On The Effect Of Offshore Wind Farms On The Atmosphere And Ocean Dynamics

Author : Elke Ludewig
Publisher : Springer
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319086415

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On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics by Elke Ludewig Pdf

Renewable energy resources now play an essential role in the energy supply debate, and especially a new interest in wind energy has resulted in the intensified construction of wind farms. Thanks to the growing demand for renewable energy, offshore wind farms (OWFs) are increasingly gaining in popularity, since yields over sea are greater and more reliable than over land. Against this background it is becoming particularly urgent to determine whether and if so to what extent such OWF expansion affects our oceans and local climates. OWFs produce a downstream wind speed reduction, the so-called wind-wake effect, which impacts atmospheric boundary layers, alters local wind characteristics and in turn affects ocean dynamics. This book will help readers to understand in detail these OWF-induced changes in the atmosphere and ocean by analyzing model simulations and measurements. In this context, OWF-induced upwelling and downwelling are key aspects.

Author : Martin Perrow
Publisher : Pelagic Publishing Ltd
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781784271282

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Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions by Martin Perrow Pdf

Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies, a growing body of literature and several international conferences on the topic. This unique multi-volume work provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between wind farms and wildlife. Volume 3 documents the current knowledge of the potential effects upon wildlife during both construction and operation of offshore wind farms. An introductory chapter on the nature of wind farms and the legislation surrounding them is followed by a series of in-depth chapters documenting effects on physical processes, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, seabed communities, fish, marine mammals, migratory birds and bats and seabirds. A synopsis of the known and potential effects of wind farms upon wildlife concludes the volume. The authors have been carefully selected from across the globe from the large number of academics, consultants and practitioners now engaged in wind farm studies, for their influential contribution to the science. Edited by Martin Perrow and with contributions by 30 leading researchers including: Göran Broström, Steven Degraer, Mike Elliot, Andrew Gill, Ommo Hüppop, Georg Nehls and Nicolas Vanermen. The authors represent a wide range of organisations and institutions including the Universities of Gothenburg, Hamburg and Hull, Alfred Wegener Institute, Cefas (UK), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vattenfall and several leading consultancies. Each chapter includes informative figures, tables, colour photographs and detailed case studies, including some from invited authors to showcase exciting new research. Other volumes: Volume 1: Onshore: Potential Effects (978-1-78427-119-0) Volume 2: Onshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-123-7) Volume 4: Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-131-2)

Author : María Dolores Esteban,José-Santos López-Gutiérrez,Vicente Negro Valdecantos
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039285624

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Offshore Wind Farms by María Dolores Esteban,José-Santos López-Gutiérrez,Vicente Negro Valdecantos Pdf

The coastal zone is the host to many human activities, which have significantly increased in the last decades. However, sea level rise and more frequent storm events severely affect beaches and coastal structures, with negative consequences and dramatic impacts on coastal communities. These aspects add to typical coastal problems, like flooding and beach erosion, which already leading to large economic losses and human fatalities. Modeling is thus fundamental for an exhaustive understanding of the nearshore region in the present and future environment. Innovative tools and technologies may help to better understand coastal processes in terms of hydrodynamics, sediment transport, bed morphology, and their interaction with coastal structures. This book collects several contributions focusing on nearshore dynamics, and span among several time and spatial scales using both physical and numerical approaches. The aim is to describe the most recent advances in coastal dynamics.

Author : Martin Richard Perrow
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Animals
ISBN : 1784270601

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Wildlife and Wind Farms, Conflicts and Solutions by Martin Richard Perrow Pdf

Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies. This multi-volume set provides a comprehensive overview.

Author : Wojciech Popko
Publisher : Fraunhofer Verlag
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3839616840

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Impact of Sea Ice Loads on Global Dynamics of Offshore Wind Turbines by Wojciech Popko Pdf

Support structures for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are designed and certified site-specific based on the calculated load effects. These load effects originate from static, cyclic, stochastic, and transient loads from the met-ocean environment and rotating components of the wind turbine. The met-ocean environment of the Baltic Sea accounts for variable wind and marine conditions. Sea ice is part of marine conditions - which among others - should be included in the design process of OWT support structures. The load analysis and design of OWTs, including its components, rely on the time-domain based, coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tools. Only this approach can provide an accurate prediction of the OWT dynamic response. Dynamic interaction between an OWT and external loads - including ice loads - cannot be disregarded as it may result in considerable loss of accuracy. A proper understanding of sea ice impact on the global dynamics of OWTs - involving the fully-integrated simulation approach - is necessary within the offshore wind research community, industry, and certification authorities.

Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Modeling and Implications for Offshore Wind Development Nantucket Shoals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309706688

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Potential Hydrodynamic Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Nantucket Shoals Regional Ecology by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Modeling and Implications for Offshore Wind Development Nantucket Shoals Pdf

The transition to renewable energy has spurred many efforts to scale up the U.S. portfolio of efficient clean energy resources, including the development of offshore wind farms. The Nantucket Shoals region off the coast of Massachusetts is the first large scale wind farm installation under development in U.S. waters. To ensure Nantucket Shoals region offshore wind energy installations are being planned, constructed, and developed in an environmentally responsible way, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) asked the National Academies to evaluate the potential for offshore wind farms in the Nantucket Shoals region to affect oceanic physical processes, and, in turn, how those hydrodynamic alterations might affect local to regional ecosystems. Of particular interest to BOEM are the potential effects of hydrodynamic changes on zooplankton productivity and aggregations, which may affect foraging for the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale. This report found the impacts of offshore wind projects on the North Atlantic right whale and the availability of their prey in the Nantucket Shoals region will likely be difficult to distinguish from the significant impacts of climate change and other influences on the ecosystem. Further study and monitoring of the oceanography and ecology of the Nantucket Shoals region is needed to fully understand the impact of future wind farms. This report recommends the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and others should promote observational studies and modeling that will advance understanding of potential hydrodynamic effects and their consequent impacts on ecology in the Nantucket Shoals region during all phases of wind energy development.

Author : Olimpo Anaya-Lara,John Olav Tande,Kjetil Uhlen,Karl Merz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119097761

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Offshore Wind Energy Technology by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,John Olav Tande,Kjetil Uhlen,Karl Merz Pdf

A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.

Author : Tony L. Burton,Nick Jenkins,Ervin Bossanyi,David Sharpe,Michael Graham
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1016 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119451099

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Wind Energy Handbook by Tony L. Burton,Nick Jenkins,Ervin Bossanyi,David Sharpe,Michael Graham Pdf

Fully updated and authoritative reference to wind energy technology written by leading academic and industry professionals The newly revised Third Edition of the Wind Energy Handbook delivers a fully updated treatment of key developments in wind technology since the publication of the book’s Second Edition in 2011. The criticality of wakes within wind farms is addressed by the addition of an entirely new chapter on wake effects, including ‘engineering’ wake models and wake control. Offshore, attention is focused for the first time on the design of floating support structures, and the new ‘PISA’ method for monopile geotechnical design is introduced. The coverage of blade design has been completely rewritten, with an expanded description of laminate fatigue properties and new sections on manufacturing methods, blade testing, leading-edge erosion and bend-twist coupling. These are complemented by new sections on blade add-ons and noise in the aerodynamics chapters, which now also include a description of the Leishman-Beddoes dynamic stall model and an extended introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis. The importance of the environmental impact of wind farms both on- and offshore is recognized by expanded coverage, and the requirements of the Grid Codes to ensure wind energy plays its full role in the power system are described. The conceptual design chapter has been extended to include a number of novel concepts, including low induction rotors, multiple rotor structures, superconducting generators and magnetic gearboxes. References and further reading resources are included throughout the book and have been updated to cover the latest literature. As in previous editions, the core subjects constituting the essential background to wind turbine and wind farm design are covered. These include: The nature of the wind resource, including geographical variation, synoptic and diurnal variations, and turbulence characteristics The aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines, including the actuator disc concept, rotor disc theory, the vortex cylinder model of the actuator disc and the Blade-Element/Momentum theory Design loads for horizontal axis wind turbines, including the prescriptions of international standards Alternative machine architectures The design of key components Wind turbine controller design for fixed and variable speed machines The integration of wind farms into the electrical power system Wind farm design, siting constraints, and the assessment of environmental impact Perfect for engineers and scientists learning about wind turbine technology, the Wind Energy Handbook will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students taking courses on wind turbines and wind energy, as well as industry professionals whose work requires a deep understanding of wind energy technology.

Author : Julia Köller,Johann Köppel,Wolfgang Peters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2006-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540346777

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Offshore Wind Energy by Julia Köller,Johann Köppel,Wolfgang Peters Pdf

This book provides the only compendium of the research efforts of the German Federal Republic for the development of offshore wind energy that summarizes the main findings of German accompanying research. The main objective of the book is to show the relevance of the new results and realizations of the research projects for the planning and permission process for offshore wind energy plants.

Author : Walter Musial
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781437941333

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Large-Scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States by Walter Musial Pdf

This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Offshore wind power is poised to deliver an essential contribution to a clean, robust, and diversified U.S. energy portfolio. Capturing and using this large and inexhaustible resource has the potential to mitigate climate change, improve the environment, increase energy security, and stimulate the U.S. economy. The U.S. is now deliberating an energy policy that will have a powerful impact on the nation¿s energy and economic health for decades to come. This report provides a broad understanding of today¿s wind industry and the offshore resource, as well as the associated technology challenges, economics, permitting procedures, and potential risks and benefits. Charts and tables.

