Openness Secrecy Authorship

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Openness, Secrecy, Authorship

Pamela O. Long
Openness Secrecy Authorship Book PDF

Author : Pamela O. Long
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2003-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780801872822

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Openness, Secrecy, Authorship by Pamela O. Long Pdf

A history of the book and intellectual property that includes military technology and military secrets. Winner of The Morris D. Forkosch Prize from the Journal of the History of Ideas In today's world of intellectual property disputes, industrial espionage, and book signings by famous authors, one easily loses sight of the historical nature of the attribution and ownership of texts. In Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance, Pamela Long combines intellectual history with the history of science and technology to explore the culture of authorship. Using classical Greek as well as medieval and Renaissance European examples, Long traces the definitions, limitations, and traditions of intellectual and scientific creation and attribution. She examines these attitudes as they pertain to the technical and the practical. Although Long's study follows a chronological development, this is not merely a general work. Long is able to examine events and sources within their historical context and locale. By looking at Aristotelian ideas of Praxis, Techne, and Episteme. She explains the tension between craft and ideas, authors and producers. She discusses, with solid research and clear prose, the rise, wane, and resurgence of priority in the crediting and lionizing of authors. Long illuminates the creation and re-creation of ideas like "trade secrets," "plagiarism," "mechanical arts," and "scribal culture." Her historical study complicates prevailing assumptions while inviting a closer look at issues that define so much of our society and thought to this day. She argues that "a useful working definition of authorship permits a gradation of meaning between the poles of authority and originality," and guides us through the term's nuances with clarity rarely matched in a historical study.

Living Books

Janneke Adema
Living Books Book PDF

Author : Janneke Adema
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262046022

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Living Books by Janneke Adema Pdf

Reimagining the scholarly book as living and collaborative--not as commodified and essentialized, but in all its dynamic materiality. In this book, Janneke Adema proposes that we reimagine the scholarly book as a living and collaborative project--not as linear, bound, and fixed, but as fluid, remixed, and liquid, a space for experimentation. She presents a series of cutting-edge experiments in arts and humanities book publishing, showcasing the radical new forms that book-based scholarly work might take in the digital age. Adema's proposed alternative futures for the scholarly book go beyond such print-based assumptions as fixity, stability, the single author, originality, and copyright, reaching instead for a dynamic and emergent materiality. Adema suggests ways to unbind the book, describing experiments in scholarly book publishing with new forms of anonymous collaborative authorship, radical open access publishing, and processual, living, and remixed publications, among other practices. She doesn't cast digital as the solution and print as the problem; the problem in scholarly publishing, she argues, is not print itself, but the way print has been commodified and essentialized. Adema explores alternative, more ethical models of authorship; constructs an alternative genealogy of openness; and examines opportunities for intervention in current cultures of knowledge production. Finally, asking why it is that we cut and bind our research together at all, she examines two book publishing projects that experiment with remix and reuse and try to rethink and reperform the book-apparatus by taking responsibility for the cuts they make.

Technology

Eric Schatzberg
Technology Book PDF

Author : Eric Schatzberg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226584027

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Technology by Eric Schatzberg Pdf

In modern life, technology is everywhere. Yet as a concept, technology is a mess. In popular discourse, technology is little more than the latest digital innovations. Scholars do little better, offering up competing definitions that include everything from steelmaking to singing. In Technology: Critical History of a Concept, Eric Schatzberg explains why technology is so difficult to define by examining its three thousand year history, one shaped by persistent tensions between scholars and technical practitioners. Since the time of the ancient Greeks, scholars have tended to hold technicians in low esteem, defining technical practices as mere means toward ends defined by others. Technicians, in contrast, have repeatedly pushed back against this characterization, insisting on the dignity, creativity, and cultural worth of their work. ​The tension between scholars and technicians continued from Aristotle through Francis Bacon and into the nineteenth century. It was only in the twentieth century that modern meanings of technology arose: technology as the industrial arts, technology as applied science, and technology as technique. Schatzberg traces these three meanings to the present day, when discourse about technology has become pervasive, but confusion among the three principal meanings of technology remains common. He shows that only through a humanistic concept of technology can we understand the complex human choices embedded in our modern world.

