Patterns Of Nationhood And Saving The State In Turkey

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Patterns of Nationhood and Saving the State in Turkey

Serhun Al
Patterns of Nationhood and Saving the State in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Serhun Al
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429756696

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Patterns of Nationhood and Saving the State in Turkey by Serhun Al Pdf

Patterns of Nationhood and Saving the State in Turkey tackles a theoretical puzzle in understanding the state policy changes toward minorities and nationhood, first by placing the state in the historical context of the international system and second by unpacking the state through analysis of intra-elite competition in relation to the counter-discourses by minority groups within the context of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. What explains the persistence and change in state policies toward minorities and nationhood? Under what conditions do states change their policies toward minorities? Why do the state elites reconsider the state-minority relations and change government policies toward nationhood? Adopting a comparative-historical analysis, the book unpacks these research questions and builds a theoretical framework by looking at three paradigmatic policy changes: Ottomanism in the mid-19th century, Turkish nationalism in the early 1920s, and multiculturalism in Turkey in the early 2000s. While the book reveals the role of international context, intrastate elite competition, and non-state actors in such policy changes, it argues that state elites adopt either exclusionary or inclusionary policies based on the idea of "survival of the state." The book is primarily an important contribution to studies in ethnicity and nationalism. It is also an essential resource for students and scholars interested in Comparative Politics, Middle East Studies, the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey.

Nostalgia for the Empire

M. Hakan Yavuz
Nostalgia for the Empire Book PDF

Author : M. Hakan Yavuz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197512296

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Nostalgia for the Empire by M. Hakan Yavuz Pdf

Making a country great again is a theme for nationalist authoritarians. Across countries with past experience as great powers, nationalist politicians typically harken back to a golden age. In Nostalgia for Empire, Hakan Yavuz focuses on how this trend is playing out in Turkey, a nation that lost its empire a century ago and which is now ruled by a nationalist authoritarian who invokes nostalgia for the Ottoman era to buttress his power. Yavuz delves into the social and political origins of expressions of nostalgia for the Ottoman Empire among various groups in Turkey. Exploring why and how certain segments of Turkish society has selectively brought the Ottoman Empire back into public consciousness, Yavuz traces how memory of the Ottoman period has changed. He draws from Turkish literature, mainstream history books, and other cultural products from the 1940s to the twenty-first century to illustrate the transformation. He finds that two key aspects of Turkish literature are, on the one hand, its criticism of the Jacobin modernization of Turkey under Ataturk, and on the other a desire to search the Ottoman past for an alternative political language. Yavuz goes onto to explain how major political actors, including President Erdogan, utilize the concept of empire to craft distinctive conceptualizations of nationalism, Islam, and Ottomanism that exploit national nostalgia. As remembered today, the Ottoman past seems to be grounded in contemporary conservative Islamic values. The combination of these memories and values generates a portrait of Turkey as a victim of major powers, besieged by imagined enemies both internal and external. In mapping out how nostalgia is crafted and spread, this book not only sheds light on Turkey's unique case but also deepens our understanding of nationalism, religion, and modernity.

The Routledge Handbook of Nationalism in East and Southeast Asia

Lu Zhouxiang
The Routledge Handbook of Nationalism in East and Southeast Asia Book PDF

Author : Lu Zhouxiang
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000911688

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The Routledge Handbook of Nationalism in East and Southeast Asia by Lu Zhouxiang Pdf

This handbook presents a comprehensive survey of the formation and transformation of nationalism in 15 East and Southeast Asian countries. Written by a team of international scholars from different backgrounds and disciplines, this volume offers new perspectives on studying Asian history, society, culture, and politics, and provides readers with a unique lens through which to better contextualise and understand the relationships between countries within East and Southeast Asia, and between Asia and the world. It highlights the latest developments in the field and contributes to our knowledge and understanding of nationalism and nation building. Comprehensive and clearly written, this book examines a diverse set of topics that include theoretical considerations on nationalism and internationalism; the formation of nationalism and national identity in the colonial and postcolonial eras; the relationships between traditional culture, religion, ethnicity, education, gender, technology, sport, and nationalism; the influence of popular culture on nationalism; and politics, policy, and national identity. It illustrates how nationalism helped to draw the borders between the nations of East and Southeast Asia, and how it is re-emerging in the twenty-first century to shape the region and the world into the future. The Routledge Handbook of Nationalism in East and Southeast Asia is essential reading for those interested in and studying Asian history, Social and Cultural history, and modern history.

