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Paying for Biodiversity by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf
Drawing on the literature concerning effective Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes and on more than 30 case studies, this book aims to identify good practice in the design and implementation of PES programmes so as to enhance their environmental and cost effectiveness.
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) by Emily Fripp Pdf
One of the aims of the CoLUPSIA project is to explore options for establishing payments for ecosystem services (PES) within the two districts where the project is working: Seram and Kapuas Hulu. These guidelines were prepared to support the CoLUPSIA team in completing this assessment and have since been revised to incorporate some findings from the field assessments.
Ecosystem Services by Jetske A. Bouma,Pieter J. H. van Beukering Pdf
This book draws on a range of interdisciplinary perspectives to provide a framework for translating concepts into ecosystem-related decision making and practice.
Effective Conservation Science by Peter M. Kareiva,Michelle Marvier,Brian Silliman Pdf
This edited volume assembles some of the most intriguing voices in modern conservation biology. Collectively they highlight many of the most challenging questions being asked in conservation science today, each of which will benefit from new experiments, new data, and new analyses. The book's principal aim is to inspire readers to tackle these uncomfortable issues head-on. A second goal is to be reflective and consider how the field has reacted to challenges, and to what extent these challenges advance conservation science. A concluding chapter will synthesize common themes that emerge from the experiences of the authors in these debates and discuss how best to guard against confirmation bias. The hope is that this book will lead to greater conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity by harnessing the engine of constructive scientific scepticism in service of better results.--
Paying for Biodiversity Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services by OECD Pdf
Drawing on the literature concerning effective Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes and on more than 30 case studies, this book aims to identify good practice in the design and implementation of PES programmes so as to enhance their environmental and cost effectiveness.
The PES primer is designed to provide the reader with a solid understanding of payments ecosystem service (PES) and markets and the mechanisms of PES deals, and based on this aims to provide guidance for developing PES deals. The first section provides an introduction to ecosystem services and markets and payments for ecosystem services as well as a detailed review of basic PES types and concepts with examples. The second section informs about the potential PES deals offer to the poor population by reflecting opportunities and risks as well as ideal conditions for such schemes. The third section is the core part that includes a step-by-step approach for the development of PES deals, for identification of ecosystem service prospects and research potential buyers, assessment of institutional and technical capacity, structure of agreements, and implementation of PES agreements. The section is complemented by numerous case studies. The final section concludes on the importance of honest brokers for enabling pro-poor PES to reach those who most need it.
Governing the Provision of Ecosystem Services by Roldan Muradian,Laura Rival Pdf
Founded on the core notion that we have reached a turning point in the governance, and thus the conservation, of ecosystems and the environment, this edited volume features more than 20 original chapters, each informed by the paradigm shift in the sector over the last decade. Where once the emphasis was on strategies for conservation, enacted through instruments of control such as planning and ‘polluter pays’ legislation, more recent developments have shown a shift towards incentive-based arrangements aimed at those responsible for providing the environmental services enabled by such ecosystems. Encouraging shared responsibility for watershed management, developed in Costa Rica, is a prime example, and the various interests involved in its instauration in Java are one of the subjects examined here.
Ecosystem services certification: Opportunities and constraints by Erik Meijaard,Douglas Sheil,Manuel R. Guariguata,Robert Nasi,Terry Sunderland,Louis Putzel Pdf
A major challenge in trading ecosystem services is the need to quantify and commoditise services, for monitoring and verification as well as for trade. This is relatively straightforward for goods such as forest honey or shade-grown coffee, but potentially complex for services such as water purification, reducing risk from floods or other disasters or carbon sequestration. Developing certification systems for forest ecosystem services is one potential way to define, quantify and verify these services in a way that buyers can trust, and this is why certification of ecosystem services is promoted by a number of environmental and forestry NGOs. Certification of ecosystem services is a useful concept, but many practical and theoretical obstacles must be addressed before it can be put into practice. This paper is a review of existing development in certification of ecosystem services, with information useful for designing and implementing projects to evaluate the efficacy of new systems. We discuss the potential use of more holistic concepts for measuring management sustainability, which are to date undeveloped and untested, and recommend developing pilot projects that are specifically designed to address a number of challenges inherent to ecosystem service certification.