Exterranean

Phillip John Usher
Exterranean Book PDF

Author : Phillip John Usher
Publisher : Fordham Univ Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-05
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780823284238

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Exterranean by Phillip John Usher Pdf

Exterranean concerns the extraction of stuff from the Earth, a process in which matter goes from being sub- to exterranean. By opening up a rich archive of nonmodern texts and images from across Europe, this work offers a bracing riposte to several critical trends in ecological thought. By shifting emphasis from emission to extraction, Usher reorients our perspective away from Earthrise-like globes and shows what is gained by opening the planet to depths within. The book thus maps the material and immaterial connections between the Earth from which we extract, the human and nonhuman agents of extraction, and the extracted matter with which we live daily. Eschewing the self-congratulatory claims of posthumanism, Usher instead elaborates a productive tension between the materially-situated homo of nonmodern humanism and the abstract and aggregated anthropos of the Anthropocene. In dialogue with Michel Serres, Bruno Latour, and other interdisciplinary work in the environmental humanities, Usher shows what premodern material can offer to contemporary theory. Examining textual and visual culture alike, Usher explores works by Ronsard, Montaigne, and Rabelais, early scientific works by Paracelsus and others, as well as objects, engravings, buildings, and the Salt Mines of Wieliczka. Both historicist and speculative in approach, Exterranean lays the groundwork for a comparative ecocriticism that reaches across and untranslates theoretical affordances between periods and languages.

The Age of Secrecy

Daniel Jütte (Jutte)
The Age of Secrecy Book PDF

Author : Daniel Jütte (Jutte)
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780300213423

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The Age of Secrecy by Daniel Jütte (Jutte) Pdf

The fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries were truly an Age of Secrecy in Europe, when arcane knowledge was widely believed to be positive knowledge which extended into all areas of daily life. So asserts Daniel Jütte in this engrossing, vivid, and award-winning work. He maintains that the widespread acceptance and even reverence for this “economy of secrets” in premodern Europe created a highly complex and sometimes perilous space for mutual contact between Jews and Christians. Surveying the interactions between the two religious groups in a wide array of secret sciences and practices, the author relates true stories of colorful “professors of secrets” and clandestine encounters. In the process Jütte examines how our current notion of secrecy is radically different in this era of WikiLeaks, Snowden, etc., as opposed to centuries earlier when the truest, most important knowledge was generally considered to be secret by definition.

Milton's Secrecy

James Dougal Fleming
Milton s Secrecy Book PDF

Author : James Dougal Fleming
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0754660672

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Milton's Secrecy by James Dougal Fleming Pdf

Milton's Secrecy argues that the work of John Milton presents a theory of interpretation - or hermeneutics - emphasizing openness and recognition over hiddenness and discovery. The book draws on multiple early modern discourses for its historical coherence, and on the philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer for its theoretical validity.

Malleable Anatomies

Lucia Dacome
Malleable Anatomies Book PDF

Author : Lucia Dacome
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191055805

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Malleable Anatomies by Lucia Dacome Pdf

Malleable Anatomies offers an account of the early stages of the practice of anatomical modelling in mid-eighteenth-century Italy. It investigates the 'mania' for anatomical displays that swept the Italian peninsula, and traces the fashioning of anatomical models as important social, cultural, and political as well as medical tools. Over the course of the eighteenth century, anatomical specimens offered particularly accurate insights into the inner body. Being coloured, soft, malleable, and often life-size, they promised to foster anatomical knowledge for different audiences in a delightful way. But how did anatomical models and preparations inscribe and mediate bodily knowledge? How did they change the way in which anatomical knowledge was created and communicated? And how did they affect the lives of those involved in their production, display, viewing, and handling? Examining the circumstances surrounding the creation and early viewing of anatomical displays in Bologna and Naples, Malleable Anatomies addresses these questions by reconstructing how anatomical modelling developed at the intersection of medical discourse, religious ritual, antiquarian and artistic cultures, and Grand Tour display. While doing so, it investigates the development of anatomical modelling in the context of the diverse worlds of visual and material practices that characterized the representation and display of the body in mid-eighteenth-century Italy. Drawing attention to the artisanal dimension of anatomical practice, and to the role of women as both makers and users of anatomical models, it considers how anatomical specimens lay at the centre of a composite world of social interactions, which led to the fashioning of modellers as anatomical celebrities. Moreover, it examines how anatomical displays transformed the proverbially gruesome practice of anatomy into an enthralling experience that engaged audiences' senses.