Ethnicity and Party Politics in Turkey

Berna Öney
Ethnicity and Party Politics in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Berna Öney
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429629587

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Ethnicity and Party Politics in Turkey by Berna Öney Pdf

Delving into Turkey’s political playing field, this book examines how an ethnic party increased its vote shares. The case study looks at the rise of the Kurdish party in Turkey’s 2011 national elections in relation to the mainstream political parties' strategies. The research explores the strategy of the dominant Justice and Development Party that garnered the majority in three consecutive elections, introduced a new political issue, and even initiated an opening process. Investigating the reasons behind why such a dominant party would put itself at risk with this bold strategy and why it still lost votes to the ethnic party in the process, the book traces Turkey’s handling of the Kurdish issue. Combining a detailed analysis of election results, speeches, and social survey findings, the volume offers a novel approach and a rare example of the application of process-tracing methodology. Additionally, the study is one of the first to utilize unsupervised model of scaling texts on the ethnic issue dimension. As the first systematic analysis of the Kurdish opening process, the book will be of interest to students and scholars researching in qualitative methodology, text analysis, ethnic and party politics, Turkey, and the Middle East.

The Decline of Democracy in Turkey

Kürşat Çınar
The Decline of Democracy in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Kürşat Çınar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429535352

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The Decline of Democracy in Turkey by Kürşat Çınar Pdf

This book explores the roots of the decline of democracy and the rise of hegemonic parties in Turkey, by comparing the Justice and Development Party (AKP) with other comparable cases throughout the world. Offering a novel analysis in the rise of hegemonic parties, this book incorporates the analysis of state-society relations and institutionalist approaches. A hegemonic party is a single political party that dominates the scene in multi-party elections for extended periods of time. Focusing on the cases of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Malaysia, Russia and other countries through the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe, the book proves that hegemony building is possible through the combination of societal and institutional factors at the individual, local, and national levels. Multilingual comparative content analysis, rigorous statistical tests, and in-depth elite-level interviews support this theory, based on an extensive fieldwork analysis. Analysing contemporary as well as historical cases of hegemonic parties, the volume will be of interest to researchers and students in a broad range of areas including democratization, political parties and Turkish politics.

Women in Turkey

Gamze Çavdar,Yavuz Yaşar
Women in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Gamze Çavdar,Yavuz Yaşar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351009102

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Women in Turkey by Gamze Çavdar,Yavuz Yaşar Pdf

Winner of the 2021 Suraj Mal and Shyama Devi Agarwal Book Prize This book provides a socio-economic examination of the status of women in contemporary Turkey, assessing how policies have combined elements of neoliberalism and Islamic conservatism. Using rich qualitative and quantitative analyses, Women in Turkey analyses the policies concerning women in the areas of employment, education and health and the fundamental transformation of the construction of gender since the early 2000s. Comparing this with the situation pre-2000, the authors argue that the reconstruction of gender is part of the reshaping of the state–society relations, the state–business relationship, and the cultural changes that have taken place across the country over the last two decades. Thus, the book situates the Turkish case within the broader context of international development of neoliberalism while paying close attention to its idiosyncrasies. Adopting a political economy perspective emphasizing the material sources of gender relations, this book will be useful to students and scholars of Middle Eastern politics, political Islam and Gender Studies.

