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Author : Howard L. Yeager
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015018285596
Author : Steck, Alfred Eduard
Publisher : National Library of Canada
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Ion exchange
ISBN : 0315183276
Author : Walther Grot
Publisher : William Andrew
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781437744583
Fluorinated ionomer polymers form impermeable membranes that conduct electricity, properties that have been put to use in large-scale electrochemical applications, revolutionizing the chlor-alkali industry and transforming production methods of some of the world’s highest-production commodity chemicals: chlorine, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The use of fluorinated ionomers such as Nafion® have removed the need for mercury and asbestos in these processes and led to a massive reduction in electricity usage in these highly energy-intensive processes. Polymers in this group have also found uses in fuel-cells, metal-ion recovery, water electrolysis, plating, surface treatment of metals, batteries, sensors, drug release technologies, gas drying and humidification, and super-acid catalysis used in the production of specialty chemicals. Walther Grot, who invented Nafion® while working for DuPont, has written this book as a practical guide to engineers and scientists working in electrochemistry, the fuel cell industry and other areas of application. His book is a unique guide to this important polymer group and its applications, in membranes and other forms. The 2e expands this handbook by over a third, with new sections covering developments in electrolysis and membranes, additional information about the synthesis and science of the polymer group, and an enhanced provision of reference data. An essential reference for scientists working with electrolysis and electrochemical processes (the use of this polymer group in industrial chemistry processes is credited with a 1% reduction in global electricity usage) Covers the techniques involved in the growing range of applications for fluorinated ionomers, including fuel cells, batteries and drug delivery The only book on this important polymer group, written by Walther Grot, the inventor of the leading fluorinated ionomer, Nafion® from DuPont
Author : America Herrera
Publisher : National Library of Canada
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Anions
ISBN : 0315299568
Author : Shulamith Schlick
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1996-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849376483
The molecular structure and composition of ionomers lead to a complex superposition of properties of organic chains and of polyelectrolytes. The potential use of this class of polymers in applications such as surfactants, ion selective membranes in electrochemical processes, coatings, fuel cells and batteries has sparked a vast amount of research.
Author : John William Van Zee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Diaphragms (Mechanical devices)
ISBN : PSU:000013260163
Author : Felix N. Büchi,Minoru Inaba,Thomas J. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387855363
This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.
Author : Shulamith Schlick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119196051
Examines the important topic of fuel cell science by way of combining membrane design, chemical degradation mechanisms, and stabilization strategies This book describes the mechanism of membrane degradation and stabilization, as well as the search for stable membranes that can be used in alkaline fuel cells. Arranged in ten chapters, the book presents detailed studies that can help readers understand the attack and degradation mechanisms of polymer membranes and mitigation strategies. Coverage starts from fundamentals and moves to different fuel cell membrane types and methods to profile and analyze them. The Chemistry of Membranes Used in Fuel Cells: Degradation and Stabilization features chapters on: Fuel Cell Fundamentals: The Evolution of Fuel Cells and their Components; Degradation Mechanism of Perfluorinated Membranes; Ranking the Stability of Perfluorinated Membranes Used in Fuel Cells to Attack by Hydroxyl Radicals; Stabilization Mechanism of Perfluorinated Membranes by Ce(III) and Mn(II); Hydrocarbon Proton Exchange Membranes; Stabilization of Perfluorinated Membranes Using Nanoparticle Additives; Degradation Mechanism in Aquivion Perfluorinated Membranes and Stabilization Strategies; Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Synthesis and Stability; In-depth Profiling of Degradation Processes in Nafion Due to Pt Dissolution and Migration into the Membrane; and Quantum Mechanical Calculations of the Degradation Mechanism in Perfluorinated Membranes. Brings together aspects of membrane design, chemical degradation mechanisms and stabilization strategies Emphasizes chemistry of fuel cells, which is underemphasized in other books Includes discussion of fuel cell performance and behavior, analytical profiling methods, and quantum mechanical calculations The Chemistry of Membranes Used in Fuel Cells is an ideal book for polymer scientists, chemists, chemical engineers, electrochemists, material scientists, energy and electrical engineers, and physicists. It is also important for grad students studying advanced polymers and applications.
Author : M.R. Tant,K.A. Mauritz,G.L. Wilkes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400914612
Polymers have achieved an enviable position as the class of materials having the highest volume of production, exceeding that of both metals and ceramics. The meteoric rise in the production and utilization of polymers has been due to advances in polymer synthesis which allow the creation of specific and well-defined molecular structures, to new knowledge concerning the relationships between polymer structure and properties, and to an improved understanding of how processing can be used as a tool to develop morphological features which result in desired properties. Polymers have truly become 'engineered materials' in every sense of the term. Polymer scientists and engineers are forever seeking to modify and improve the properties of synthetic polymeric systems for use in specific applications. Towards this end they have often looked to nature for advice on how to design molecules for specific needs. An excellent illustration of this is the use of noncovalent bonding (ionic, hydrogen, and van der Waals) in lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, where these noncovalent bonds, acting both intra and intermolecularly, precisely control the structure and thus the function of the entire system. The utilization of ionic bonding, in particular in man-made polymers has attracted widespread interest in recent years, since ionic interactions exert a similar strong influence on the structure and properties of these synthetic systems.
