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Author : Gregory J. Kirmeyer Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 286 pages File Size : 52,7 Mb Release : 2001 Category : Drinking water ISBN : 9781583211021
Pathogen Intrusion Into the Distribution System by Gregory J. Kirmeyer Pdf
Reports on a project that identifies pathogen routes of entry into water distribution systems and develops monitoring and control strategies for protecting the system. Contains chapters on pathogens and pathways, existing control strategies, transient surge modeling, pressure monitoring, field monitoring, recommended control strategies, and recommendations to utilities. The project was completed by a multi-disciplinary team of engineers and practitioners with funding from the American Water Works Association Research Foundation and the Environmental Protection Agency. The book is not indexed. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 405 pages File Size : 51,8 Mb Release : 2007-01-22 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309103060
Drinking Water Distribution Systems by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Public Water Supply Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks Pdf
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author : Hé́lène Baribeau Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 324 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 2005 Category : Water ISBN : 9781583214107
Impact of Distribution System Water Quality on Disinfection Efficacy by Hé́lène Baribeau Pdf
Assesses the impact of dynamic water quality conditions in the distribution system on the inactivation of microorganisms in bulk water. Addresses questions about the usefulness of maintaining a secondary residual and the target level to be maintained. Bridges research related to distribution system water quality with that of microbial inactivation.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 291 pages File Size : 51,8 Mb Release : 2020-02-20 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309493857
Management of Legionella in Water Systems by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Life Sciences,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Management of Legionella in Water Systems Pdf
Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.
Author : J. Clement,J. Powell,M Brandt Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 132 pages File Size : 51,5 Mb Release : 2005-04-30 Category : Science ISBN : 9781843399131
Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems by J. Clement,J. Powell,M Brandt Pdf
There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: Academics and scientists - chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. Practitioners - modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. Researchers often focus on modeling the individual processes that control water quality rather than fully modeling water quality throughout distribution systems. For these "process models" to be applied to real distribution networks, they need to be extended to take in account the physical characteristics of the system?the special and temporal variations in flow, velocity and water age, and the effects of mixing water that has traveled along different flow paths.
Water Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems by Mirjam Blokker,Joost Van Summeren,Vanessa Speight Pdf
Safe drinking water is paramount for the health and wellbeing of all human populations. Water is extracted from surface and groundwater sources and treated to comply with drinking water standards. The water is then circulated through the drinking water distribution system (DWDS). Within the DWDS, water quality can deteriorate due to microbiological growth, chemical reactions, interactions with ageing and deteriorating infrastructure, and through maintenance and repair activities. Some DWDS actions may serve to improve water quality; however, these can adversely impact the drinking water system and cause instances of poor water quality or disease outbreaks. We invited papers covering examinations of DWDS design and operational practices and their impact on water quality. We received papers based on practical research in real DWDS and laboratory test facilities. We also received papers on novel modelling approaches. A wide range of water quality aspects was gathered, including temperature, disinfection, bacterial communities and biofilm, (fecal) contamination and QMRA, and the effects of flushing and intermittent supply.
Author : Gregory J. Kirmeyer,AWWA Research Foundation Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 410 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2002 Category : Water ISBN : 9781583211861
Guidance Manual for Monitoring Distribution System Water Quality by Gregory J. Kirmeyer,AWWA Research Foundation Pdf
Provides guidelines for developing a water quality monitoring program specific to the distribution system of a water utility. The report identifies monitoring objectives, addresses common program design issues, and develops protocols for monitoring programs. Topics include nitrification, booster chl
Author : Graham A. Gagnon Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 164 pages File Size : 46,8 Mb Release : 2007 Category : Drinking water ISBN : 9781583215418
Coliforms in Distribution Systems by Graham A. Gagnon Pdf
The objective of this project is to understand the potential mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli and opportunistic pathogens under disinfection conditions. The project involves molecular techniques to understand genetic changes in biofilm and suspended bacteria in response to different disinfectant conditions. It examines the effects of using single chemical disinfectants (free chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide) compared with UV light pretreatment, as well as the impact of pipe material (polycarbonate or cast iron) and E. coli mutations. Field studies include both surface water and groundwater.
