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On Sunspots by Galileo Galilei,Christoph Scheiner Pdf
Galileo’s telescopic discoveries, and especially his observation of sunspots, caused great debate in an age when the heavens were thought to be perfect and unchanging. Christoph Scheiner, a Jesuit mathematician, argued that sunspots were planets or moons crossing in front of the Sun. Galileo, on the other hand, countered that the spots were on or near the surface of the Sun itself, and he supported his position with a series of meticulous observations and mathematical demonstrations that eventually convinced even his rival. On Sunspots collects the correspondence that constituted the public debate, including the first English translation of Scheiner’s two tracts as well as Galileo’s three letters, which have previously appeared only in abridged form. In addition, Albert Van Helden and Eileen Reeves have supplemented the correspondence with lengthy introductions, extensive notes, and a bibliography. The result will become the standard work on the subject, essential for students and historians of astronomy, the telescope, and early modern Catholicism.
The cycle of day and night and the cycle of seasons are two familiar natural cycles around which many human activities are organized. But is there a third natural cycle of importance for us humans? On 13 March 1989, six million people in Canada went without electricity for many hours: a large explosion on the sun was discovered as the cause of this blackout. Such explosions occur above sunspots, dark features on the surface of the Sun that have been observed through telescopes since the time of Galileo. The number of sunspots has been found to wax and wane over a period of 11 years. Although this cycle was discovered less than two centuries ago, it is becoming increasingly important for us as human society becomes more dependent on technology. For nearly a century after its discovery, the cause of the sunspot cycle remained completely shrouded in mystery. The 1908 discovery of strong magnetic fields in sunspots made it clear that the 11-year cycle is the magnetic cycle of the sun. It is only during the last few decades that major developments in plasma physics have at last given us the clue to the origins of the cycle and how the large explosions affecting the earth arise. Nature's Third Cycle discusses the fascinating science behind the sunspot cycle, and gives an insider's perspective of this cutting-edge scientific research from one of the leaders of the field.
Sunspots and Their Effects by Harlan True Stetson Pdf
AND Their Effects byHARLAN TRUE STETSON Research Associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Author of B STARS AND THE STAJLS Yorfc WHITTLESEY HOUSE London MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. of and trireless i t tie cii Sciilt field of solar - t erTes trial FOREWARNING THE near approach of another sunspot maximum with the accompanying interest shown by the press and the general public gives the occasion for a book on sunspot s. So much has been said about the possibilities of sunspots affecting the earth and human affairs that a candid discussion of sunspots and their effects is due the general reader who would keep himself informed of trends in science. Sunspots have been blamed for calamities and misfortunes that run the gamut from Florida hurricanes to financial panics. Is there any basis whatever for such assumptions Since we are all more interested in ourselves than we are in things, the book has been written from the human point of view. While statements have been qualified, various possible hypotheses have been dis cussed which bear upon the question of solar dis turbances and affairs on the earth. Perhaps all too long has the reading public been dependent upon the technical material in textbooks on astronomy for a knowledge of sunspots. Such textbooks which must deal only with well-established facts cannot naturally try to discuss speculative questions. This book therefore departs from the usual type of book on science in that it frankly presents questionable material as well as the results of more completely Forewarning established facts from which the reader may draw his own conclusions with respect to inferences not yet fully established as weU as to those which may beregarded as beyond debate. As the book is intended to be distinctly popular, the more speculative material which intrigues the imagination has been presented in the earlier part, leaving the more well-established effects of sunspots upon the earth to the later chapters. The book undoubtedly raises more questions than it answers, and will, it is hoped, suggest attention to some of the less conventional aspects of the question concerning the influence of the sunspots on world events. So many apparently serious articles have been written concerning sunspots and the business cycle that a chapter is devoted to the more plausible hypoth eses that may be worth investigation If the author appears noncommittal in his interpretation of some of the more startling presentations, it is because a scientist cannot by nature be otherwise. On the other hand, I have refrained from condemning interpretations where evidence is still scanty, for thus to condemn appears to me as unscientific as to make positive statements where complete evidence is wanting. If the book falls into the hands of the overcredulous, perhaps a word of warning is necessary to curb hurried conclusions. One can only hope that none of the more speculative statements will be quoted except with qualifications which go therewith. Forewarning In the closing chapter I have endeavored to differ entiate clearly between the several effects well established and scientifically recognised from those which are more speculative and require much further investi gation before definite conclusions can be drawn. Only by such differentiation can the whole subject be clarified with the door still open for future progress. A scientific reader will misstechnical phraseology and numerous references quoting sources which obvi ously are out of place in so popular a presentation. If the reading of the book stimulates a consciousness of mans cosmic surroundings and opens certain ques tions for serious consideration, the answers to which are yet to come, the purpose of the book will in a meas ure be realized. HARLAN TRUE STETSON. CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, September, 1937...
