Outline Of A Nominalist Theory Of Propositions

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Outline of a Nominalist Theory of Propositions

Paul Gochet
Outline of a Nominalist Theory of Propositions Book PDF

Author : Paul Gochet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400989498

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Outline of a Nominalist Theory of Propositions by Paul Gochet Pdf

1. IMPORTANCE OF THE SUBJECT In 1900, in A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leihniz, Russell made the following assertion: "That all sound philosophy should begin with an analysis of propositions is a truth too evident, perhaps, to demand a proof". 1 Forty years later, the interest aroused by this notion had not decreased. C. J. Ducasse wrote in the Journal of Philosophy: "There is perhaps no question more basic for the theory of knowledge than that of the nature of 2 propositions and their relations to judgments, sentences, facts and inferences". Today, the great number of publications on the subject is proof that it is still of interest. One of the problems raised by propositions, the problem of deter mining whether propositions, statements or sentences are the primary bearers of truth and falsity, is even in the eyes of Bar-Hillel, "one of the major items that the future philosophy oflanguage will have to discuss". 3 gave a correct summary of the situation when he wrote in his Ph. Devaux Russell (1967): Since Peano and Schroder who, in fact, adhered more faithfully to Boole's logic of classes, the logical and epistemological status of the proposition together with its analysis have not ceased to be the object of productive philosophical controversies. And especially so since the establishment of contemporary symbolic logic, the foundations 4 of which have been laid out by Russell and Whitehead. * 2.

The Semiotic Sphere

Thomas A. Sebeok,Jean Umiker-Sebeok
The Semiotic Sphere Book PDF

Author : Thomas A. Sebeok,Jean Umiker-Sebeok
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781475702057

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The Semiotic Sphere by Thomas A. Sebeok,Jean Umiker-Sebeok Pdf

Although semiotics has, in one guise or another, ftourished uninterruptedly since pre Socratic times in the West, and important semiotic themes have emerged and devel oped independently in both the Brahmanie and Buddhistic traditions, semiotics as an organized undertaking began to 100m only in the 1960s. Workshops materialized, with a perhaps surprising spontaneity, over much ofEurope-Eastern and Western and in North America. Thereafter, others quickly surfaced almost everywhere over the litera te globe. Different places strategically allied themselves with different lega eies, but all had a common thrust: to aim at a general theory of signs, by way of a description of different sign systems, their comparative analysis, and their classifi cation. More or less permanent confederations were forged with the most diverse academic disciplines, and amazingly varied frameworks were devised-suited to the needs of the times and the sites-to carry the work of consolidation forward. Bit by bit, mutually supportive international networks were put together. Today, it can truly be asserted that semiotics has become a global enterprise. This, of course, is far from saying that the map is uniform or even that world-wide homogeneity is in the least desirable. While our conjoint ultimate goal remains steadily in focus, the multiplicity of avenues available for its realization is inherent in the advent ure of the search itself.

Towards a Theory of Relativity of Truth in Morality and Religion

Charles Goossens
Towards a Theory of Relativity of Truth in Morality and Religion Book PDF

Author : Charles Goossens
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0773497609

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Towards a Theory of Relativity of Truth in Morality and Religion by Charles Goossens Pdf

This study argues for a model in which moral truth is presented as truth in the perspective of certain social commitments, while religious truth is interpreted as truth in the perspective of religious experience. It theorizes that relativity need not conflict with universality. Truth from the perspective of the outsider is, therefore, truth without qualification.

