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Introduction -- Defining the public interest in the US and European patent systems -- Confronting the questions of life-form patentability -- Commodification, animal dignity, and patent-system publics -- Forging new patent politics through the human embryonic stem cell debates -- Human genes, plants, and the distributive implications of patents -- Conclusion
Patenting Lives includes contributions from various interests and perspectives, both in the context of current international developments in life patents and the global agenda of harmonization of international intellectual property. The book is divided into five sections reflecting the critical issues arising from patents and biotechnology - Context; Human Rights and Ethical Frameworks; Medicine and Public Health; Traditional Knowledge; and Agriculture. The international contributors from government, civil society, academia and the private sector provide diverse perspectives on life patents and the facilitation of social, cultural and economic development in the context of international principles of trade.
Patenting Life Forms : Law and Practice by Nijar, Gurdial Singh Pdf
The advent of modern biotechnology has seen the proliferation of the use of life forms for the creation of products. In tandem with this development, patent over life forms have grown proportionately as the biotechnology industry seeks to protect its investment. This has spawned a debate about the propriety of patenting life forms. This book explores the issues surrounding such patenting. There is a need to identify the reasons for the growth of such patenting, the issues raised, the concerns dealing with such patenting and the way in which countries, especially leading patent countries have sought to resolve the competing views.
Patenting Life by Office of Technology Assessment,United States Congress Pdf
Since the discovery of recombinant DNA technology in the early 1970s, biotechnology has become an essential tool for many researchers and industries. The potential of biotechnology has spurred the creative genius of inventors seeking to improve the Nation's health, food supply, and environment. In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that a living micro-organism could be patented. Subsequently, the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office held that certain types of plant and animal life constituted patentable subject matter. This special report, prepared by the Office of Technology Assessment of the United States Congress under, reviews U. S. patent law as it relates to the patentability of micro-organisms, cells, plants, and animals; as well as specific areas of concern, including deposit requirements and international considerations. The report includes a range of options for congressional action related to the patenting of animals, intellectual property protection for plants, and enablement of patents involving biological material.
"This report reviews U.S. patent law as it relates to the patentability of micro-organisms, cells, plants, and animals; as well as specific areas of concern, including deposit requirements and international considerations"--Foreword.
Author : Daniel J. Kevles Publisher : Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Commission Page : 96 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2002 Category : Animals ISBN : UVA:X004620623
A History of Patenting Life in the United States with Comparative Attention to Europe and Canada by Daniel J. Kevles Pdf
Recoge: 1. patents and products of nature - 2. The plant patent act - 3. The Chakrabarty case - 4. Plant and animal patents - 5. Ethics and economics - 6. Ethics and Europe - 7. Echoes in Canada - 8. Gene patenting.
Biotechnological Inventions and Patentability of Life by Andrea Stazi Pdf
In todayês technological world, biotechnology is one of the most innovative and highly invested-in industries for research, in the field of science. This book analyses the forms and limitations of patent protection recognition for biotechnological inve
Reviews U.S. patent law as it relates to the patentability of micro-organisms, cells, plants, and animals; as well as specific areas of concern, including deposit requirements and international considerations. Includes a range of options for congressional action related to the patenting of animals, intellectual property protection for plants, and enablement of patents involving biological material. Maps, charts, graphs, black and white photos.
Over the past thirty years, the world’s patent systems have experienced pressure from civil society like never before. From farmers to patient advocates, new voices are arguing that patents impact public health, economic inequality, morality—and democracy. These challenges, to domains that we usually consider technical and legal, may seem surprising. But in Patent Politics, Shobita Parthasarathy argues that patent systems have always been deeply political and social. To demonstrate this, Parthasarathy takes readers through a particularly fierce and prolonged set of controversies over patents on life forms linked to important advances in biology and agriculture and potentially life-saving medicines. Comparing battles over patents on animals, human embryonic stem cells, human genes, and plants in the United States and Europe, she shows how political culture, ideology, and history shape patent system politics. Clashes over whose voices and which values matter in the patent system, as well as what counts as knowledge and whose expertise is important, look quite different in these two places. And through these debates, the United States and Europe are developing very different approaches to patent and innovation governance. Not just the first comprehensive look at the controversies swirling around biotechnology patents, Patent Politics is also the first in-depth analysis of the political underpinnings and implications of modern patent systems, and provides a timely analysis of how we can reform these systems around the world to maximize the public interest.