Author : H Strathmann
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080509401
Today, membranes and membrane processes are used as efficient tools for the separation of liquid mixtures or gases in the chemical and biomedical industry, in water desalination and wastewater purification. Despite the fact that various membrane processes, like reverse osmosis, are described in great detail in a number of books, processes involving ion-exchange membranes are only described in a fragmented way in scientific journals and patents; even though large industrial applications, like electrodialysis, have been around for over half a century. Therefore, this book is emphasizing on the most relevant aspects of ion-exchange membranes. This book provides a comprehensive overview of ion-exchange membrane separation processes covering the fundamentals as well as recent developments of the different products and processes and their applications. The audience for this book is heterogeneous, as it includes plant managers and process engineers as well as research scientists and graduate students. The separate chapters are based on different topics. The first chapter describes the relevant Electromembrane processes in a general overview. The second chapter explains thermodynamic and physicochemical fundamentals. The third chapter gives information about ion-exchange membrane preparation techniques, while the fourth and fifth chapter discusses the processes as unit operations giving examples for the design of specific plants. First work on the principles and applications of electrodialysis and related separation processes Presently no other comprehensive work that can serve as both reference work and text book is available Book is suited for teaching students and as source for detailed information
Author : Thomas F. O'Brien,Tilak V. Bommaraju,Fumio Hine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1598 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2007-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306486241
Concentrated treatment of all aspects of technology and handling directly related to the products of electrolysis. Thoroughly up to date and should become the standard reference in its field.
Author : Jianhua Fang,Jinli Qiao,David P. Wilkinson,Jiujun Zhang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781466581470
Electrochemical Polymer Electrolyte Membranes covers PEMs from fundamentals to applications, describing their structure, properties, characterization, synthesis, and use in electrochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion technologies. Featuring chapters authored by leading experts from academia and industry, this authoritative text: Disc
Author : S. Banerjee,A.K. Tyagi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 731 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123851437
Functional materials have assumed a very prominent position in several high-tech areas. Such materials are not being classified on the basis of their origin, nature of bonding or processing techniques but are classified on the basis of the functions they can perform. This is a significant departure from the earlier schemes in which materials were described as metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, glass materials etc. Several new processing techniques have also evolved in the recent past. Because of the diversity of materials and their functions it has become extremely difficult to obtain information from single source. Functional Materials: Preparation, Processing and Applications provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments. Serves as a ready reference for Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science researchers by covering a wide range of functional materials in one book Aids in the design of new materials by emphasizing structure or microstructure – property correlation Covers the processing of functional materials in detail, which helps in conceptualizing the applications of them
Author : Javaid Zaidi,Takeshi Matsuura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 439 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387735320
From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.
Author : Tatsuhiro Okada,Morihiro Saito,Kikuko Hayamizu
Publisher : Nova Science Pub Incorporated
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 1604568046
In this book the authors focus on the ion and water transport characteristics in Nafion and other perfluorinated ionomer membranes that are recently attracting attention in various fields such as water electrolysis, mineral recovery, electrochemical devises and energy conversion. Methodology of measurements and data analysis is first presented that enables basic characterisation of transport parameters in the perfluorinated ionomer membranes. Cation exchange isotherm data are collected in binary cation systems, with the aim to see the behaviours of cationic species that exist with H+ in the membrane. Water transference coefficients, ionic transference numbers, ionic mobilities and other membrane transport parameters are measured in single and mixed counter cation systems using electrochemical methods. Diffusion coefficients of water and cations are also measured by pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo NMR (PGSE-NMR) at various temperatures in different kinds of perfluorinated ionomer membranes. The results are discussed in two perspectives. One is to predict the hydration state in perfluorosulfonated ionomer membranes in relation to the possible degradation of performances in fuel cells under contaminated conditions with foreign cations. An analytical formulation of membrane transport equations with proper boundary conditions is proposed, and using various parameters of membrane transport, a simple diagnosis of water dehydration problem is carried out. This analysis leads one to an effective control of fuel cell operation conditions, especially from viewpoint of proper water management. The others are to elucidate the ion and water transport mechanisms in the membrane in relation to polymer structures (e.g., different ion exchange capacity), and to propose a new design concept of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications. Additionally for this purpose methanol and other alcohols are penetrated into the membrane, and alcohol permeability, membrane swelling, ionic conductivity and diffusion coefficients of water and CH3 are measured systematically for various kinds of membranes to cope with the problem of methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).It is found that in order to realise a high ionic conductivity in the membrane, one should aim at a polymer structure through molecular design that takes into account the relative size of ions with a hydration shell against the size and atmosphere of ionic channels. For DMFC, a partially cross-linked polymer chain with high degree of hydrophilic ion transport paths based on phase-separated structures is recommended. Various possibilities of such polymer electrolytes are discussed.