Patterns Of Agricultural Production Among Male And Female Holders

Author : Kasa, Leulsegged,Warner, James,Kieran, Caitlin
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Patterns of agricultural production among male and female holders by Kasa, Leulsegged,Warner, James,Kieran, Caitlin Pdf

Gender inequities present a major barrier to increased agricultural production and food security in Ethiopia. However, a lack of nationally representative sex-disaggregated data and analysis hinder the development and implementation of evidence-based policies. This report aims to contribute to filling this gap by presenting a gender analysis of the Ethiopian Central Statistics Agency’s Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) data, collected between 2010 and 2013. The analysis reveals clear gender gaps between male and female holders in terms of human capital, natural capital, financial capital, agricultural input use, and participation in crop production and livestock husbandry. Specifically, female holders are less educated, have less family labor, own and manage less land, and are less likely to cultivate rented land compared to male holders. Concurrently, female holders have limited access to extension and advisory services and, therefore, to knowledge and information concerning best agronomic practices. Compared to male holders, female holders are less likely to cultivate commercial and economically valuable crops. This difference substantially contributes to the gender resource gap since these crops generate a higher market value than traditional staple crops. Moreover, a significantly lower proportion of female holders reported ownership of livestock, especially oxen and equines, which are the primary sources of draught power for plowing and transportation in rural Ethiopia. Overall, this report identifies significant differences in the patterns of agricultural production of male and female holders in Ethiopia and calls for closing these gender gaps, becasue it would yield enormous benefits at the individual, household, and national levels. The report also puts forward policy priorities for prospective interventions.

Author : Cheryl Doss
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 22 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Data Needs for Gender Analysis in Agriculture by Cheryl Doss Pdf

To support gender analysis in agriculture, household surveys should be better designed to capture gender-specific control and ownership of agricultural resources such as male-owned, female-owned, and jointly owned assets. This paper offers guidelines on how to improve data collection efforts to ensure that women farmers are interviewed and that their voices are heard. Researchers need to clarify who should be interviewed, how to structure the interview, and how to identify which people are involved in various activities, as owners, managers, workers, and decisionmakers. It is important not simply to assume that one particular person does these activities based on social norms, but instead to ask the questions to allow for a range of answers that can demonstrate how the gender patterns in agriculture are changing. To assist in these efforts, the paper provides an overview of relevant questions to include, emphasizing that whenever questions are asked about ownership and access to resources, answers should be associated with individuals. Finally, collecting data on the institutions that are related to agricultural production and marketing allows analysis of the gender-based constraints and opportunities that they present.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251317105

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Strategic analysis and intervention plan for fresh and industrial tomato in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central-Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

With the current Second Growth and Transformation Plan (2015-2020), the Government of Ethiopia expects the agro-industrial sector to play key role in economic growth of the Country. Accordingly, the creation of Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks has been identified as one of the key mechanisms for accelerating the development of the sector and the structural transformation of agriculture. Agro-industrial parks will play a significant role in transitioning Ethiopia from an agricultural-led into an industrial-led economy. In view of that, the development of Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks has been prioritized in Ethiopia’s national development strategy and four Agro Industrial Growth Corridors have been selected for piloting the establishment of four Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks. The initiative aims at driving the structural transformation of the Ethiopian economy while reducing rural poverty and creating a better environment for increased investments in agro-processing and allied sectors. Since 1981, FAO has been a strong partner of the Government of Ethiopia towards the achievement of national food security and economic growth goals. FAO is working closely with the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources to empower value chain actors and to promote inclusive, efficient and sustainable agricultural value chains. The present document is the fourth one of a series of detailed analyses of prioritized commodities, which will lead to inclusive, sustainable and stronger agricultural value chains in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central-Eastern Oromia.

Author : Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt,Fred Mawunyo Dzanku,Aida Cuthbert Isinika
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198799283

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Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa by Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt,Fred Mawunyo Dzanku,Aida Cuthbert Isinika Pdf

This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men.

Author : Abebe Shimeles,Audrey Verdier-Chouchane,Amadou Boly
Publisher : Springer
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319762227

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Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa by Abebe Shimeles,Audrey Verdier-Chouchane,Amadou Boly Pdf

What are the challenges and action points for agricultural sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa? This open access collection of papers offers technical analyses, policy recommendations and an overview of success stories to date. Each carefully selected paper provides valuable insights for improved policy making and defines relevant strategic priorities on Africa’s sustainable transformation process, which is in line with the international development agenda. Although agriculture remains the main source of income for Africa’s population, the sector is rain-fed subjecting it to the vagaries of weather and climate change. This volume demonstrates the rationale of developing a competitive, inclusive and sustainable agribusiness sector for Africa’s food security and structural transformation. From the impact of Bioenergy crop adoption and Drought Index Insurance to Agro-Industrialization, this volume is important reading for individual researchers, academic associations and professional bodies interested in African agricultural development.

