Open Field Farming In Medieval Europe

Author : Warren Ault
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136583421

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Open-Field Farming in Medieval Europe by Warren Ault Pdf

This book presents a detailed account of the co-operative practice of agriculture in medieval England, shedding much light on how medieval villagers governed their own affairs. During this period co-operation was essential in ploughing, sowing and reaping, with communal control of the pasturing of the fallow and stubble. These practices were set out in customary by-laws which were agreed to by common consent and villages themselves were greatly involved with their enactment and enforcement. In the course of time, many of the by-laws were put into writing. Professor Ault has travelled extensively throughout England collecting and researching these agrarian ordinances and translating them into modern English. Since it was first published in 1972 this analysis has provided new insight into the organizational structure and governance of medieval villages in England and is essential reading for all those interested in the history of the Middle Ages.

Author : Trevor Rowley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429607875

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The Origins of Open Field Agriculture by Trevor Rowley Pdf

Originally published in 1981, The Origins of Open Field Agriculture looks at the problems connected with open field agriculture – the origins of strip cultivation, the three-field system, the adaptation of ‘Celtic’ fields, and the development of ploughing techniques. The book looks at the challenges to traditional ideas on the origins of settlement and their associated economy, and casts new light on understandings of village development. The book suggests that conventional views of the nucleated village, in the midst of open field strips as a product of the Anglo-Saxon migration, is no longer tenable. The book brings together the work of distinguished archaeologists, historians, and historical geographers and opens up a new perspective on the early development of medieval agriculture.

Author : Martin Bakers
Publisher : Cambridge Stanford Books
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-15
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agriculture in the Middle Ages by Martin Bakers Pdf

In the Middle Ages agriculture underwent many changes. The nobles and the clergy were considered the most important members of the feudal society. However, they were never the majority: in the Middle Ages, almost all people were peasants. Not all farmers had the same category and social status. Many of them were free men. Among these, some were small landowners who lived on their own land, while others, the settlers, leased the feudal lord a small plot of land.

Author : Warren O. Ault
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 0064902501

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Open-field Farming in Medieval England by Warren O. Ault Pdf

Author : Grenville G. Astill,John Langdon
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9004105824

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Medieval Farming and Technology by Grenville G. Astill,John Langdon Pdf

This is the first of three planned volumes which deal with the techniques and technology of agriculture in Europe in the period from 600 A.D. down to the 17th century. The focus of this first volume is Scandinavia, the British Isles, Northern Germany, the Low Countries and Northern France. The volume discusses methodological approaches and their limitations, the development of medieval agriculture in terms of the transmission of technological ideas, improvements in productivity, regional variations, social responses to agricultural technology, and those common trends that unite the Northwest European region.The volume integrates material derived from the great advances made in medieval archaeology and the historical study of landscapes during the past 30 years and has a supranational character. It will be of interest to all those working on the social, economic and political history of Northwest Europe in the medieval and early modern periods as well as to those undertaking research in the specific field of the history of technology.Technology and Change in HistoryThis new series of scholarly surveys is intended to offer an updating of the discussion of questions regarding the nature of technology and technological change first broached in the nine-volume survey by R. Forbes: Studies in Ancient Technology. The series will however take in not only the original scope of Forbes' work, namely the Ancient Near East and the Greco-Roman world, but will extend beyond this to cover the medieval and early modern periods.7The volumes in the series will be in English, of 300-800 pp., divided into 10-15 topical chapters and aim to present to scholars, graduate students and to non-specialist scholars the current state of knowledge in the various fields in the history of technology. They collect, assimilate and present facts, opinion, sources, and literature in the accessible way that Forbes did, but will also identify issues that have not been plainly addressed and will in doing so indicate where the field might profitably be going.Including notes and numerous illustrations, the volumes address questions of a primarily historical nature, such as: 1. what technological options were open to peoples at different times and different places? 2. what options did they choose and why? 3. what impact did this have on their contemporaries and successors (and on their technological choices)?Questions and problems more proper to political, social and economic history will also be touched upon, but the starting point and focus of this new series is the history of technology.Volumes planned in the series include:R.J. Curtis: Food Technology in Antiquity (1999)M.-C. Deprez-Masson and N.J. Mayhew (eds.): Metal Technology: 600-1800 A.D. (2001)P. Squatriti (ed.): Medieval Hydrotechnology (2001)O. Wikander (ed.): Ancient Water Technology (1998)G.R.H. Wright: Ancient Building Technology (1999)J. Langdon and G. Astill (eds.): Agrarian Technology in the Middle Ages: Northwest Europe (1996)

Author : Warren Ortman Ault
Publisher : Allen & Unwin Australia
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1972-01-01
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 0049421050

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Open-field Farming in Medieval England by Warren Ortman Ault Pdf

Author : Christopher Dyer,Erik Thoen,Tom Williamson
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Agricultural systems
ISBN : 2503576001

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Droit Subjectif Ou Droit Objectif? by Christopher Dyer,Erik Thoen,Tom Williamson Pdf