A Review of payments for environmental services (PES) experiences in Cambodia by Sarah Milne,Colas Chervier Pdf
This paper presents a broad overview of payments for environmental services (PES) experiences in Cambodia. First, we explore the legal and policy environment for PES, including its promotion by international donors and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and its uptake by government actors. This reveals a long-standing uncertainty over whether the government is willing to support PES, and a lack of clarity about what PES actually represents in practice. Second, taking a broad definition of PES, we examine the full range of payments-based schemes for conservation currently operating in Cambodia. These include community-based conservation agreements, direct payments for biodiversity conservation, PES schemes in the context of hydropower, and REDD+ schemes in the context of climate change mitigation. Overall, these payment schemes demonstrate mixed environmental and social effects; and they face a range of technical and practical challenges, relating to the governance context of Cambodia and difficulties in securing any ‘willingness to pay’ for environmental services beyond donor-funded schemes. More profoundly, these findings illustrate that ‘environmental services markets’ do not naturally come into being; but instead require a lot of political and discursive work, institution-building, and donor funding to become established. For this reason, we see PES succeeding only in isolated cases, with dedicated NGO-backing and the presence of niche markets. Beyond that, we observe significant challenges for PES and REDD+ in Cambodia, relating mainly to the apparent ‘state capture’ of these mechanisms. Such an outcome risks the erosion of conservation and local livelihood objectives that international donors and buyers of environmental services are seeking. It also presents the ethical problem of PES and REDD+ being absorbed into the Cambodian regime simply as adjuncts to the status quo.
Ecosystem Services from Agriculture and Agroforestry by Bruno Rapidel,Fabrice DeClerck,Jean Francois Le Coq,John Beer Pdf
Agricultural systems are no longer evaluated solely on the basis of the food they provide, but also on their capacity to limit impacts on the environment, such as soil conservation, water quality and biodiversity conservation, as well as their contribution to mitigating and adapting to climate change. In order to cope with these multiple service functions, they must internalize the costs and benefits of their environmental impact. Payments for ecosystem services are hoped to encourage and promote sustainable practices via financial incentives. The authors show that while the principle is straightforward, the practice is much more complicated. Whereas scenic beauty and protection of water sources provide benefits to the local population, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation can be considered international public goods, rendering potential payment schemes more complex. Few examples exist where national or international bodies have been able to set up viable mechanisms that compensate agricultural systems for the environmental services they provide. However this book provides several examples of successful programs, and aims to transfer them to other regions of the world. The authors show that a product can be sold if it is clearly quantified, there exists a means to determine the service's values, and there is a willing buyer. The first two sections of the book present methodological issues related to the quantification and marketing of ecosystem services from agriculture, including agroforestry. The third and final section presents case studies of practical payments for ecosystem services and experiences in Central and South America, and draws some lessons learnt for effective and sustainable development of ecosystem services compensation mechanisms.
Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) by Emily Fripp,Bayuni Shantiko Pdf
The CoLUPSIA project conducted an assessment of the potential of establishing payment for ecosystem services (PES) for two regencies in Indonesia. The objectives of the present study were to determine the feasibility of PES projects in the Kapuas Hulu regency, West Kalimantan, to assess whether there is potential for PES at our study sites and, if so, identify the opportunities, constraints, risks, risk mitigation and needed steps for future actions. The method used followed the CoLUPSIAs PES methodological guidelines (Fripp 2014).
GEF Investments on Payments for Ecosystem Services Schemes by Global Environment Facility Pdf
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has engaged in pioneering development of mechanisms that reward good stewardship of natural resources, including the structuring of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes. For the GEF, the concept of PES includes a variety of arrangements through which the beneficiaries of ecosystem services compensate those providing the services. This publication summarizes the investments of GEF in PES from a variety of institutional, thematic and geographic perspectives. The publication also highlights some of the trends and opportunities for the establishment of PES schemes to generate global environmental benefits. Investments have ranged from global projects aiming at building the human and institutional capacity necessary to establish PES schemes, to stand-alone agreements between buyers and sellers in watersheds of high biodiversity value.