Author : Leight, Jessica,Martinez, Elena M.,Heckert, Jessica,Gelli, Aulo
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 7 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The relationship between household gender attitudes and women’s poultry production: Evidence from Burkina Faso by Leight, Jessica,Martinez, Elena M.,Heckert, Jessica,Gelli, Aulo Pdf

Enhancing women’s participation in agricultural production, including livestock production, has the potential to generate a range of benefits for rural households in the developing world. These benefits include enhanced economic welfare, investment in children’s health and nutrition, and empowerment for women. However, attitudes and norms may shape the ability of women to engage in a broader range of productive activities if those activities are not viewed as traditionally female domains. The attitudes of women themselves and their husbands may be particularly salient: if women do not view livestock production as an appropriate activity to pursue based on their perception of community norms, they may not be responsive to economic incentives designed to encourage their involvement. Similarly, if husbands do not view ownership and control over assets or the sale of agriculture as appropriate roles for their wives, it may be very challenging for women to maintain or increase their role in household agricultural production.

Author : Warner, James,Mekonnen, Yalew
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Income mobility of rural households: Are female headed households participating in Ethiopia’s economic growth? by Warner, James,Mekonnen, Yalew Pdf

Over the last decade, Ethiopia has had one of the fastest growing economies in the world with annual growth rates averaging approximately 9.2% and 5.3% for the overall economy and the agricultural sector, respectively. Concomitant with this growth has been falling poverty rates and slightly rising inequality. While average growth has been strong, relatively little research has been performed on mobility within income quartiles, particularly among rural households. Using a panel of 1,899 households, taken from three rural household surveys carried out between 2012-2019, this paper explores the overall levels and trends of recent income mobility in rural Ethiopia. We conclude that female headed households, at the lower asset quartiles, are earning less income, marketing a smaller share of cereal crops, and experiencing less growth which, unlike comparable male headed households in lower quartiles, is leading to relative stagnation, and rising inequality. The implications for policymakers are important for improved targeting for pro-poor growth strategies as well as a better understanding of the heterogenous economic status of female headed households in rural Ethiopia more generally.

Author : Lambrecht, Isabel,Mahrt, Kristi
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Gendered farm work, off-farm employment, and decision-making power: Quantitative evidence from Tajikistan by Lambrecht, Isabel,Mahrt, Kristi Pdf

Globally, nearly half of all workers in rural areas work in agriculture (International Labour Organization 2020). Women are heavily involved in agricultural production, but often get assigned different roles and responsibilities compared to men (Doss 2018). In many contexts, women have less decision-making power than men regarding their households’ agricultural production or on how to spend agricultural income (FAO 2011). Yet, recent evidence suggests that a generalized assumption that women have no or little decision-making power in agriculture is misplaced and that there are also settings where joint decision-making between men and women is common (Akter et al. 2017; Maligalig et al. 2019). It therefore remains imperative to add new evidence on women’s and men’s roles and decision-making in agriculture – particularly from contexts that have not been extensively studied.

Author : Bola Akanji
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Agricultural systems
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111360728

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Pattern of Gender Responsibility in Tradeable Crop Agriculture by Bola Akanji Pdf

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251314395

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Strategic analysis and intervention plan for potatoes and potato products in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central-Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

With the current Second Growth and Transformation Plan (2015-2020), the Government of Ethiopia expects the agro-industrial sector to play key role in economic growth of the Country. Accordingly, the creation of Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks has been identified as one of the key mechanisms for accelerating the development of the sector and the structural transformation of agriculture. Agro-industrial parks will play a significant role in transitioning Ethiopia from an agricultural-led into an industrial-led economy. In view of that, the development of Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks has been prioritized in Ethiopia’s national development strategy and four Agro Industrial Growth Corridors have been selected for piloting the establishment of four Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks. The initiative aims at driving the structural transformation of the Ethiopian economy while reducing rural poverty and creating a better environment for increased investments in agro-processing and allied sectors. Since 1981, FAO has been a strong partner of the Government of Ethiopia towards the achievement of national food security and economic growth goals. FAO is working closely with the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources to empower value chain actors and to promote inclusive, efficient and sustainable agricultural value chains. The present document is the fourth one of a series of detailed analyses of prioritized commodities, which will lead to inclusive, sustainable and stronger agricultural value chains in the Agro-Commodities Procurement Zone of the pilot Integrated Agro-Industrial Park in Central-Eastern Oromia.

Author : Anita Spring
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Food supply
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040747045

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Women Farmers and Food Issues in Africa by Anita Spring Pdf

This paper reviews the major aspects of African women's contribution to food and cash crop production and offers some suggestions to improve their participation in intensification in the smallholder sector. An examination of the sexual division of labor shows that so-called "traditional" patterns have given way to expediency with women involved in all aspects of production either routinely or when male labor is unavailable due to a change in marital status or to out-migration. The semi-autonomous nature of women within the household and the diverse types of households are detailed in order to show the diverse responsibilities of men and women for the procurement of food and other commodities. Although some women earn a good living from agriculture and can assure family food security and/or generate surplus sales, most women tend to be among the lower resource farmers. This is not because they are deficient in farming skills, but because they lack access to labor, land, credit, training, and mechanization, especially in years of agricultural intensification. Stereotypes about women's place often prevent planners and implementors of development projects from incorporating women into plans and programs. Furthermore, agricultural intensification may increase the time women have to spend in farming without providing adequate remuneration. In order to include women in agricultural intensification, certain solutions are given such as disaggregating data by gender, recognizing intrahoushold dynamics in farming research and extension, studying farming roles, reorienting training and extension programs, mainstreaming income generation projects, intensifying capitalization schemes, and researching the farming enterprises associated with women.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : CIMMYT
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789706480613

