Performance Analysis And Tuning For General Purpose Graphics Processing Units Gpgpu

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Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU)

Hyesoon Kim,Richard Vuduc,Sara Baghsorkhi,Jee Choi,Wen-mei W. Hwu
Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units GPGPU Book PDF

Author : Hyesoon Kim,Richard Vuduc,Sara Baghsorkhi,Jee Choi,Wen-mei W. Hwu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017377

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Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) by Hyesoon Kim,Richard Vuduc,Sara Baghsorkhi,Jee Choi,Wen-mei W. Hwu Pdf

General-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes). In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques. Table of Contents: GPU Design, Programming, and Trends / Performance Principles / From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning / Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide Optimization

General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units

Fouad Sabry
General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units Book PDF

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2022-07-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : PKEY:6610000379279

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General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units by Fouad Sabry Pdf

What Is General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units The term "general-purpose computing on graphics processing units" (also known as "general-purpose computing on GPUs") refers to the practice of employing a graphics processing unit (GPU), which ordinarily performs computation only for the purpose of computer graphics, to carry out computation in programs that are typically performed by the central processing unit (CPU). The already parallel nature of graphics processing may be further parallelized by using numerous video cards in a single computer or a large number of graphics processors. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: General-purpose computing on graphics processing units Chapter 2: Supercomputer Chapter 3: Flynn's taxonomy Chapter 4: Graphics processing unit Chapter 5: Physics processing unit Chapter 6: Hardware acceleration Chapter 7: Stream processing Chapter 8: BrookGPU Chapter 9: CUDA Chapter 10: Close to Metal Chapter 11: Larrabee (microarchitecture) Chapter 12: AMD FireStream Chapter 13: OpenCL Chapter 14: OptiX Chapter 15: Fermi (microarchitecture) Chapter 16: Pascal (microarchitecture) Chapter 17: Single instruction, multiple threads Chapter 18: Multidimensional DSP with GPU Acceleration Chapter 19: Compute kernel Chapter 20: AI accelerator Chapter 21: ROCm (II) Answering the public top questions about general purpose computing on graphics processing units. (III) Real world examples for the usage of general purpose computing on graphics processing units in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of general purpose computing on graphics processing units' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of general purpose computing on graphics processing units.

General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures

Tor M. Aamodt,Wilson Wai Lun Fung,Timothy G. Rogers
General Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures Book PDF

Author : Tor M. Aamodt,Wilson Wai Lun Fung,Timothy G. Rogers
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017599

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General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures by Tor M. Aamodt,Wilson Wai Lun Fung,Timothy G. Rogers Pdf

Originally developed to support video games, graphics processor units (GPUs) are now increasingly used for general-purpose (non-graphics) applications ranging from machine learning to mining of cryptographic currencies. GPUs can achieve improved performance and efficiency versus central processing units (CPUs) by dedicating a larger fraction of hardware resources to computation. In addition, their general-purpose programmability makes contemporary GPUs appealing to software developers in comparison to domain-specific accelerators. This book provides an introduction to those interested in studying the architecture of GPUs that support general-purpose computing. It collects together information currently only found among a wide range of disparate sources. The authors led development of the GPGPU-Sim simulator widely used in academic research on GPU architectures. The first chapter of this book describes the basic hardware structure of GPUs and provides a brief overview of their history. Chapter 2 provides a summary of GPU programming models relevant to the rest of the book. Chapter 3 explores the architecture of GPU compute cores. Chapter 4 explores the architecture of the GPU memory system. After describing the architecture of existing systems, Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of related research. Chapter 5 summarizes cross-cutting research impacting both the compute core and memory system. This book should provide a valuable resource for those wishing to understand the architecture of graphics processor units (GPUs) used for acceleration of general-purpose applications and to those who want to obtain an introduction to the rapidly growing body of research exploring how to improve the architecture of these GPUs.

