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Author : Koen G. Berden
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789051709667
Author : Elhanan Helpman
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262082632
Traditionally, economists have considered the accumulation of conventional inputs such as labour and capital to be the primary force behind economic growth. In the late-1990s however, many economists place technological progress at the centre of the growth process. This shift is due to theoretical developments that allow researchers to link microeconomic outcomes.
Author : Stefan Tobias Trautmann
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789036100915
In most decisions we have to choose between options that involve some uncertainty about their outcomes and their effect on our well-being. Casual observation and carefully controlled studies suggest that, in making these decisions, we often deviate from the benchmark of expected income maximization. This should not come as a surprise. Our well-being is affected by many factors, and the outside observer does not know the importance of various dimensions of the outcome to the decision maker. Even if goals are well defined, it is far from obvious that we succeed in choosing what is best for us. The psychological literature has shown deviations from optimal behavior in simple decision tasks, and we may expect similar deviations to occur in more complex real life problems. In real life situations, however, experience and market interaction will help to restrain suboptimal behavior. This thesis examines deviations from expected income maximization in situations involving uncertainty. We focus on deviations generated by social factors.
Author : Richard G. Lipsey,Kenneth I. Carlaw,Clifford T. Bekar
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0191558095
This book examines the long term economic growth that has raised the West's material living standards to levels undreamed of by counterparts in any previous time or place. The authors argue that this growth has been driven by technological revolutions that have periodically transformed the West's economic, social and political landscape over the last 10,000 years and allowed the West to become, until recently, the world's only dominant technological force. Unique in the diversity of the analytical techniques used, the book begins with a discussion of the causes and consequences of economic growth and technological change. The authors argue that long term economic growth is largely driven by pervasive technologies now known as General Purpose (GPTs). They establish an alternative to the standard growth models that use an aggregate production function and then introduce the concept of GPTs, complete with a study of how these technologies have transformed the West since the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution. Early modern science is given more importance than in most other treatments and the 19th century demographic revolution is studied with a combination of formal models of population dynamics and historical analysis. The authors argue that once sustained growth was established in the West, formal models can shed much light on its subsequent behaviour. They build non-conventional, dynamic, non-stationary equilibrium models of GPT-driven growth that incorporate a range of phenomena that their historical studies show to be important but which are excluded from other GPT models in the interests of analytical tractability. The book concludes with a study of the policy implications that follow from their unique approach.
Author : Robert Gilpin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Research, Industrial
ISBN : UOM:39015077946419
Author : Nathan Edmonson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351486781
New technology is intimately associated with increased economic growth. The tools people have and when they acquired them tells us much about cyclical patterns of growth. Those interested in encouraging economic growth would do well to look to the conditions that spur the origins, development, and impact of technology - as well as the circumstances that spur prolific periods of invention, the mother of technology. Despite general recognition of the connection between technology and growth, economists rarely have gotten to the heart of the relationship. Joseph Schumpeter and John Hicks were aware of the role of technology in cyclical variability, but their thoughts were not elaborated upon after they passed from the scene. Edmonson goes beyond formal theory, reviewing the record of economic growth and the role of technology in this growth. What does the technology future hold? One clue is where past prototype inventions that that have fomented massive technological innovations have come from. Some parts of the private sector, such as Bell Labs, have been important. The government, particularly in its sponsorship of defense related research, has delivered a number of inventions. Universities are very much in the picture in certain fields, such as nanotechnology. The challenges we face at the onset of the twenty-first century are covered in depth and with imagination by Edmonson. The book will spur much rethinking about economic futures.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Economic development
ISBN : MINN:31951D00814692Q
Author : Bart van Ark,Simon K. Kuipers,Gerard H. Kuper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475731613
Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth presents a selection of recent research advances on long term economic growth. While the contributions stem from both economic history, macro- and microeconomics and the economics of innovation, all papers depart from a common viewpoint: the key factor behind long term growth is productivity, and the latter is primarily driven by technological change. Most contributions show implicitly or explicitly that technological change is at least partly dependent on growth itself. Furthermore, technology appears to interact strongly with investment in physical and human capital as well as with changes in historical, political and institutional settings. Together these papers are an up-to-date account of the remarkable convergence in theoretical and empirical work on productivity and growth over the past decades. The first part deals with the characteristics of growth regimes over longer periods, ranging from 20 years to two centuries. The next four chapters study the determinants of productivity growth and, in some cases, productivity slowdown during the last quarter of the twentieth century. The final five chapters focus on the role of technology and innovation as the key determinants of growth. Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth is, therefore, a welcome collection for academic scholars and graduate students in economics, history and related social sciences as well as for policy makers.