Nominalism and Contemporary Nominalism

M. Gosselin
Nominalism and Contemporary Nominalism Book PDF

Author : M. Gosselin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400921191

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Nominalism and Contemporary Nominalism by M. Gosselin Pdf

Though the subject of this work, "nominalism and contemporary nom inalism", is philosophical, it cannot be fully treated without relating it to data gathered from a great variety of domains, such as biology and more especially ethology, psychology, linguistics and neurobiology. The source of inspiration has been an academic work I wrote in order to obtain a postdoctoral degree, which is called in Belgium an "Aggregaat voor het Hoger Onderwijs" comparable to a "Habilitation" in Germany. I want to thank the National Fund of Scientific Research, which accorded me several grants and thereby enabled me to write the academic work in the first place and thereafter this book. I also want to thank Prof. SJ. Doorman (Technical University of Delft) and Prof. G. Nuchelmans (University of Leiden), who were members of the jury of the "Aggre gaatsthesis", presented to the Free University of Brussels in 1981 and who by their criticisms and suggestions encouraged me to write the present book, the core of which is constituted by the general ideas then formulated. I am further obliged to Mr. X, the referee who was asked by Jaakko Hintikka to read my work and who made a series of constructive remarks and recom mendations. My colleague Marc De Mey (University of Ghent) helped me greatly with the more formal aspects of my work and spent too much of his valuable time and energy to enable me to deliver a presentable copy. All remaining shortcomings are entirely my responsibility. I asked Prof.

Logical Thinking in the Pyramidal Schema of Concepts: The Logical and Mathematical Elements

Lutz Geldsetzer,Richard L. Schwartz
Logical Thinking in the Pyramidal Schema of Concepts The Logical and Mathematical Elements Book PDF

Author : Lutz Geldsetzer,Richard L. Schwartz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400753013

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Logical Thinking in the Pyramidal Schema of Concepts: The Logical and Mathematical Elements by Lutz Geldsetzer,Richard L. Schwartz Pdf

This new volume on logic follows a recognizable format that deals in turn with the topics of mathematical logic, moving from concepts, via definitions and inferences, to theories and axioms. However, this fresh work offers a key innovation in its ‘pyramidal’ graph system for the logical formalization of all these items. The author has developed this new methodology on the basis of original research, traditional logical instruments such as Porphyrian trees, and modern concepts of classification, in which pyramids are the central organizing concept. The pyramidal schema enables both the content of concepts and the relations between the concept positions in the pyramid to be read off from the graph. Logical connectors are analyzed in terms of the direction in which they connect within the pyramid. Additionally, the author shows that logical connectors are of fundamentally different types: only one sort generates propositions with truth values, while the other yields conceptual expressions or complex concepts. On this basis, strong arguments are developed against adopting the non-discriminating connector definitions implicit in Wittgensteinian truth-value tables. Special consideration is given to mathematical connectors so as to illuminate the formation of concepts in the natural sciences. To show what the pyramidal method can contribute to science, a pyramid of the number concepts prevalent in mathematics is constructed. The book also counters the logical dogma of ‘false’ contradictory propositions and sheds new light on the logical characteristics of probable propositions, as well as on syllogistic and other inferences.

Probability Theory

Vincent F. Hendricks,Stig Andur Pedersen,Klaus Frovin Jørgensen
Probability Theory Book PDF

Author : Vincent F. Hendricks,Stig Andur Pedersen,Klaus Frovin Jørgensen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2001-06-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0792369521

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Probability Theory by Vincent F. Hendricks,Stig Andur Pedersen,Klaus Frovin Jørgensen Pdf

A collection of papers presented at the conference on Probability Theory - Philosophy, Recent History and Relations to Science, University of Roskilde, Denmark, September 16-18, 1998. Since the measure theoretical definition of probability was proposed by Kolmogorov, probability theory has developed into a mature mathematical theory. It is today a fruitful field of mathematics that has important applications in philosophy, science, engineering, and many other areas. The measure theoretical definition of probability and its axioms, however, are not without their problems; some of them even puzzled Kolmogorov. This book sheds light on some recent discussions of the problems in probability theory and their history, analysing their philosophical and mathematical significance, and the role pf mathematical probability theory in other sciences.

