On Task

Author : David Badre
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780691234700

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On Task by David Badre Pdf

A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain’s critical role in human behavior.

Author : Craig Lambert,Scott Aubrey,Gavin Bui
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-05-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000874297

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The Role of the Learner in Task-Based Language Teaching by Craig Lambert,Scott Aubrey,Gavin Bui Pdf

This comprehensive, forward-looking text is the first holistic research overview and practical methods guide for researching the role that affective and conative factors play in second language learners’ task performance and language acquisition. It provides a long overdue update on the role of the learner in task-based language teaching (TBLT). The book brings together theoretical background and major constructs, established and innovative methodological and technological tools, cutting-edge findings, and illuminating suggestions for future work. A group of expert scholars from around the world synthesize the state of the art, detail how to design and conduct empirical studies, and authoritatively set the agenda for future work in this critical, emerging area of language learning and instructional design. With a variety of helpful features like suggested research, discussion questions, and recommended further readings, this will be an invaluable resource to advanced students and researchers of second language acquisition, applied linguistics, psychology, education, and related areas.

Author : Ali Shehadeh,Christine A. Coombe
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9789027207234

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Task-Based Language Teaching in Foreign Language Contexts by Ali Shehadeh,Christine A. Coombe Pdf

This volume extends the Task-Based Language Teaching: Issues, Research and Practice books series by deliberately exploring the potential of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in a range of EFL contexts. It is specifically devoted to providing empirical accounts about how TBLT practice is being developed and researched in diverse educational contexts, particularly where English is not the dominant language. By including contributions from settings as varied as Japan, China, Korea, Venezuela, Turkey, Spain, and France, this collection of 13 studies provides strong indications that the research and implementation of TBLT in EFL settings is both on the rise and interestingly diverse, not least because it must respond to the distinct contexts, constraints, and possibilities of foreign language learning. The book will be of interest to SLA researchers and students in applied linguistics and TESOL. It will also be of value to course designers and language teachers who come from a broad range of formal and informal educational settings encompassing a wide range of ages and types of language learners.

Author : James Grange,George Houghton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199921966

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Task Switching and Cognitive Control by James Grange,George Houghton Pdf

One thing that separates human beings from the rest of the animal world is our ability to control behavior by referencing internal plans, goals, and rules. This ability, which is crucial to our success in a complex social environment, depends on the purposeful generation of "task sets"--states of mental readiness that allow each of us to engage with the world in a particular way or achieve a particular aim. This book reports the latest research regarding the activation, maintenance, and suppression of task sets. Chapters from many of the world's leading researchers in task switching and cognitive control investigate key issues in the field, from how we select the most relevant task when presented with distracting alternatives, to how we maintain focus on a task ("eyes on the prize") and switch to a new one when our goals or external circumstances change. Chapters also explore the brain structures responsible for these abilities, how they develop during childhood, and whether they decline due to normal aging or neurological disorders. Of interest especially to scholars and students of cognitive psychology, the volume offers thorough, multi-disciplinary coverage of contemporary research and theories concerning this fundamental yet mysterious aspect of human brain function and behavior.

Author : Tilo Strobach,Mike Wendt,Markus Janczyk
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-03-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889454532

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Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations by Tilo Strobach,Mike Wendt,Markus Janczyk Pdf

Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.

Author : Michael Thomas,Hayo Reinders
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781472572233

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Contemporary Task-Based Language Teaching in Asia by Michael Thomas,Hayo Reinders Pdf

Over the last decade task-based approaches to language learning and teaching (TBLT) have become a global focus of increased levels of research. Governments around the world have turned to TBLT as a potential solution for curricula that lack authentic and meaningful engagement with language learning and are failing to motivate students as a result. This book focuses on Asia, where this shift has been particularly in evidence. TBLT has often been implemented in top-down approaches to curriculum development, which presents a huge range of challenges at the cultural as well as the pedagogic level. Contemporary Task Based Language Teaching in Asia looks at the drivers, stakeholders and obstacles across the region. Some countries have adapted TBLT to deal with the local constraints, others have found it hard to apply and many are still in the process of investigating its implementation in their specific contexts. This collection is important to all involved in language development, from curriculum reform to materials development. It assists from programme evaluation to the setting of assessment standards. The chapters cover all aspects of language education across Asia, from primary to tertiary, private and public education, as well as innovations at local, regional and national levels.

