Outsider Scientists

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Outsider Scientists

Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich
Outsider Scientists Book PDF

Author : Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226078540

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Outsider Scientists by Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich Pdf

Outsider Scientists describes the transformative role played by “outsiders” in the growth of the modern life sciences. Biology, which occupies a special place between the exact and human sciences, has historically attracted many thinkers whose primary training was in other fields: mathematics, physics, chemistry, linguistics, philosophy, history, anthropology, engineering, and even literature. These outsiders brought with them ideas and tools that were foreign to biology, but which, when applied to biological problems, helped to bring about dramatic, and often surprising, breakthroughs. This volume brings together eighteen thought-provoking biographical essays of some of the most remarkable outsiders of the modern era, each written by an authority in the respective field. From Noam Chomsky using linguistics to answer questions about brain architecture, to Erwin Schrödinger contemplating DNA as a physicist would, to Drew Endy tinkering with Biobricks to create new forms of synthetic life, the outsiders featured here make clear just how much there is to gain from disrespecting conventional boundaries. Innovation, it turns out, often relies on importing new ideas from other fields. Without its outsiders, modern biology would hardly be recognizable.

The Outsider’S Guide to Ufos

James T. Abbott
The Outsider S Guide to Ufos Book PDF

Author : James T. Abbott
Publisher : Archway Publishing
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-05
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781480854574

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The Outsider’S Guide to Ufos by James T. Abbott Pdf

What exactly is impossible in this universe? The Outsiders Guide to UFOs is for anyone for whom the UFO thing is enduringly fascinating but bafflingly complex. It cuts out all the smoke and mirrors and focuses on core questions like what are UFOs, how long have they been around, and are they hoaxes, figments of the imagination, or real? Author James Abbott is a highly experienced researcher who has spent years studying this timeless debate as an outsider. With no vested interests, he presents all sides of the story without fear or favour. Read about 40 of the most important UFO cases 9 official projects and reports on the subject 13 fascinatingly strange UFO characteristics 20 possible explanations for UFOs the very best photo and video evidence The Outsiders Guide to UFOs explains why there may be up to 3,000 totally inexplicable UFO sightings every year around the world. It also discusses four mind-blowing theories about UFOs, clarifies the background, simplifies the main questions, and presents evidence and counter-evidence about the mysterious things we see in the sky. More importantly, it recommends straightforward action to settle the UFO question once and for all.

The Sociology of Science

Robert K. Merton
The Sociology of Science Book PDF

Author : Robert K. Merton
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226520926

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The Sociology of Science by Robert K. Merton Pdf

"The exploration of the social conditions that facilitate or retard the search for scientific knowledge has been the major theme of Robert K. Merton's work for forty years. This collection of papers [is] a fascinating overview of this sustained inquiry. . . . There are very few other books in sociology . . . with such meticulous scholarship, or so elegant a style. This collection of papers is, and is likely to remain for a long time, one of the most important books in sociology."—Joseph Ben-David, New York Times Book Review "The novelty of the approach, the erudition and elegance, and the unusual breadth of vision make this volume one of the most important contributions to sociology in general and to the sociology of science in particular. . . . Merton's Sociology of Science is a magisterial summary of the field."—Yehuda Elkana, American Journal of Sociology "Merton's work provides a rich feast for any scientist concerned for a genuine understanding of his own professional self. And Merton's industry, integrity, and humility are permanent witnesses to that ethos which he has done so much to define and support."—J. R. Ravetz, American Scientist "The essays not only exhibit a diverse and penetrating analysis and a deal of historical and contemporary examples, with concrete numerical data, but also make genuinely good reading because of the wit, the liveliness and the rich learning with which Merton writes."—Philip Morrison, Scientific American "Merton's impact on sociology as a whole has been large, and his impact on the sociology of science has been so momentous that the title of the book is apt, because Merton's writings represent modern sociology of science more than any other single writer."—Richard McClintock, Contemporary Sociology

The Outsider's Edge

Brent D. Taylor
The Outsider s Edge Book PDF

Author : Brent D. Taylor
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781742169088

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The Outsider's Edge by Brent D. Taylor Pdf

The secret of extreme wealth creation The Outsider's Edge reveals the one common denominator the world's richest self-made people share. Studying the lives of 17 world-famous billionaires, author and researcher Brent Taylor discovered that their one shared experience is that of the outsider. From Bill Gates to Richard Branson to Warren Buffett, being different from their peers, and proud of it, has served as prime motivation for many of the world's most spectacularly successful people. Turning the conventional wisdom about wealth on its head, The Outsider's Edge reveals the true value and importance of being different. Brent Taylor (Australia) is a professional researcher who has worked for more than 20 years as a market researcher to government and corporations.