Author : Marjolein B.A. van Asselt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401725835
This volume is intended to stimulate a change in the practice of decision support, advocating an interdisciplinary approach centred on both social and natural sciences, both theory and practice. It addresses the issue of analysis and management of uncertainty and risk in decision support corresponding to the aims of Integrated Assessment. A pluralistic method is necessary to account for legitimate plural interpretations of uncertainty and multiple risk perceptions. A wide range of methods and tools is presented to contribute to adequate and effective pluralistic uncertainty management and risk analysis in decision support endeavours. Special attention is given to the development of one such approach, the Pluralistic fRamework for Integrated uncertainty Management and risk Analysis (PRIMA), of which the practical value is explored in the context of the Environmental Outlooks produced by the Dutch Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM). Audience: This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners whose work involves decision support, uncertainty management, risk analysis, environmental planning, and Integrated Assessment.
Author : F. M. Scherer
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815796536
A Brookings Institution Press and British-North American Committee publication Two hundred years ago, the first Industrial Revolution sparked a dramatic acceleration in the quantity of goods and services available to the average citizen--a trend of steadily increasing real income per capita that continues to this day. Since that time, economists have struggled to develop systematic explanations for what caused the sudden, rapid increase, why the economy keeps growing, and why the rate of growth varies in different time periods and nations. In this book, F. M. Scherer traces the evolution of economic growth theory from the Industrial Revolution to the present. Emphasizing technological change as the most crucial dynamic force for growth, Scherer analyzes early hypotheses that paid little attention to new technologies, follows the emergence of theories that increasingly emphasized technological change, and reviews the current state of economic growth theory. Pointing out a lack of solid microbehavioral foundations to support contemporary "new growth" ideas, Scherer then supplies some foundational "bricks" concerning financial investment and human capital, and concludes by exploring the prospects for sustaining rapid growth into the next century.
Author : Erik Brynjolfsson,Adam Saunders
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262258074
Two experts on the information economy explore the true economic value of technology and innovation. A wave of business innovation is driving the productivity resurgence in the U.S. economy. In Wired for Innovation, Erik Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders describe how information technology directly or indirectly created this productivity explosion, reversing decades of slow growth. They argue that the companies with the highest level of returns to their technology investment are doing more than just buying technology; they are inventing new forms of organizational capital to become digital organizations. These innovations include a cluster of organizational and business-process changes, including broader sharing of information, decentralized decision-making, linking pay and promotions to performance, pruning of non-core products and processes, and greater investments in training and education. Innovation continues through booms and busts. This book provides an essential guide for policy makers and economists who need to understand how information technology is transforming the economy and how it will create value in the coming decade.
Author : Yetkiner, I. Hakan
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781466619791
"This book examines the nature of the process of technological change in different sectors of various countries, analyzing the impact of innovation as well as research and development activities on different outcomes in different fields and assessing the design and impact of policies aimed at enhancing innovation in organizations"--Provided by publisher.
Author : STROETMANN
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034858670
Technological progress is a major factor chaping economic growth. Today's standard of living is a direct result of scientific advances and technical change in the past. Since uncontrolled technological progress has become amenace to our well being and may actually threat our survival, it is necessary to learn to manage technological progress and direct innovative activities in such a manner that both private wants and social needs playa dominant role in determining the rate and direction of technical change. This requires a better understanding of the processes of technical change, of their impact on and interrelationships with economic and social developments and of the means and measures by which both individuals and governments can influence and direct technological progress. To this end, the Ninistry for Research and Technology of the Federal Republ ic of Germany and the National Science Foundation of the Uni ted States of America invited a group of scholars, corporate managers and civil servants to a one week seminar on "Technolo gical Innovation". The seminar took place in April, 1976, in Bonn, Federal Republ ic of Germany. Most papers presented at this meeting were specifically prepared for the seminar. With this volume, they are made available to a larger audience to further stimulate discussion not only among scholars interested in innovation research and technology policy questions but also among managers, union officials, civil ser vants and others directly or indirectly concerned with and affected by technical change.
Author : Patrick E. Simmons,Samuel T. Jordan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Industrial policy
ISBN : 1622572513
The authors have gathered research from across the globe in the study of the economics of innovation, incentives and uncertainty. Topics include incentives for SME's in the European Union; technology innovation and economic success in Japanese manufacturing firms; non-point pollution policy in the presence of uncertainty; the use of DEA-DA for corporate value assessment; the impact of system of trade preferences (non-reciprocal) on development outcomes in beneficiary economies; the innovation and export activity causal link; uncertainty in the labour and financial markets and the sluggish U.S. macroeconomic performance; the implications of strategic delegation in a mixed oligopoly model; monetary uncertainty and the demand for money in the U.S.; and bonus/promotion schemes as incentives.
Author : Ramendra Singh
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787149748
BOP marketing practices are new and still evolving, despite the ground-level challenges, and several failures. This edited book extends the knowledge on bottom of pyramid (BOP) through contributions by leading scholars in this domain, and embodies the knowledge that would be useful for marketing practice coming from top BOP marketing scholars.