Author : Gerry McGovern
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781916444607

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Top Tasks: A How-to Guide by Gerry McGovern Pdf

Essence of Top Tasks is a prioritized list of what matters most to customers. You then continuously improve these top tasks based on evidence of customers trying to complete them. Developed as a result of 15 years of research and practice. Implemented by some of the world's largest organizations: Cisco, Microsoft, NetApp, IBM, Google, European Union, Toyota, Tetra Pak, and hundreds more. More than 300,000 customers have participated in Top Tasks studies in over 40 countries and 30 languages.

Author : Kevin A. Gluck,John E. Laird
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-09-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262038829

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Interactive Task Learning by Kevin A. Gluck,John E. Laird Pdf

Experts from a range of disciplines explore how humans and artificial agents can quickly learn completely new tasks through natural interactions with each other. Humans are not limited to a fixed set of innate or preprogrammed tasks. We learn quickly through language and other forms of natural interaction, and we improve our performance and teach others what we have learned. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of new tasks through natural interaction is an ongoing challenge. Advances in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and robotics are leading us to future systems with human-like capabilities. A huge gap exists, however, between the highly specialized niche capabilities of current machine learning systems and the generality, flexibility, and in situ robustness of human instruction and learning. Drawing on expertise from multiple disciplines, this Strüngmann Forum Report explores how humans and artificial agents can quickly learn completely new tasks through natural interactions with each other. The contributors consider functional knowledge requirements, the ontology of interactive task learning, and the representation of task knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction. They explore natural forms of interactions among humans as well as the use of interaction to teach robots and software agents new tasks in complex, dynamic environments. They discuss research challenges and opportunities, including ethical considerations, and make proposals to further understanding of interactive task learning and create new capabilities in assistive robotics, healthcare, education, training, and gaming. Contributors Tony Belpaeme, Katrien Beuls, Maya Cakmak, Joyce Y. Chai, Franklin Chang, Ropafadzo Denga, Marc Destefano, Mark d'Inverno, Kenneth D. Forbus, Simon Garrod, Kevin A. Gluck, Wayne D. Gray, James Kirk, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Parisa Kordjamshidi, John E. Laird, Christian Lebiere, Stephen C. Levinson, Elena Lieven, John K. Lindstedt, Aaron Mininger, Tom Mitchell, Shiwali Mohan, Ana Paiva, Katerina Pastra, Peter Pirolli, Roussell Rahman, Charles Rich, Katharina J. Rohlfing, Paul S. Rosenbloom, Nele Russwinkel, Dario D. Salvucci, Matthew-Donald D. Sangster, Matthias Scheutz, Julie A. Shah, Candace L. Sidner, Catherine Sibert, Michael Spranger, Luc Steels, Suzanne Stevenson, Terrence C. Stewart, Arthur Still, Andrea Stocco, Niels Taatgen, Andrea L. Thomaz, J. Gregory Trafton, Han L. J. van der Maas, Paul Van Eecke, Kurt VanLehn, Anna-Lisa Vollmer, Janet Wiles, Robert E. Wray III, Matthew Yee-King

Author : Gen. Stanley McChrystal
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781101601426

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My Share of the Task by Gen. Stanley McChrystal Pdf

"General McChrystal is a legendary warrior with a fine eye for enduring lessons about leadership, courage, and consequence." —Tom Brokaw General Stanley McChrystal is widely admired for his hunger to know the truth, his courage to find it, and his humility to listen to those around him. Even as the commanding officer of all U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan, he stationed himself forward and frequently went on patrols with his troops to experience their challenges firsthand. In this illuminating New York Times bestseller, McChrystal frankly explores the major episodes and controversies of his career. He describes the many outstanding leaders he served with and the handful of bad leaders he learned not to emulate. And he paints a vivid portrait of how the military establishment turned itself, in one generation, into the adaptive, resilient force that would soon be tested in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the wider War on Terror. "A compelling account of his impressive career." -The Wall Street Journal ' "This is a brilliant book about leadership wrapped inside a fascinating personal narrative." -Walter Isaacson, author of Steve Jobs Stanley McChrystal retired in July 2010 as a four-star general in the U.S. Army. His last assignment was as the commander of the International Security Assistance Force and as the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. He is currently a senior fellow at Yale University's Jackson Institute for Global Affairs and cofounder of the McChrystal Group, a leadership consulting firm. He and his wife, Annie, live in Virginia.