Theoretical Knowledge

Vi︠a︡cheslav Semenovich Stepin
Theoretical Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Vi︠a︡cheslav Semenovich Stepin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1402030452

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Theoretical Knowledge by Vi︠a︡cheslav Semenovich Stepin Pdf

He shows direct and inverse links between foundations of science and new theories and empirical facts evolved from those, how among many potentially possible histories of science a culture selects just those directions which become a real history of science. The author analyses mechanisms of the generation of scientific theories and shows that those are changed in the process of historical development of science. He displays three historical types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical, which appears in modern science) and shows features of their coexistence and interplay. It is shown that along with the emerging of post-non-classical rationality science increases the sphere of its worldview applications. Science begins to correlate not only with the basic values of technogenic civilization but also with some values and patterns of traditional cultures.

Real Numbers, Generalizations of the Reals, and Theories of Continua

P. Ehrlich
Real Numbers Generalizations of the Reals and Theories of Continua Book PDF

Author : P. Ehrlich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789401582483

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Real Numbers, Generalizations of the Reals, and Theories of Continua by P. Ehrlich Pdf

Since their appearance in the late 19th century, the Cantor--Dedekind theory of real numbers and philosophy of the continuum have emerged as pillars of standard mathematical philosophy. On the other hand, this period also witnessed the emergence of a variety of alternative theories of real numbers and corresponding theories of continua, as well as non-Archimedean geometry, non-standard analysis, and a number of important generalizations of the system of real numbers, some of which have been described as arithmetic continua of one type or another. With the exception of E.W. Hobson's essay, which is concerned with the ideas of Cantor and Dedekind and their reception at the turn of the century, the papers in the present collection are either concerned with or are contributions to, the latter groups of studies. All the contributors are outstanding authorities in their respective fields, and the essays, which are directed to historians and philosophers of mathematics as well as to mathematicians who are concerned with the foundations of their subject, are preceded by a lengthy historical introduction.

Theory and Experiment

Diderik Batens,Jean-Paul van Bendegem
Theory and Experiment Book PDF

Author : Diderik Batens,Jean-Paul van Bendegem
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400928756

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Theory and Experiment by Diderik Batens,Jean-Paul van Bendegem Pdf

This is not "another collection of contributions on a traditional subject." Even more than we dared to expect during the preparatory stages, the papers in this volume prove that our thinking about science has taken a new turn and has reached a new stage. The progressive destruction of the received view has been a fascinating and healthy experience. At present, the period of destruction is over. A richer and more equilibrated analysis of a number of problems is possible and is being cru'ried out. In this sense, this book comes right on time. We owe a lot to the scholars of the Kuhnian period. They not only did away with obstacles, but in several respects instigated a shift in attention that changed history and philosophy of science in a irreversible way. A c1earcut example - we borrow it from the paper by Risto Hilpinen - concerns the study of science as a process, Rnd not only as a result. Moreover, they apparently reached several lasting results, e.g., concerning the tremendous impact of theoretical conceptions on empirical data. Apart from baffling people for several decades, this insight rules out an other return to simple-minded empiricism in the future.

Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic

Susan Haack
Deviant Logic Fuzzy Logic Book PDF

Author : Susan Haack
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1996-12-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226311333

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Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic by Susan Haack Pdf

Initially proposed as rivals of classical logic, alternative logics have become increasingly important in areas such as computer science and artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic, in particular, has motivated major technological developments in recent years. Susan Haack's Deviant Logic provided the first extended examination of the philosophical consequences of alternative logics. In this new volume, Haack includes the complete text of Deviant Logic, as well as five additional papers that expand and update it. Two of these essays critique fuzzy logic, while three augment Deviant Logic's treatment of deduction and logical truth. Haack also provides an extensive new foreword, brief introductions to the new essays, and an updated bibliography of recent work in these areas. Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic will be indispensable to students of philosophy, philosophy of science, linguistics, mathematics, and computer science, and will also prove invaluable to experienced scholars working in these fields.

Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics

Marina Sbisà,Jan-Ola Östman,Jef Verschueren
Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics Book PDF

Author : Marina Sbisà,Jan-Ola Östman,Jef Verschueren
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-19
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027289131

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Philosophical Perspectives for Pragmatics by Marina Sbisà,Jan-Ola Östman,Jef Verschueren Pdf

The ten volumes of Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific cognitive, grammatical, social, cultural, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this 10th volume focuses on the interface between pragmatics and philosophy and reviews the philosophical background from which pragmatics has taken inspiration and with which it is constantly confronted. It provides the reader with information about authors relevant to the development of pragmatics, trends or areas in philosophy that are relevant for the definition of the main concepts in pragmatics or the characterization of its cultural context, the neighbouring field of semantics (with particular respect to truth-conditional semantics and some main branches of formal semantics), and recent philosophical debates that involve pragmatic notions such as indexicality and context. While most of the references are to the analytic philosophical field, also perspectives in so-called continental philosophy are taken into account. The introductory chapter outlines some unifying routes of reflection as regards meaning, speech as action, and self and mind, and suggests some connections between doing pragmatics and doing philosophy.

Scientific Progress

Craig Dilworth
Scientific Progress Book PDF

Author : Craig Dilworth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2007-09-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402063541

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Scientific Progress by Craig Dilworth Pdf

Kuhn and Feyerabend formulated the problem, Dilworth provides the solution. In the fourth edition of this highly original book, Craig Dilworth answers the questions raised by the incommensurability thesis. Logical empiricism cannot account for theory conflict. Popperianism cannot account for how one theory is a progression beyond another. Dilworth’s Perspectivist conception of science covers both bases with a concept of scientific progress based on both rationalism and empiricism.

Explanation

Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover
Explanation Book PDF

Author : Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401597319

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Explanation by Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover Pdf

For some years we have been conducting at the University of Haifa an interdisciplinary seminar on explanation in philosophy and psychology. We habitually begin the seminar with some philosophical reflections on explanation - an analysis of the concept and its metaphysical underpinnings. We discuss the various models and proceed to examine explanation in the setting of psychology. Thus, from the outset, we have focused not only on the concept itself but also on its application. The objective that we have set for the seminar, attended by students from both departments, Philosophy and Psychology, has been a critical understanding of the concept of explanation, its use and limitations. We were keen on deepening our understanding of the concept and on exploring its applications in fields of knowledge other than psychology. This was the motivation for convening an international conference on explanation and its application. The conference took place in the spring of 1998 under the auspices of the University of Haifa. The present book is the fruit of this meeting. The reader should note that the second part of the Introduction presents a detailed analytical account of the book. We hope that this overview will facilitate efficient use of the book by directing the reader's attention to those issues that might be of interest to him or her.

Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics

Marcin Trepczyński
Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics Book PDF

Author : Marcin Trepczyński
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004445956

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Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics by Marcin Trepczyński Pdf

Philosophical Approaches to the Foundations of Logic and Mathematics consists of eleven articles addressing various aspects of the "roots" of logic and mathematics, their basic concepts and the mechanisms that work in the practice of their use.

The Dynamics of Thought

Peter Gardenfors
The Dynamics of Thought Book PDF

Author : Peter Gardenfors
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2005-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1402033982

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The Dynamics of Thought by Peter Gardenfors Pdf

This volume is a collection of some of the most important philosophical papers by Peter Gärdenfors. Spanning a period of more than 20 years of his research, they cover a wide ground of topics, from early works on decision theory, belief revision and nonmonotonic logic to more recent work on conceptual spaces, inductive reasoning, semantics and the evolutions of thinking. Many of the papers have only been published in places that are difficult to access. The common theme of all the papers is the dynamics of thought. Several of the papers have become minor classics and the volume bears witness of the wide scope of Gärdenfors’ research and of his crisp and often witty style of writing. The volume will be of interest to researchers in philosophy and other cognitive sciences.