Constituting the Political Economy of the Kurds

Omer Tekdemir
Constituting the Political Economy of the Kurds Book PDF

Author : Omer Tekdemir
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000378290

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Constituting the Political Economy of the Kurds by Omer Tekdemir Pdf

This book examines the development of Kurdish political economy and the emergence of collective Kurdish identity within a historical context through three main periods: the late-Ottoman Empire, the initial Republican Turkey era, and then the post-1990s period. It relates historical developments to the dynamics of Kurdish society, including the anthropological realities of the nineteenth century through the moral economy frame, the evolving nature of nationalism in the early twentieth century and the more recent construction of a modern political Kurdishness by means of radical democracy, and an agonistic pluralism shaped by left-wing populism.

Power Sharing in Lebanon

Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif
Power Sharing in Lebanon Book PDF

Author : Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429827051

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Power Sharing in Lebanon by Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif Pdf

This book studies the origins and evolution of power sharing in Lebanon. The author has established a relationship between mobilization, ethnurgy (ethnic identification), memory and trauma, and how they impact power sharing provisions. The book starts with the events in the 1820s, when communities began to politicize their identities, and which led to the first major outbreak of civil violence between the Druze and the Maronites. Consequently, these troubled four decades in Lebanon led to the introduction of various forms of power-sharing arrangements to establish peace. The political systems introduced in Lebanon are: the Kaim-Makamiya (dual sub-governorship), a quasi-federal arrangement; the Mutassarifiya, the prototype of a power-sharing system; the post-independence political system of Lebanon which the book refers to as semi-consociation, due to the concentration of executive powers in the Presidential office; and finally, the full consociation of the Taif Republic. In each of these phases, there was a peculiar interaction between the non-structural elements that had a direct impact on power sharing; this led at times to instability, and at other times it brought down the system, as in 1840–1860 and 1975. Power Sharing in Lebanon is the first academic work that emphasizes the influence of the non-structural elements that hinder power sharing. This volume is now a key resource for students and academics interested in Lebanese Politics and the Middle East.

Religion and Hezbollah

Mariam Farida
Religion and Hezbollah Book PDF

Author : Mariam Farida
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000458572

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Religion and Hezbollah by Mariam Farida Pdf

This comprehensive and thought-provoking volume examines the role and function of religion in Hezbollah’s political strategy in the context of contemporary Lebanese politics and global security. The book demonstrates how Hezbollah uses religious mechanisms such as taklif shari (religious assessment), ijtihad (interpretation) of jihad, and fatwa (religious verdict) as political tools to mobilise the Shi’a in Lebanon and the Middle East and to build political support. The comprehensive content analysis scrutinised speeches of Hezbollah Secretary General, Hassan Nasrallah, from 2000 to 2013. The results provide and inform a wide-scoping discussion of Nasrallah’s uses of rhetorical devices and context to imbue religious elements into Hezbollah politics to mobilise and motivate supporters. Additionally, a case study analysis of Hezbollah’s intervention in the Syrian conflict is also included. This further demonstrates Hezbollah’s strategic use of political pragmatism and religious rhetoric to link its political and military agendas and to transition the Party from a resistance group in Lebanon to a regional actor with a regional priority. As such, readers are provided with new and interesting insights into Hezbollah’s ideology and identity as a domestic and regional non-state actor, and the social mobilisation of Shi'a in Lebanon and the region. Providing a nexus between religion, politics, and security, the book will be a key resource for students and researchers interested in religious studies and Middle East politics.

Erdoğan’s Turkey

M. Hakan Yavuz,Ahmet Erdi Öztürk
Erdo an s Turkey Book PDF

Author : M. Hakan Yavuz,Ahmet Erdi Öztürk
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000479676

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Erdoğan’s Turkey by M. Hakan Yavuz,Ahmet Erdi Öztürk Pdf

This book explores the role of religion in the transformation of Turkey under the reign of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP). It attempts to come to terms with the current political crisis in Turkey and the government’s move toward authoritarianism. The chapters included in this book examine various ideological, political and social factors that have driven the transformation of the AKP. The book seeks to answer questions about how and in what direction have the AKP’s objectives and strategies changed in the last two decades the party has been in power, and the divergence between professed ideals and practices. The book also focuses on the major repercussions that the 15 July 2016 coup d'état attempt has had on key Turkish state institutions and policies, and how it has also affected Turkish foreign policy toward regional and international powers. The book addresses the many gaps and omissions in earlier studies of the AKP, and posits that there have been a more complex set of circumstances impacting Turkish politics since 2002 and that it makes little sense to continue to view Turkish politics as just a clash between Islam and secularism. Erdoğan’s Turkey is a significant new contribution to the study of Turkish politics and politics in general, and will be a great resource for academics, researchers and advanced students of Political Science, International Relations, History, Geography and Sociology. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Middle East Critique.