Outsider Theory

Jonathan Eburne
Outsider Theory Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Eburne
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 555 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781452958255

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Outsider Theory by Jonathan Eburne Pdf

A vital and timely reminder that modern life owes as much to outlandish thinking as to dominant ideologies What do the Nag Hammadi library, Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code, speculative feminist historiography, Marcus Garvey’s finances, and maps drawn by asylum patients have in common? Jonathan P. Eburne explores this question as never before in Outsider Theory, a timely book about outlandish ideas. Eburne brings readers on an adventure in intellectual history that stresses the urgency of taking seriously—especially in an era of fake news—ideas that might otherwise be discarded or regarded as errant, unfashionable, or even unreasonable. Examining the role of such thinking in contemporary intellectual history, Eburne challenges the categorical demarcation of good ideas from flawed, wild, or bad ones, addressing the surprising extent to which speculative inquiry extends beyond the work of professional intellectuals to include that of nonprofessionals as well, whether amateurs, unfashionable observers, or the clinically insane. Considering the work of a variety of such figures—from popular occult writers and gnostics to so-called outsider artists and pseudoscientists—Eburne argues that an understanding of its circulation and recirculation is indispensable to the history of ideas. He devotes close attention to ideas and texts usually omitted from or marginalized within orthodox histories of literary modernism, critical theory, and continental philosophy, yet which have long garnered the critical attention of specialists in religion, science studies, critical race theory, and the history of the occult. In doing so he not only sheds new light on a fascinating body of creative thought but also proposes new approaches for situating contemporary humanities scholarship within the history of ideas. However important it might be to protect ourselves from “bad” ideas, Outsider Theory shows how crucial it is for us to know how and why such ideas have left their impression on modern-day thinking and continue to shape its evolution.

Writing Computer and Information History

William Aspray
Writing Computer and Information History Book PDF

Author : William Aspray
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781538183823

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Writing Computer and Information History by William Aspray Pdf

This is not a book about the history of computing or the history of information. Instead, it is a meta-historical book about the research and writing of these types of history. The formal presentation of historical research in the form of a publication often hides the process by which the topic was selected, boundaries were drawn, evidence was selected, analytic approach was chosen and applied, results were presented, how this work fits into a larger body of scholarship, the implicit goals and biases of the author, and many other similar issues. This process of learning about the various ways to carry out computer history or information history can be enriched by this collection of reflective essays by experienced scholars, discussing the craft that they practice. This is a book that concerns both computer history and information history. The first scholarship in computer history by professionally trained scholars began to appear in the 1970s, so we are approaching a half century of research and publication in this area. The field has generated numerous pieces of exemplary scholarship from various perspectives such as intellectual history of individual technologies, business histories of firms, economic histories of market sectors, externalist histories of funding and professionalization, and so on. However, the field continues to evolve, especially as computing and communication technologies have drawn together in the form of the Internet and social media; and with them a new set of scholars is participating, drawn not only from the history of science and technology, but also from the communication and media studies fields. Powerful theories, approaches, and frameworks are being increasingly drawn more widely from both the humanities and the social sciences to inform the practice of computer history. The scholars in this volume look at what’s happened, what’s happening now, and where historical scholarship in these disciplines is headed.

Future-Proof Science

Peter Vickers
Future Proof Science Book PDF

Author : Peter Vickers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-02-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780192862730

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Future-Proof Science by Peter Vickers Pdf

Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics - those who spread doubt about science - often employ a simple argument: scientists were 'sure' in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against this potentially dangerous scepticism. Indeed, we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. Peter Vickers argues that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95% of that community would describe the claim as a 'scientific fact'. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.

The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion

Russell T. McCutcheon
The Insider Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion Book PDF

Author : Russell T. McCutcheon
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1999-01-07
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781441115782

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The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion by Russell T. McCutcheon Pdf

Thirty classic and contemporary readings - from such writers as Kant, Hume, Schleiermacher, and Otto, to Ninian Smart, Mircea Eliade, Karen McCarthy-Brown, and Wendy Doniger.

Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences

Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich
Dreamers Visionaries and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226570075

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Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences by Oren Harman,Michael R. Dietrich Pdf

What are the conditions that foster true novelty and allow visionaries to set their eyes on unknown horizons? What have been the challenges that have spawned new innovations, and how have they shaped modern biology? In Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences, editors Oren Harman and Michael R. Dietrich explore these questions through the lives of eighteen exemplary biologists who had grand and often radical ideas that went far beyond the run-of-the-mill science of their peers. From the Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who coined the word “biology” in the early nineteenth century, to the American James Lovelock, for whom the Earth is a living, breathing organism, these dreamers innovated in ways that forced their contemporaries to reexamine comfortable truths. With this collection readers will follow Jane Goodall into the hidden world of apes in African jungles and Francis Crick as he attacks the problem of consciousness. Join Mary Lasker on her campaign to conquer cancer and follow geneticist George Church as he dreams of bringing back woolly mammoths and Neanderthals. In these lives and the many others featured in these pages, we discover visions that were sometimes fantastical, quixotic, and even threatening and destabilizing, but always a challenge to the status quo.

An Outsider's Guide to Humans

Camilla Pang PhD
An Outsider s Guide to Humans Book PDF

Author : Camilla Pang PhD
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781984881649

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An Outsider's Guide to Humans by Camilla Pang PhD Pdf

WINNER OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE An instruction manual for life, love, and relationships by a brilliant young scientist whose Asperger's syndrome allows her--and us--to see ourselves in a different way...and to be better at being human Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder at the age of eight, Camilla Pang struggled to understand the world around her. Desperate for a solution, she asked her mother if there was an instruction manual for humans that she could consult. With no blueprint to life, Pang began to create her own, using the language she understands best: science. That lifelong project eventually resulted in An Outsider's Guide to Humans, an original and incisive exploration of human nature and the strangeness of social norms, written from the outside looking in--which is helpful to even the most neurotypical thinker. Camilla Pang uses a set of scientific principles to examine life's everyday interactions: - How machine learning can help us sift through data and make more rational decisions - How proteins form strong bonds, and what they teach us about embracing individual differences to form diverse groups - Why understanding thermodynamics is the key to seeking balance over seeking perfection - How prisms refracting light can keep us from getting overwhelmed by our fears and anxieties, breaking them into manageable and separate "wavelengths" Pang's unique perspective of the world tells us so much about ourselves--who we are and why we do the things we do--and is a fascinating guide to living a happier and more connected life.

Constructing the Social System

Bernard Barber
Constructing the Social System Book PDF

Author : Bernard Barber
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000675221

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Constructing the Social System by Bernard Barber Pdf

Barber constructs a provisional, generalized, substantive theory of the social system, which he uses as the starting point and focus of his specialized researches. In this collection of his major writings in social system theory, Barber shows how he has used and developed such a framework over the last fifty years and demonstrates the application o

Cathedrals of Science

Patrick Coffey
Cathedrals of Science Book PDF

Author : Patrick Coffey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2008-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780199886548

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Cathedrals of Science by Patrick Coffey Pdf

In Cathedrals of Science, Patrick Coffey describes how chemistry got its modern footing-how thirteen brilliant men and one woman struggled with the laws of the universe and with each other. They wanted to discover how the world worked, but they also wanted credit for making those discoveries, and their personalities often affected how that credit was assigned. Gilbert Lewis, for example, could be reclusive and resentful, and his enmity with Walther Nernst may have cost him the Nobel Prize; Irving Langmuir, gregarious and charming, "rediscovered" Lewis's theory of the chemical bond and received much of the credit for it. Langmuir's personality smoothed his path to the Nobel Prize over Lewis. Coffey deals with moral and societal issues as well. These same scientists were the first to be seen by their countries as military assets. Fritz Haber, dubbed the "father of chemical warfare," pioneered the use of poison gas in World War I-vividly described-and Glenn Seaborg and Harold Urey were leaders in World War II's Manhattan Project; Urey and Linus Pauling worked for nuclear disarmament after the war. Science was not always fair, and many were excluded. The Nazis pushed Jewish scientists like Haber from their posts in the 1930s. Anti-Semitism was also a force in American chemistry, and few women were allowed in; Pauling, for example, used his influence to cut off the funding and block the publications of his rival, Dorothy Wrinch. Cathedrals of Science paints a colorful portrait of the building of modern chemistry from the late 19th to the mid-20th century.

