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Climate change : what's the big deal? -- Business as usual : what are the costs? -- Why do economists like a carbon tax? -- Isn't there a better way? (No, there isn't) -- Cap and trade : the other way to price pollution -- What to do with $200 billion : give it back -- So you want a carbon tax : how do you design it? -- Objections to a carbon tax -- Enacting a carbon tax: how do we get there? -- Afterword : what next? -- References -- Notes
Governance by Green Taxes by Mikael Skou Andersen Pdf
Fiscal measures are being used increasingly by governments to secure environmental policy objectives. Through a comparative study of the water policies of Denmark, France, Germany and the Netherlands, Andersen shows how "green taxes", as opposed to administrative regulation, have worked.
R. Quentin Grafton,Rose Anne Devlin,University of Ottawa. Department of Economics
Author : R. Quentin Grafton,Rose Anne Devlin,University of Ottawa. Department of Economics Publisher : Department of Economics, University of Ottawa = Dép. de science économique, Université d'Ottawa Page : 52 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 1994 Category : Emissions trading ISBN : IND:30000105290591
The threats posed by global climate change are widely recognized and carbon emmissions are the major source of greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels causes long-lasting, pervasive damages, costly to those of us alive today and even more to our children and our children's children. The United States is the second largest carbon emitting country in the world and should play a key role in global efforts to reduce emissions. Paying for Pollution incisively examines the very real costs-economic and social-of climate change and the challenges of concerted action to reduce future losses due to damages of higher temperatures and more extreme weather. Gilbert E. Metcalf argues that there is a convergence of social, economic, environmental, and political forces that provides an opening for a new approach to climate policy, one based on market principles that can appeal to politicians across the political spectrum. After all, markets work best when the price of a good reflects all its costs. Metcalf suggests that a thoughtfully and politically sensitive designed carbon tax could also contribute to an improved tax system, something desired by Republican and Democratic politicians alike. That is, a carbon tax increases fiscal flexibility by providing new revenues to finance reforms to the income tax that improve the fairness of the tax code and contribute to economic growth. Metcalf compares the benefits of a carbon tax to other potential policies, such as cap and trade, to reduce the threats of climate change. None, he shows, are as effective, efficient, and fair as a carbon tax.
This report offers estimations of the economic gains made from shifting a significant chunk of the tax burden from income, profits and payrolls, onto congestion, pollution and waste generation. This study demonstrates that such changes can reduce environmental damage and increase production.
The Economics of Pollution Control in the Asia Pacific by Robert O. Mendelsohn,Daigee Shaw Pdf
This work reveals that the make-up of Asian politico-economic systems has a direct impact on environmental policies, from benefit estimation to instrument choice. The authors argue that policy makers in Asia cannot draw upon European and American methods without considerable modification.
Beyond Earth Day by Gaylord Nelson,Susan M. Campbell,Paul A. Wozniak Pdf
Gaylord Nelson’s legacy is known and respected throughout the world. He was a founding father of the modern environmental movement and creator of one of the most influential public awareness campaigns ever undertaken on behalf of global environmental stewardship: Earth Day. Nelson died in 2005, but his message in this book is still timely and urgent, delivered with the same eloquence with which he articulated the nation’s environmental ills throughout the decades. He details the planet’s most critical concerns—from species and habitat losses to global climate change and population growth. In outlining strategies for planetary health, Nelson inspires citizens to reassert environmentalism as a national priority. Included in this reprint is a new preface by Gaylord Nelson’s daughter, Tia Nelson.
The New York Times-bestselling "skeptical environmentalist" argues that panic over climate change is causing more harm than good Hurricanes batter our coasts. Wildfires rage across the American West. Glaciers collapse in the Artic. Politicians, activists, and the media espouse a common message: climate change is destroying the planet, and we must take drastic action immediately to stop it. Children panic about their future, and adults wonder if it is even ethical to bring new life into the world. Enough, argues bestselling author Bjorn Lomborg. Climate change is real, but it's not the apocalyptic threat that we've been told it is. Projections of Earth's imminent demise are based on bad science and even worse economics. In panic, world leaders have committed to wildly expensive but largely ineffective policies that hamper growth and crowd out more pressing investments in human capital, from immunization to education. False Alarm will convince you that everything you think about climate change is wrong -- and points the way toward making the world a vastly better, if slightly warmer, place for us all.