Israel in a Turbulent Region

Tore T. Petersen
Israel in a Turbulent Region Book PDF

Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429864773

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Israel in a Turbulent Region by Tore T. Petersen Pdf

This anthology examines and deconstructs what Israeli security looks like and how its various security identities have evolved both before the establishment of the state and in the years and decades since 1948. It casts light on how aspects of Israel’s foreign relations have been shaped as much by internal politics as by external challenge. Further, not only does it answer the questions surrounding Israel’s past, but examines carefully what type of country it has now become. Compared to much of the turbulence in the region, Israel’s diplomacies have been remarkably resilient and inventive. With the background of 100th anniversary of the Balfour declaration this book is a multidisciplinary study using several different methodological approaches; from discursive analyses, to theories of memories and identity, to interviews with Israeli soldiers in the field, to a legal approach to the topic, as well as International Relations studies and traditional archival studies. South Africa was one of Israel’s main partners in terms of security cooperation and weapons research and development until the fall of the apartheid regime. This has been compensated with Israel opening up diplomatic relations with China (1991) and India (1992) and extending its ties with Japan. While the EU often criticize Israel’s policies against the Palestinians, this is mostly rhetoric as for practical purposes Israel is like a member of the EU. This comprehensive volume studying contemporary Israel is an invaluable resource for students and scholars interested in Foreign and Security Policy, Israel and the Middle East.

Citizenship and the Nation-state in Greece and Turkey

Thalia Dragonas,Faruk Birtek
Citizenship and the Nation state in Greece and Turkey Book PDF

Author : Thalia Dragonas,Faruk Birtek
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 9780415347839

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Citizenship and the Nation-state in Greece and Turkey by Thalia Dragonas,Faruk Birtek Pdf

Pt. 1. Empire and nation-state. A history and geography of Turkish nationalism / Caglar Keyder ; The formation of the state in Greece, 1830-1914 / Kostas P. Kostis ; Greek bull in the china shop of Ottoman 'grand illusion' : Greece in the making of modern Turkey / Faruk Birtek ; Nation and people : the placticity of a relationship / Padelis E. Lekas ; 'Do not think of the Greeks as agricultural labourers' : Ottoman responses to the Greek War of Independence / Hakan Erdem -- pt. 2. Nation and civil society. Civil society and citizenship in post-war Greece / Nicos Mouzelis and George Pagoulatos ; Women's challenge to citizenship in Turkey / Yesim Arat ; Between duties and rights : gender and citizenship in Greece, 1864-1952 / Efi Avdela ; Citizenship in context : rethinking women's relationship to the law in Turkey / Dicle Kogacioglu ; Greek and Turkish students' views on history, the nation and democracy / Thalia Dragonas, Busra Ersanli, and Anna Frangoudaki ; Speculative thoughts on nations and nationalism with special reference to Turkey and Greece / Ilkay Sunar.