Alaric the Goth: An Outsider's History of the Fall of Rome

Douglas Boin
Alaric the Goth An Outsider s History of the Fall of Rome Book PDF

Author : Douglas Boin
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780393635706

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Alaric the Goth: An Outsider's History of the Fall of Rome by Douglas Boin Pdf

Denied citizenship by the Roman Empire, a soldier named Alaric changed history by unleashing a surprise attack on the capital city of an unjust empire. Stigmatized and relegated to the margins of Roman society, the Goths were violent “barbarians” who destroyed “civilization,” at least in the conventional story of Rome’s collapse. But a slight shift of perspective brings their history, and ours, shockingly alive. Alaric grew up near the river border that separated Gothic territory from Roman. He survived a border policy that separated migrant children from their parents, and he was denied benefits he likely expected from military service. Romans were deeply conflicted over who should enjoy the privileges of citizenship. They wanted to buttress their global power, but were insecure about Roman identity; they depended on foreign goods, but scoffed at and denied foreigners their own voices and humanity. In stark contrast to the rising bigotry, intolerance, and zealotry among Romans during Alaric’s lifetime, the Goths, as practicing Christians, valued religious pluralism and tolerance. The marginalized Goths, marked by history as frightening harbingers of destruction and of the Dark Ages, preserved virtues of the ancient world that we take for granted. The three nights of riots Alaric and the Goths brought to the capital struck fear into the hearts of the powerful, but the riots were not without cause. Combining vivid storytelling and historical analysis, Douglas Boin reveals the Goths’ complex and fascinating legacy in shaping our world.

Technocracy and the Epistemology of Human Behavior

Paul Gunn
Technocracy and the Epistemology of Human Behavior Book PDF

Author : Paul Gunn
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-11-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000784053

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Technocracy and the Epistemology of Human Behavior by Paul Gunn Pdf

In Power Without Knowledge: A Critique of Technocracy (2019), Jeffrey Friedman presented a sweeping reinterpretation of modern politics and government as technocratic, even in many of its democratic dimensions. Building on a new definition of technocracy as governance aimed at solving social and economic problems, Friedman showed that the epistemic demands that such governance places on political elites and ordinary people alike may be overwhelming if technocrats fail to attend to the ideational heterogeneity of the human beings whose control is the object of technocratic power. Yet a recognition of ideational heterogeneity considerably complicates the task of predicting behavior, which is essential to technocratic control—as Friedman demonstrated with pathbreaking critiques of the homogenizing strategies of neoclassical economics, positivist social science, behavioral economics, and populist democratic politics. In Technocracy and the Epistemology of Human Behavior, thirteen political theorists, including Friedman himself, debate the implications of Power Without Knowledge for social science, modern governance, the politics of expertise, post-structuralism, anarchism, and democratic theory; and Friedman responds to his critics with an expansive defense of his vision of contemporary politics and his political epistemology of ideationally diverse human beings. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Critical Review.

On Social Structure and Science

Robert K. Merton
On Social Structure and Science Book PDF

Author : Robert K. Merton
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226520711

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On Social Structure and Science by Robert K. Merton Pdf

Robert K. Merton is unarguably one of the most influential sociologists of his time. A figure whose wide-ranging theoretical and methodological contributions have become fundamental to the field, Merton is best known for introducing such concepts and procedures as unanticipated consequences, self-fulfilling prophecies, focused group interviews, middle-range theory, opportunity structure, and analytic paradigms. This definitive compilation encompasses the breadth and brilliance of his works, from the earliest to the most recent. Merton's foundational writings on social structure and process, on the sociology of science and knowledge, and on the discipline and trajectory of sociology itself are all powerfully represented, as are his autobiographical insights in a fascinating coda. Anchored by Piotr Sztompka's contextualizing introduction, Merton's vast oeuvre emerges as a dynamic and profoundly coherent system of thought, a constant source of vitality and renewal for present and future sociology.