Author : Gregory J. Kirmeyer Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 380 pages File Size : 54,8 Mb Release : 2000 Category : Water ISBN : 9781583210741
Guidance Manual for Maintaining Distribution System Water Quality by Gregory J. Kirmeyer Pdf
The report of multi-disciplinary team of engineers and practitioners from a research project commissioned by the Association to create a resource to help water utilities operate and maintain water distributions systems to prevent water quality from deteriorating. They look at prevention programs, qu
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 259 pages File Size : 49,9 Mb Release : 2004-09-23 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789241562591
Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water by World Health Organization Pdf
Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world, some of which have the ability to infect animals, birds and humans and have evolved mechanisms by which they can invade and grow within host cells, the pathogenic environmental mycobacteria (PEM). Although the diseases caused by these organisms have been known for many years, it is only recently that the potential significance of PEM as a waterborne pathogen has been appreciated. This publication discusses current knowledge about the distribution of PEM in water and other parts of the environment, the routes of transmission that lead to human infection, the most significant disease symptoms that can follow infection, methods of analysis and detection, the control of PEM in drinking-water and the assessment and management of risks.
Author : Kala K. Fleming Publisher : American Water Works Association Page : 140 pages File Size : 53,6 Mb Release : 2006 Category : Water ISBN : 9781583215111
Susceptibility of Distribution Systems to Negative Pressure Transients by Kala K. Fleming Pdf
Low or negative pressure transients (also called surge or water hammer) create temporary opportunities for external chemical and microbial contaminants at higher pressure to enter the water distribution system, creating potential health hazard and potential weakening of distribution pipes, leading to failure. This study investigates how such events as power outages, pump shutdowns, valve operations, main flushing, firefighting, and main breaks can create significant rapid, temporary drops in system pressure. The report offers useful recommendations for using surge models to optimally locate pressure monitors and to minimize the occurrence and impact from low- and negative-pressure transients.
Dick van der Kooij,Paul W. J. J. van der Wielen,Diego Rosso,Andrew Shaw,Dietrich Borchardt,Ralf Ibisch,Dirk Apgar,Jay Witherspoon,Dominic M. di Toro,Paul R. Paquin,Don Mavinic,Fred Koch,Emmanuelle Guillot,Jean-Francois Loret,Erhard Hoffmann,Hallvard Ødegaard,Francesc Hernandez-Sancho,Maria Molinos-Senante
Author : Dick van der Kooij,Paul W. J. J. van der Wielen,Diego Rosso,Andrew Shaw,Dietrich Borchardt,Ralf Ibisch,Dirk Apgar,Jay Witherspoon,Dominic M. di Toro,Paul R. Paquin,Don Mavinic,Fred Koch,Emmanuelle Guillot,Jean-Francois Loret,Erhard Hoffmann,Hallvard Ødegaard,Francesc Hernandez-Sancho,Maria Molinos-Senante Publisher : IWA Publishing Page : 484 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 2013-09-14 Category : Science ISBN : 9781780400402
Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies by Dick van der Kooij,Paul W. J. J. van der Wielen,Diego Rosso,Andrew Shaw,Dietrich Borchardt,Ralf Ibisch,Dirk Apgar,Jay Witherspoon,Dominic M. di Toro,Paul R. Paquin,Don Mavinic,Fred Koch,Emmanuelle Guillot,Jean-Francois Loret,Erhard Hoffmann,Hallvard Ødegaard,Francesc Hernandez-Sancho,Maria Molinos-Senante Pdf
Maintaining the microbial quality in distribution systems and connected installations remains a challenge for the water supply companies all over the world, despite many years of research. This book identifies the main concerns and knowledge gaps related to regrowth and stimulates cooperation in future research. Microbial Growth in Drinking Water Supplies provides an overview of the regrowth issue in different countries and the water quality problems related to regrowth. The book assesses the causes of regrowth in drinking water and the prevention of regrowth by water treatment and distribution. Editors: Dirk van der Kooij and Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, The Netherlands
Integrating Water Systems by Joby Boxall,Cedo Maksimovic Pdf
A collection of articles by leading international experts on modeling and control of potable water distribution and sewerage collection systems, focusing on advances in sensors, instrumentation and communications technologies; assessment of sensor reliability, accuracy and fitness; data management including SCADA and GIS; system
Water Treatment and Pathogen Control by LeChevallier M.W.,Kwok-Keung A. Pdf
Annotation This publication provides a critical analysis of the literature on removal and inactivation of pathogenic microbes in water to aid the water quality specialist and design engineer in making decisions regarding microbial water quality.