Stephen T. Holgate,Hillel S. Koren,Jonathan M. Samet,Robert L. Maynard
Author : Stephen T. Holgate,Hillel S. Koren,Jonathan M. Samet,Robert L. Maynard Publisher : Elsevier Page : 1065 pages File Size : 54,9 Mb Release : 1999-04-21 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780080526928
Air Pollution and Health by Stephen T. Holgate,Hillel S. Koren,Jonathan M. Samet,Robert L. Maynard Pdf
Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination. Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health. Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection
Pollution, Property & Prices by John Harkness Dales Pdf
'Dales pointed out that traditional economic and legal solutions to pollution and resource problems were never going to be satisfactory and that a "third way" was needed. Today, all environmental economists of my generation recognise the debt we owe to Dales's work, as one of the intellectual foundations for emissions trading that began in California in the 1970s and now extends across the world. It is a work of immense influence which deserves reprinting.' - David Pearce, University College London, UK In this classic book, originally published in 1968 by University of Toronto Press, John Dales proposed a new policy instrument for tackling pollution problems, namely 'markets in pollution rights'. Dales was one of the first economists to put forward such a solution, and in subsequent years a system of emissions trading has evolved which is now a centrepiece in international discussions of how to address the problem of global climate change.
Environmental Economics: A Very Short Introduction by Stephen Smith Pdf
If environmental protection is costly, how much should we spend on pollution control? Is it worth reducing pollution to zero, or should we accept some level of pollution because of the economic benefits associated with it? How can we assess the benefits that people get from a less-polluted atmosphere? In broad terms, environmental economics looks at how economic activity and policy affect the environment in which we live. Some production generates pollution, such as power station emissions causing acid rain and contributing to global warming, but household consumption decisions also affect the environment, where more consumption can mean more waste sent to polluting incinerators. However, pollution is not an inevitable consequence of economic activity - environmental policies can require polluting firms to clean up their emissions, and can encourage people to change their behaviour, through environmental taxes on polluting goods, for example. Generally, though, these measures will involve some costs, such as installing pollution control equipment. So there's a trade-off: a cleaner environment, but economic costs. In recent years, many economists have argued for greater use of incentive in the form of pollution charges and emissions trading rather than more traditional direct regulation of polluters. In this Very Short Introduction, Stephen Smith discusses environmental issues including pollution control, reducing environmental damage, and global climate change policies, answering questions about how we should balance environmental and economic considerations, and what form government policies should take. Including many illustrative case studies and examples he shows that this is an exciting field of economics, and one that is at the heart of many public debates and controversies. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER NATIONAL BESTSELLER In this urgent, singularly authoritative book, Bill Gates sets out a wide-ranging, practical--and accessible--plan for how the world can get to zero greenhouse gas emissions in time to avoid an irreversible climate catastrophe. Bill Gates has spent a decade investigating the causes and effects of climate change. With the help and guidance of experts in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, political science and finance, he has focused on exactly what must be done in order to stop the planet's slide toward certain environmental disaster. In this book, he not only gathers together all the information we need to fully grasp how important it is that we work toward net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases but also details exactly what we need to do to achieve this profoundly important goal. He gives us a clear-eyed description of the challenges we face. He describes the areas in which technology is already helping to reduce emissions; where and how the current technology can be made to function more effectively; where breakthrough technologies are needed, and who is working on these essential innovations. Finally, he lays out a concrete plan for achieving the goal of zero emissions--suggesting not only policies that governments should adopt, but what we as individuals can do to keep our government, our employers and ourselves accountable in this crucial enterprise. As Bill Gates makes clear, achieving zero emissions will not be simple or easy to do, but by following the guidelines he sets out here, it is a goal firmly within our reach.
National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 422 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2000-08-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309069489
Clean Coastal Waters by National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Water Science and Technology Board,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Causes and Management of Coastal Eutrophication Pdf
Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.