Author : Zhisheng (Edward) Wen,Mohammad Javad Ahmadian
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027262387

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Researching L2 Task Performance and Pedagogy by Zhisheng (Edward) Wen,Mohammad Javad Ahmadian Pdf

This volume honours Peter Skehan’s landmark contributions to research in Task-Based Language Teaching. It offers state-of-the-art reviews as well as cutting-edge new research studies, all reflective of key theoretical and methodological issues in current research, such as the role and nature of task complexity and the distinct dimensions of L2 task performance. Collectively, these chapters celebrate Professor Skehan’s seminal influence on TBLT and second language acquisition research, and they bear witness to the sustained academic mentoring and collaboration that have characterised his career. Contributed both by senior academics and more recent participants in SLA and TBLT research, the chapters variously explore conceptual frameworks and methodological insights on central issues in TBLT research, theoretical debates, innovative research paradigms and methodologies, as well as practical pedagogical proposals. The book provides a wide-ranging and balanced account of Skehan’s work and its impact on other researchers, serving as an introduction as well as a critical review for both seasoned and novice researchers and for interested practitioners.

Author : Ian Thompson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317627166

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Designing Tasks in Secondary Education by Ian Thompson Pdf

Engaging students in learning about their subject is a central concern for all teachers and teacher educators. How teachers view and use the pedagogic potential of different tasks to engage pupils with knowledge in different subjects, is central to this endeavour. Designing Tasks in Secondary Education explores models for effective task design, helping you translate the curriculum into the tasks and activities that you ask your students to do in order to facilitate developmental or higher-level understanding of curriculum content. Written by experts in the field of education from a range of subjects and including a foreword written by renowned author Professor Walter Doyle, this book spans an international context and offers a refreshing alternative of how to plan and design tasks that will not only intellectually stimulate but improve teaching quality. Key topics explored include: Designing tasks which engage learners with knowledge Policy perspectives on task design Designing cognitively demanding classroom tasks Task design issues in the secondary subjects Designing Tasks in Secondary Education offers essential insight into task design and its importance for enhancing subject understanding and student engagement. It will challenge and support all education professionals concerned with issues of curriculum design, subject knowledge, classroom organisation, agency in the learning process and teaching quality.

Author : John Antonetti,Terri Stice
Publisher : Corwin Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781506399157

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Powerful Task Design by John Antonetti,Terri Stice Pdf

Applicable to educators across all disciplines and grade levels, this book provides the tools to analyze, design, and refine cognitively engaging tasks of learning.

Author : Rob Dixon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007-08-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136359798

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The Management Task by Rob Dixon Pdf

This is a third edition of the Management Task, a diploma level book in the Chartered Management of Institute series. This book addresses the task of management in terms of the different processes involved , for example, planning, decision-making, organizing, communication, and the more specific management functions such as personnel, marketing and the environment of management and business. It covers the knowledge and understanding required as part of any competency-based management programme. This new edition has nearly doubled in length to cover the new areas of the CMI diploma syllabus and now includes two new sections on marketing and new management thinking.

Author : William Cowper
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1806
Category : Electronic
ISBN : COLUMBIA:1002317940

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The Task by William Cowper Pdf

Author : Dr. George N. Ohakamnu
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-30
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781503574281

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Improving On-Task Behaviors in the Classrooms by Dr. George N. Ohakamnu Pdf

The present-day students (regular and special education) have some difficulties remaining on task in the classroom, especially the students classified as the at-risk (learning disabled, behavioral disordered, etc). Therefore, it becomes imperative to design a proactive methodology or strategy that may create on-task behavior while teaching and learning are taking place in the classroom. Note that no one strategy is enough to contain behavior-problem students; hence, the partner-check self-recording strategy was designed to induce on task behavior for a considerable amount of time among elementary school children.