A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age

Bert De Munck,Thomas Max Safley
A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age Book PDF

Author : Bert De Munck,Thomas Max Safley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350078253

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A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age by Bert De Munck,Thomas Max Safley Pdf

Winner of the 2020 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Humanities In the early modern age technological innovations were unimportant relative to political and social transformations. The size of the workforce and the number of wage dependent people increased, due in large part to population growth, but also as a result of changes in the organization of work. The diversity of workplaces in many significant economic sectors was on the rise in the 16th-century: family farming, urban crafts and trades, and large enterprises in mining, printing and shipbuilding. Moreover, the increasing influence of global commerce, as accompanied by local and regional specialization, prompted an increased reliance on forms of under-compensated and non-compensated work which were integral to economic growth. Economic volatility swelled the ranks of the mobile poor, who moved along Europe's roads seeking sustenance, and the endemic warfare of the period prompted young men to sign on as soldiers and sailors. Colonists migrated to Europe's territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, while others were forced overseas as servants, convicts or slaves. The early modern age proved to be a “renaissance” in the political, social and cultural contexts of work which set the stage for the technological developments to come. A Cultural History of Work in the Early Modern Age presents an overview of the period with essays on economies, representations of work, workplaces, work cultures, technology, mobility, society, politics and leisure.

Venice's Secret Service

Ioanna Iordanou
Venice s Secret Service Book PDF

Author : Ioanna Iordanou
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192508836

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Venice's Secret Service by Ioanna Iordanou Pdf

Venice's Secret Service is the untold and arresting story of the world's earliest centrally-organised state intelligence service. Long before the inception of SIS and the CIA, in the period of the Renaissance, the Republic of Venice had masterminded a remarkable centrally-organised state intelligence organisation that played a pivotal role in the defence of the Venetian empire. Housed in the imposing Doge's Palace and under the direction of the Council of Ten, the notorious governmental committee that acted as Venice's spy chiefs, this 'proto-modern' organisation served prominent intelligence functions including operations (intelligence and covert action), analysis, cryptography and steganography, cryptanalysis, and even the development of lethal substances. Official informants and amateur spies were shipped across Europe, Anatolia, and Northern Africa, conducting Venice's stealthy intelligence operations. Revealing a plethora of secrets, their keepers, and their seekers, Venice's Secret Service explores the social and managerial processes that enabled their existence and that furnished the foundation for an extraordinary intelligence organisation created by one of the early modern world's most cosmopolitan states.

In the Land of Marvels

Paola Bertucci
In the Land of Marvels Book PDF

Author : Paola Bertucci
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781421447117

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In the Land of Marvels by Paola Bertucci Pdf

How a journey through Italy casts light on secrets, stereotypes, and the manipulation of information in eighteenth-century science. In 1749, the celebrated French physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet set out on a journey through Italy to solve an international controversy over the medical uses of electricity. At the end of his nine-month tour, he published a highly influential account of his philosophical battle with his Italian counterparts, discrediting them as misguided devotees of the marvelous. Paola Bertucci's In the Land of Marvels brilliantly reveals the mysteries of Nollet's journey, uncovering a subterranean world of secretive and ambitious intelligence gathering masked as scientific inquiry. The advent of electricity was a pivotal phenomenon not only in the history of physical experimentation, but also in the cultivation of popular scientific interest. Nollet's journey was supposedly inspired by the need to investigate, and subsequently report on, claims of the use of electrified "medicated tubes" by their Italian inventor Gianfrancesco Pivati. Motivated by economic interests in the silk industry, Nollet's journey was in fact an undercover mission commissioned by the French state to discover the secrets of Italian silk manufacture and possibly supplant its international success. The event that sparked the medical controversy—the unusual cure of a bishop—was a complete fabrication. Bertucci insightfully contrasts published accounts of the event with private documents and discusses how eighteenth-century scientists published fictional events and results to bolster their careers, ultimately leading to long-lasting misrepresentations of scientific practice and enduring stereotypes. In the Land of Marvels reveals the constellation of historical actors, from reputed physicists to travel writers and electrical amateurs, who manipulated information to gain authority and prestige.