In the middle ages and the early modern period open fields could be found in many if not most countries of Europe. They took a wide variety of forms, but can in essence be defined as areas of cultivated land in which the intermingled plots of different cultivators, without upstanding physical boundaries, were subject to some degree of communal management, in terms of cropping and grazing. Sometimes such fields occupied a high proportion of the land in a district, but often they formed a relatively minor element in landscapes which also contained enclosed fields, woodland or expanses of pasture. In some areas, open-field agriculture had already been abandoned before the end of the middle ages, but in others it continued to flourish into the nineteenth or even twentieth centuries. Although open fields have long been studied, by geographers, historians and archaeologists, much about their origins, development and rationale remains contentious. Why, across wide areas of Europe, did such fields sometimes become central to the experience of so many of our ancestors, shaping not only farming practices but also the basic structures of their everyday lives? And why, in contrast, did they fail to develop, or have a less significant role, elsewhere? Over recent decades open fields have been investigated in new, interdisciplinary ways, and as a Europe-wide phenomenon. In this book, more than ever before, their development and operation are explained in terms of economic, social, agrarian and environmental developments which were shared, to varying degrees, by all parts of the Continent. It contains ten new studies from a wide range of regions, together with important comparative research from south America and Japan. This collection of essays represents a milestone in the study of open-field agriculture, and is a major contribution to the study of the rationale of field systems more generally.

Author : Warren Ault
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136583353

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Open-Field Farming in Medieval Europe by Warren Ault Pdf

This book presents a detailed account of the co-operative practice of agriculture in medieval England, shedding much light on how medieval villagers governed their own affairs. During this period co-operation was essential in ploughing, sowing and reaping, with communal control of the pasturing of the fallow and stubble. These practices were set out in customary by-laws which were agreed to by common consent and villages themselves were greatly involved with their enactment and enforcement. In the course of time, many of the by-laws were put into writing. Professor Ault has travelled extensively throughout England collecting and researching these agrarian ordinances and translating them into modern English. Since it was first published in 1972 this analysis has provided new insight into the organizational structure and governance of medieval villages in England and is essential reading for all those interested in the history of the Middle Ages.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004363908

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The Economy of Medieval Hungary by Anonim Pdf

The Economy of Medieval Hungary is the first concise, English-language volume on the economic life of medieval Hungary, covering the structures of economic life, human-nature interactions in production, taxation, money and commerce.

Author : Warren Ortman Ault
Publisher : Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39076005764407

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Open-field Husbandry and the Village Community by Warren Ortman Ault Pdf

Author : David Hall
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191007460

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The Open Fields of England by David Hall Pdf

The Open Fields of England describes the open-field system of agriculture that operated in Medieval England before the establishment of present-day farms surrounded by hedges or walls. The volume encompasses a wide range of primary data not previously assembled, to which are added the results of new research based upon a fifty-year study of open-field remains and their related documents. The whole of England is examined, describing eight different kinds of field-system that have been identified, and relating them to their associated land-use and settlement. Details of field structure are explained, such as the demesne, the lord's land, and the tenants' holdings, as well as tenurial arrangements and farming methods. Previous explanations of open-field origins and possible antecedents to medieval fields are discussed. Various types of archaeological and historical evidence relating to Saxon-period settlements and fields are presented, followed by the development of a new theory to explain the lay-out and planned nature of many field systems found in the central belt of England. Of particular interest is the Gazetteer, which is organized by historic counties. Each county has a summary of its fields, including tabulated data and sources for future research, touching on the demesne, yardland size, work-service, assarts, and physical remains of ridge and furrow. The Gazetteer acts as a national hand-list of field systems, opening the subject up to further research and essential to scholars of medieval agriculture.

Author : John Eatwell,Murray Milgate,Peter Newman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 766 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1991-05-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781349213153

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The World of Economics by John Eatwell,Murray Milgate,Peter Newman Pdf

What are the central questions of economics and how do economists tackle them? This book aims to answer these questions in 100 essays, written by economists and selected from "The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics". It shows how economists deal with issues ranging from trade to taxation.

Author : David Hall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9780198702955

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The Open Fields of England by David Hall Pdf

The first study to describe 100 years of pre-enclosure agricultural systems throughout England from one of the foremost authorities on medieval field systems.

Author : TREVOR. ROWLEY
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-12-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367180383

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The Origins of Open Field Agriculture by TREVOR. ROWLEY Pdf

Originally published in 1981, The Origins of Open Field Agriculture looks at the problems connected with open field agriculture - the origins of strip cultivation, the three-field system, the adaptation of 'Celtic' fields, and the development of ploughing techniques. The book looks at the challenges to traditional ideas on the origins of settlement and their associated economy, and casts new light on understandings of village development. The book suggests that conventional views of the nucleated village, in the midst of open field strips as a product of the Anglo-Saxon migration, is no longer tenable. The book brings together the work of distinguished archaeologists, historians, and historical geographers and opens up a new perspective on the early development of medieval agriculture.

Author : Debby Banham,Rosamond Faith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191667312

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Anglo-Saxon Farms and Farming by Debby Banham,Rosamond Faith Pdf

Farming was the basis of the wealth that made England worth invading, twice, in the eleventh century, while trade and manufacturing were insignificant by modern standards. In Anglo-Saxon Farms and Farming, the authors employ a wide range of evidence to investigate how Anglo-Saxon farmers produced the food and other agricultural products that sustained English economy, society, and culture before the Norman Conquest. The first part of the volume draws on written and pictorial sources, archaeology, place-names, and the history of the English language to discover what crops and livestock people raised, and what tools and techniques were used to produce them. In part two, using a series of landscape studies - place-names, maps, and the landscape itself, the authors explore how these techniques might have been combined into working agricultural regimes in different parts of the country. A picture emerges of an agriculture that changed from an essentially prehistoric state in the sub-Roman period to what was recognisably the beginning of a tradition that only ended with the Second World War. Anglo-Saxon farming was not only sustainable, but infinitely adaptable to different soils and geology, and to a climate changing as unpredictably as it is today.