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Gender differentials in agricultural production and decision-making among smallholders in Ada, Lume, and Gimbichu Woredas of the central highlands of Ethiopia by Anonim Pdf

Author : Amber J. Fletcher,Wendee Kubik
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134774647

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Women in Agriculture Worldwide by Amber J. Fletcher,Wendee Kubik Pdf

Over the past two decades, existing documentation of women in the agricultural sector has surveyed topics such as agricultural restructuring and land reform, international trade agreements and food trade, land ownership and rural development and rural feminisms. Many studies have focused on either the high-income countries of the global North or the low-income countries of the global South. This separation suggests that the North has little to learn from the South, or that there is little shared commonality across the global dividing line. Fletcher and Kubik cross this political, economic, and ideological division by drawing together authors from 5 continents. They discuss the situation for women in agriculture in 13 countries worldwide, with two chapters that cover international contexts. The authors blur the boundaries between academic and organizational authors and their contributors include university-based researchers, gender experts, development consultants, and staff of agricultural research centers and international organizations (i.e., Oxfam, the United Nations World Food Program). The common thread connecting these diverse authors is an emphasis on practical and concrete solutions to address the challenges, such as lack of access to resources and infrastructure, lack of household decision-making power, and gender biases in policymaking and leadership, still faced by women in agriculture around the world. Ongoing issues in climate change will exacerbate many of these issues and several chapters also address environment and sustainability. This book is of great interest to readers in the areas of gender studies, agriculture, policy studies, environmental studies, development and international studies.

Author : Mekonen, Leulsegged Kasa,Minot, Nicholas,Warner, James,Abate, Gashaw T.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Performance of direct seed marketing pilot program in Ethiopia: Lessons for scaling-up by Mekonen, Leulsegged Kasa,Minot, Nicholas,Warner, James,Abate, Gashaw T. Pdf

This study evaluates the impact in the main cropping season of 2015 of a new approach to the distribution of improved seed in Ethiopia, known as Direct Seed Marketing (DSM). Under DSM, seed producers are allowed to sell seed directly to farmers, in contrast to the conventional seed marketing (CSM) system in which seed passes from seed producers to regional Bureaus of Agriculture to woreda Agricultural Offices to Development Agents, cooperative unions, and primary cooperatives, who, in turn, sell the seed to farmers. The study is based on a survey of 800 farmers, 118 agricultural extension workers, 75 seed sellers, and 24 seed producers in Amhara, Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP), and Tigray regions. The performance of the DSM program in 2015 was evaluated on eight criteria: seed availability, sufficiency of supply, timeliness of delivery, seed pricing, quality, ensuring accountability for low-quality seed, ease of purchase, and use of public resources. The results indicate that DSM had heterogeneous effects across the different regions, showing the need to strengthen the sharing of experiences with the program across the regions of Ethiopia to scale up DSM’s benefits. However, when we consider the overall DSM program without regional disaggregation, the DSM and CSM systems do not differ significantly on most of the eight criteria, although DSM required significantly less of the time of the farmer-level agricultural extension agents, the Development Agents. DSM performed as well as CSM across the eight criteria examined, while requiring 39 percent less time for the involvement the Development Agents. Farmers’ subjective views of DSM were quite positive. On most criteria, 50 to 65 percent of farmers said DSM performed “better” or “much better” than CSM. The study also identifies specific areas where the performance of DSM needs to be improved. A review of international experience with seed systems is used to provide some additional recommendations regarding the longer-term development of seed systems in Ethiopia.

Author : Yokying, Phanwin,Lambrecht, Isabel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Landownership and the gender gap in agriculture: Disappointing insights from Northern Ghana by Yokying, Phanwin,Lambrecht, Isabel Pdf

Land provides the basis for food production and is an indispensable input for economic livelihoods in rural areas. Landownership is strongly associated with social and economic power, not only across communities and households, but also within households. The link between landownership and women’s empowerment has been relatively well documented in general, but not specifically in relation to agriculture. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing how ownership of land is associated with agency and achievements in agriculture among female and male farmers in northern Ghana, a region transitioning from customary land tenure without individual ownership rights towards a more individualized and market-based tenure system. We use a recursive bivariate probit model and focus on eight different indicators in four distinct domains: decisions on agricultural cultivation, decisions on farm income, agricultural association membership, and time allocation. Our empirical estimates indicate that landownership is positively correlated with men’s and women’s agency in agriculture, namely in decisions on agricultural cultivation and membership in agricultural association. Yet, we also find that the gender gaps in participation in cultivation decisions, the use of agricultural earnings, and in agricultural workload continue to persist among those who own land. While the results underscore the importance of land as a resource that can enhance women’s agency, they also point out that policies aiming to solely advance land rights may not be sufficient to eradicate or even reduce gender inequality in agriculture.