Missionary Scientists

Andres I. Prieto
Missionary Scientists Book PDF

Author : Andres I. Prieto
Publisher : Vanderbilt University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-03-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780826517463

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Missionary Scientists by Andres I. Prieto Pdf

The first scientists of the New World

Secrets and Knowledge in Medicine and Science, 1500–1800

Alisha Rankin
Secrets and Knowledge in Medicine and Science 1500 1800 Book PDF

Author : Alisha Rankin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317058328

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Secrets and Knowledge in Medicine and Science, 1500–1800 by Alisha Rankin Pdf

Secrets played a central role in transformations in medical and scientific knowledge in early modern Europe. As a new fascination with novelty began to take hold from the late fifteenth century, Europeans thirsted for previously unknown details about the natural world: new plants, animals, and other objects from nature, new recipes for medical and alchemical procedures, new knowledge about the human body, and new facts about the way nature worked. These 'secrets' became popular items of commerce and trade, as the quest for new and exclusive bits of information met the vibrant early modern marketplace. Whether disclosed widely in print or kept more circumspect in manuscripts, secrets helped drive an expanding interest in acquiring knowledge throughout early modern Europe. Bringing together international scholars, this volume provides a pan-European and interdisciplinary overview on the topic. Each essay offers significant new interpretations of the role played by secrets in their area of specialization. Chapters address key themes in early modern history and the history of medicine, science and technology including: the possession, circulation and exchange of secret knowledge across Europe; alchemical secrets and laboratory processes; patronage and the upper-class market for secrets; medical secrets and the emerging market for proprietary medicines; secrets and cosmetics; secrets and the body and finally gender and secrets.

Risk: A Study Of Its Origins, History And Politics

Matthias Beck,Beth Kewell
Risk A Study Of Its Origins History And Politics Book PDF

Author : Matthias Beck,Beth Kewell
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789814579292

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Risk: A Study Of Its Origins, History And Politics by Matthias Beck,Beth Kewell Pdf

Over a period of several centuries, the academic study of risk has evolved as a distinct body of thought, which continues to influence conceptual developments in fields such as economics, management, politics and sociology. However, few scholarly works have given a chronological account of cultural and intellectual trends relating to the understanding and analysis of risks. Risk: A Study of its Origins, History and Politics aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed study of key turning points in the evolution of society's understanding of risk. Using a wide range of primary and secondary materials, Matthias Beck and Beth Kewell map the political origins and moral reach of some of the most influential ideas associated with risk and uncertainty at specific periods of time. The historical focus of the book makes it an excellent introduction for readers who wish to go beyond specific risk management techniques and their theoretical underpinnings, to gain an understanding of the history and politics of risk.

Commerce, Citizenship, and Identity in Legal History

Anonim
Commerce Citizenship and Identity in Legal History Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004472860

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Commerce, Citizenship, and Identity in Legal History by Anonim Pdf

Legal historians have analysed the characteristics of merchant guilds and nationes (i.e., associations of foreign merchants), as well as the political clout of merchants, including foreign ones. However, how the legal status of citizens related to the merchant class and how its contents were influenced by trade remains largely unclear.

Quid est secretum?

Ralph Dekoninck,Agnès Guiderdoni,Walter Melion
Quid est secretum Book PDF

Author : Ralph Dekoninck,Agnès Guiderdoni,Walter Melion
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 780 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-10
Category : Art
ISBN : 9789004432260

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Quid est secretum? by Ralph Dekoninck,Agnès Guiderdoni,Walter Melion Pdf

This book examines how secret knowledge was represented visually in ways that both revealed and concealed the true nature of that knowledge, giving and yet impeding access to it.