuss the subject without revealingand commenting onthe fact that the founders of Russian Communism were Jewish. Neither can we ignore the fact that all but a few of the top leadership of the American Communist partyincluding the recently convicted spiesare of the same race. These are facts of history over which we have no control. But we are faced with the very serious problem of how to reveal these facts without being labeledand treatedas "anti-Semites." The main reason why so little is known concerning the true nature of Communism stems from this problem. Historical writers have been understandably reluctant to hold forth on the subject for fear of marking themselves as "race haters" and "bigots." For this reason, the entire subject has been placed beyond the pale of discussion. One simply does not use the word "Jews" and "Communism" together. The result is, of course, censorship. In this work we have decided to breach the wall of silence at whatever cost, and to treat the subject as fairly and as honestly as we know how. No attempt is made to single out individuals because they happened to be born to a certain race; neither have we exempted anyone from criticism for that reason. It was decided that since Communism and Judaism are so irretrievably bound one to the other, a history of the Jewish people would contribute substantially to an understanding of the present Communist menace.
Essential Papers on Jews and the Left by Ezra Mendelsohn Pdf
Essential Papers on Jews and the Left presents a sweeping portrait of the defining impact of the left on modern Jewish politics and culture in Europe, Palestine/Israel, and the New World. The contributions in the first part, entitled The Jewish Left, discuss specifically Jewish radical organizations such as the Bund and Poale Zion. The second section, Jews in the Left, explores the activities of Jews in general left-wing politics, emphasizing their role in the Russian revolutionary movement.