Nationalism and Non-Muslim Minorities in Turkey, 1915 - 1950

Ayhan Aktar
Nationalism and Non Muslim Minorities in Turkey 1915 1950 Book PDF

Author : Ayhan Aktar
Publisher : Transnational Press London
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781801350433

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Nationalism and Non-Muslim Minorities in Turkey, 1915 - 1950 by Ayhan Aktar Pdf

Ayhan Aktar has been working on anti-minority policies in modern Turkey since 1991. In the Ottoman Empire’s final decade (in 1906), non-Muslims constituted 20% of the population; by 1927, they were reduced to 2.5% and, nowadays, they make up less than 0.02% of the population of Modern Turkey. Armenians were subjected to deportations (1915), Greeks were ‘exchanged’ (1922–1924) and Jews were forced to migrate abroad (after 1945). Like many other nation-states in the Near East, Turkey has been able to homogenize its population on religious grounds. This book is a collection of Aktar's articles about this transformation. Aktar criticises nationalist historiographies and argues "For instance, a scholar conducting research on the Jewish community during the republican period could easily come to the conclusion that only Jews were discriminated against by the Turkish state. However, this is only partially true! All non-Muslim minorities were discriminated against and their stories cannot be understood unless the Turkish state and its policies are placed at centre stage. Utilizing diplomatic correspondence in the British and US National Archives has enabled me to understand anti-minority policies as a whole and to treat the subject within a totality." This book will interest scholars and students of nationalism, minority studies and Turkish history and politics. CONTENTS Foreword Chapter 1. Debating the Armenian Massacres in the Last Ottoman Parliament, November – December 1918 Chapter 2. Organizing The Deportations and Massacres: Ottoman Bureaucracy and the Cup, 1915 – 1918 Chapter 3. Homogenizing the Nation, Turkifying the Economy: The Turkish Experience of Population Exchange Reconsidered Chapter 4. Conversion of a ‘Country’ into a ‘Fatherland’: The Case of Turkification Examined, 1923–1934 Chapter 5. “Turkification” Policies in the Early Republican Era Chapter 6. “Tax Me to the End of My Life!” Anatomy of Anti-Minority Tax Legislation, (1942 - 3) Chapter 7. Turkish Attitudes vis à vis The Zionist Project by Ayhan Aktar and Soli Özel Chapter 8. Economic Nationalism in Turkey: The Formative Years, 1912 – 1925

Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey

Marlies Casier,Joost Jongerden
Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Marlies Casier,Joost Jongerden
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136938672

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Nationalisms and Politics in Turkey by Marlies Casier,Joost Jongerden Pdf

This book examines some of the most pressing issues facing the Turkish political establishment, in particular the issues of political Islam, and Kurdish and Turkish nationalisms. The authors explore the rationales of the main political actors in Turkey in order to increase our understanding of the ongoing debates over the secularist character of the Turkish Republic and over Turkey’s longstanding Kurdish issue. Original contributions from respected scholars in the field of Turkish and Kurdish studies provide us with many insights into the social and political fabric of Turkey, exploring Turkey’s secularist establishment, the ruling AKP government, the Kurdistan Workers' Party and the Institutions of the European Union. While the focus of concern in this book is with the social agents of contemporary politics in Turkey, the convictions they have and the strategies they employ, historical dimensions are also integrated in their analyses. In its approach, the book makes an important contribution to a widening investigation into the making of politics in the contemporary world. Incorporating the importance of the growing transnational connections between Turkey and Europe, this book is particularly relevant in the light of the ongoing negotiations over Turkey’s membership to the European Union, and will be of interest to scholars interested in Turkish studies, Kurdish studies and Middle Eastern Politics.

Borderland Memories

Martin T. Fromm
Borderland Memories Book PDF

Author : Martin T. Fromm
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 1108469280

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Borderland Memories by Martin T. Fromm Pdf

In the 1980s, as China transitioned to the post-Mao era, a state-sponsored oral history project led to the publication of local, regional, and national histories. They took the form of written and transcribed personal testimonies of events that preceded the turmoil of both the Cultural Revolution and, in many cases, the Communist victory in 1949. Known as wenshi ziliao, these publications represent an intense process of historical memory production that has received little scholarly attention. Hitherto unexamined archival materials and oral histories reveal unresolved tensions in post-Cultural Revolution reconciliation and mobilization, informing negotiations between local elites and the state, and between Party and non-Party organizations. Taking the northeast Russia-Manchuria borderlands as a case study, Martin T. Fromm examines the creation of post-Mao identities, political mobilization, and knowledge production in China.