The sun is our local star; the most important object in our lives. But what really powers it? And who are the sun's favourite painters? Simon Barraclough is your guide in this tour-de-force book of poetry. Sunspots condenses fact, fiction, myth, humour and emotion into a luminous meditation on the star that gives us life.
Mediation, monarchy, and Louis XIV's attempts to legitimize his reign In order to assert his divine right, Louis XIV missed no opportunity to identify himself as God’s representative on earth. However, in Sunspots and the Sun King Ellen McClure explores the contradictions inherent in attempting to reconcile the logical and mystical aspects of divine right monarchy. McClure analyzes texts devoted to definitions of sovereignty, presents a meticulous reading of Louis XIV’s memoirs to the crown prince, and offers a novel analysis of diplomats and ambassadors as the mediators who preserved and transmitted the king’s authority. McClure asserts that these discussions, ranging from treatises to theater, expose incommensurable models of authority and representation permeating almost every aspect of seventeenth-century French culture.
Recounts the story behind English astronomer Richard Carrington's observations of a mysterious explosion on the surface of the sun and how his understanding that the sun's magnetism directly influences the Earth helped usher in the modern era of astronomy.
"Solar Science offers more than three dozen hands-on, inquiry-based activities on many fascinating aspects of solar astronomy. The activities cover the Sun's motions, the space weather it causes, the measures of time and seasons in our daily lives, and much more."--
The Sun Recorded Through History by J.M. Vaquero,M. Vázquez Pdf
The Sun is nowadays observed using di?erent techniques that provide an almost instantaneous 3-D map of its structure. Of particular interest is the studyofthevariabilityinthesolaroutputproducedbythedissipationofm- netic energy on di?erent spatial and temporal scales – the so-called magnetic activity. The 11-year cycle is the main feature describing this phenomenon. Apart from its intrinsic scienti?c interest, this topic is worth studying because of the interaction of such processes with the terrestrial environment. A ?eet of space and ground-based observatories are currently monitoring the behaviour of our star on a daily basis. However, solar activity varies not only on this decadal time-scale, as has been attested mainly through two methods: (a) records of the number of sunspots observed on the solar surface from 1610, and (b) the records of 14 10 cosmogenic isotopes, such as Cand Be, measured in tree-rings and i- cores, respectively. The study of the long-term behaviour of solar activity may be comp- mented by the study of historical accounts describing phenomena directly or indirectly related to solar activity. Numerous scienti?c and non-scienti?c d- uments have reported these events and we can make use of them as a proxy of solar activity in past times.
Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo by Galileo Pdf
Directing his polemics against the pedantry of his time, Galileo, as his own popularizer, addressed his writings to contemporary laymen. His support of Copernican cosmology, against the Church's strong opposition, his development of a telescope, and his unorthodox opinions as a philosopher of science were the central concerns of his career and the subjects of four of his most important writings. Drake's introductory essay place them in their biographical and historical context.
Planets, Sunspots and Earthquakes by Frank Glasby Pdf
Planets, Sunspots and Earthquakes presents a working hypothesis of how planets trigger sunspots and earthquakes. Two distinct and separate effects are considered: one is an internal effect whereby the core of the sun and the earth become more active. The other is an external effect whereby the combined effect from external bodies stresses the earth's crust at a point where it enters or leaves the gravitational field of the group of external bodies.The causes of the initial internal processes that are necessary for the final seismic trigger effect to operate are examined and the connection with sunspot cycles is explored. The work is the result of observation and investigation during three eleven-year sunspot cycles, and offers material for further research by specialists and students.
Finocchiaro's new and revised translations have done what the Inquisition could not: they have captured an exceptional range of Galileo's career while also letting him speak--in clear English. No other volume offers more convenient or more reliable access to Galileo's own words, whether on the telescope, the Dialogue, the trial, or the mature theory of motion. --Michael H. Shank, Professor of the History of Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison
The Role of the Sun in Climate Change by Douglas V. Hoyt,Kenneth H. Schatten Pdf
"A successful blend of astronomical and climate studies with modern scientific and statistical analysis, this history of solar observations is followed by a review of how variations in solar brightness have been measured, both from the ground and space." --New Scientist
The Sun, the Earth, and Near-earth Space by John A. Eddy Pdf
" ... Concise explanations and descriptions - easily read and readily understood - of what we know of the chain of events and processes that connect the Sun to the Earth, with special emphasis on space weather and Sun-Climate."--Dear Reader.
I Hear the Sunspot: Limit Volume 1 by Yuki Fumino Pdf
Because of a hearing disability, university student Kohei had made a habit of distancing himself from those around him. But after meeting the exceedingly cheerful Taichi, he gradually begins to embrace a more positive outlook on life. Kohei eventually begins to see Taichi as more than a friend, and after he finally confesses his love to Taichi, the feelings become mutual. In this new addition to the I Hear the Sunspot series, Kohei continues on as a student, while Taichi makes his way out into the working world to pursue his own calling and the two begin a new life together!