Author : Tony Burton,Nick Jenkins,David Sharpe,Ervin Bossanyi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 784 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470699751

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Wind Energy Handbook by Tony Burton,Nick Jenkins,David Sharpe,Ervin Bossanyi Pdf

Named as one of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles of 2012 Every year, Choice subject editors recognise the most significant print and electronic works reviewed in Choice during the previous calendar year. Appearing annually in Choice's January issue, this prestigious list of publications reflects the best in scholarly titles and attracts extraordinary attention from the academic library community. The authoritative reference on wind energy, now fully revised and updated to include offshore wind power A decade on from its first release, the Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition, reflects the advances in technology underpinning the continued expansion of the global wind power sector. Harnessing their collective industrial and academic expertise, the authors provide a comprehensive introduction to wind turbine design and wind farm planning for onshore and offshore wind-powered electricity generation. The major change since the first edition is the addition of a new chapter on offshore wind turbines and offshore wind farm development. Opening with a survey of the present state of offshore wind farm development, the chapter goes on to consider resource assessment and array losses. Then wave loading on support structures is examined in depth, including wind and wave load combinations and descriptions of applicable wave theories. After sections covering optimum machine size and offshore turbine reliability, the different types of support structure deployed to date are described in turn, with emphasis on monopiles, including fatigue analysis in the frequency domain. Final sections examine the assessment of environmental impacts and the design of the power collection and transmission cable network. New coverage features: turbulence models updated to reflect the latest design standards, including an introduction to the Mann turbulence model extended treatment of horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamics, now including a survey of wind turbine aerofoils, dynamic stall and computational fluid dynamics developments in turbine design codes techniques for extrapolating extreme loads from simulation results an introduction to the NREL cost model comparison of options for variable speed operation in-depth treatment of individual blade pitch control grid code requirements and the principles governing the connection of large wind farms to transmission networks four pages of full-colour pictures that illustrate blade manufacture, turbine construction and offshore support structure installation Firmly established as an essential reference, Wind Energy Handbook, Second Edition will prove a real asset to engineers, turbine designers and wind energy consultants both in industry and research. Advanced engineering students and new entrants to the wind energy sector will also find it an invaluable resource.

Author : Olimpo Anaya-Lara,David Campos-Gaona,Edgar Moreno-Goytia,Grain Adam
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118539620

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Offshore Wind Energy Generation by Olimpo Anaya-Lara,David Campos-Gaona,Edgar Moreno-Goytia,Grain Adam Pdf

The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.

Author : Patrick J. Neale,Oliver Zielinski,Rebecca L. North,Maren Striebel,Jochen Wollschläger
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889669806

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Climate Change and Light in Aquatic Ecosystems: Variability & Ecological Consequences by Patrick J. Neale,Oliver Zielinski,Rebecca L. North,Maren Striebel,Jochen Wollschläger Pdf

Author : Bernhard Stoevesandt,Gerard Schepers,Peter Fuglsang,Yuping Sun
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1495 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030313074

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Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics by Bernhard Stoevesandt,Gerard Schepers,Peter Fuglsang,Yuping Sun Pdf

This handbook provides both a comprehensive overview and deep insights on the state-of-the-art methods used in wind turbine aerodynamics, as well as their advantages and limits. The focus of this work is specifically on wind turbines, where the aerodynamics are different from that of other fields due to the turbulent wind fields they face and the resultant differences in structural requirements. It gives a complete picture of research in the field, taking into account the different approaches which are applied. This book would be useful to professionals, academics, researchers and students working in the field.

Author : Finn Gunnar Nielsen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2024-02-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009341448

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Offshore Wind Energy by Finn Gunnar Nielsen Pdf

Many countries have plans to expand wind energy to meet CO2 emissions targets. Lack of available land area and the need for good and stable wind conditions have stimulated the development of offshore wind turbines, which allows for the development of larger turbines. The offshore environment, however, involves new challenges related to the design, installation, operation and maintenance of the turbines. Based on a graduate-level course taught by the author, this book focuses on the opportunities and challenges related to offshore wind turbines. It introduces the offshore environment, including wind and wave dynamics, before discussing the aerodynamics of wind turbines, hydrodynamic loading, marine operations, and wind farm layout. Featuring examples that demonstrate practical application of the topics covered and exercises to consolidate student understanding, this is an indispensable reference text for advanced students and researchers of environmental science and engineering and for industry professionals working in the wind energy sector.