CUDA by Example

Jason Sanders,Edward Kandrot
CUDA by Example Book PDF

Author : Jason Sanders,Edward Kandrot
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780132180139

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CUDA by Example by Jason Sanders,Edward Kandrot Pdf

CUDA is a computing architecture designed to facilitate the development of parallel programs. In conjunction with a comprehensive software platform, the CUDA Architecture enables programmers to draw on the immense power of graphics processing units (GPUs) when building high-performance applications. GPUs, of course, have long been available for demanding graphics and game applications. CUDA now brings this valuable resource to programmers working on applications in other domains, including science, engineering, and finance. No knowledge of graphics programming is required—just the ability to program in a modestly extended version of C. CUDA by Example, written by two senior members of the CUDA software platform team, shows programmers how to employ this new technology. The authors introduce each area of CUDA development through working examples. After a concise introduction to the CUDA platform and architecture, as well as a quick-start guide to CUDA C, the book details the techniques and trade-offs associated with each key CUDA feature. You’ll discover when to use each CUDA C extension and how to write CUDA software that delivers truly outstanding performance. Major topics covered include Parallel programming Thread cooperation Constant memory and events Texture memory Graphics interoperability Atomics Streams CUDA C on multiple GPUs Advanced atomics Additional CUDA resources All the CUDA software tools you’ll need are freely available for download from NVIDIA. http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cuda-by-example.html

Computational Science – ICCS 2020

Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya,Gábor Závodszky,Michael H. Lees,Jack J. Dongarra,Peter M. A. Sloot,Sérgio Brissos,João Teixeira
Computational Science ICCS 2020 Book PDF

Author : Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya,Gábor Závodszky,Michael H. Lees,Jack J. Dongarra,Peter M. A. Sloot,Sérgio Brissos,João Teixeira
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 726 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030503710

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Computational Science – ICCS 2020 by Valeria V. Krzhizhanovskaya,Gábor Závodszky,Michael H. Lees,Jack J. Dongarra,Peter M. A. Sloot,Sérgio Brissos,João Teixeira Pdf

The seven-volume set LNCS 12137, 12138, 12139, 12140, 12141, 12142, and 12143 constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2020, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in June 2020.* The total of 101 papers and 248 workshop papers presented in this book set were carefully reviewed and selected from 719 submissions (230 submissions to the main track and 489 submissions to the workshops). The papers were organized in topical sections named: Part I: ICCS Main Track Part II: ICCS Main Track Part III: Advances in High-Performance Computational Earth Sciences: Applications and Frameworks; Agent-Based Simulations, Adaptive Algorithms and Solvers; Applications of Computational Methods in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning; Biomedical and Bioinformatics Challenges for Computer Science Part IV: Classifier Learning from Difficult Data; Complex Social Systems through the Lens of Computational Science; Computational Health; Computational Methods for Emerging Problems in (Dis-)Information Analysis Part V: Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation; Computational Science in IoT and Smart Systems; Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence Part VI: Data Driven Computational Sciences; Machine Learning and Data Assimilation for Dynamical Systems; Meshfree Methods in Computational Sciences; Multiscale Modelling and Simulation; Quantum Computing Workshop Part VII: Simulations of Flow and Transport: Modeling, Algorithms and Computation; Smart Systems: Bringing Together Computer Vision, Sensor Networks and Machine Learning; Software Engineering for Computational Science; Solving Problems with Uncertainties; Teaching Computational Science; UNcErtainty QUantIficatiOn for ComputationAl modeLs *The conference was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks

Vivienne Sze,Yu-Hsin Chen,Tien-Ju Yang,Joel S. Emer
Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks Book PDF

Author : Vivienne Sze,Yu-Hsin Chen,Tien-Ju Yang,Joel S. Emer
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781681738321

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Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks by Vivienne Sze,Yu-Hsin Chen,Tien-Ju Yang,Joel S. Emer Pdf

This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of the DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as a formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary works that provides insights that may spark new ideas.

Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization

Edouard Bugnion,Jason Nieh,Dan Tsafrir
Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization Book PDF

Author : Edouard Bugnion,Jason Nieh,Dan Tsafrir
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017537

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Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization by Edouard Bugnion,Jason Nieh,Dan Tsafrir Pdf

This book focuses on the core question of the necessary architectural support provided by hardware to efficiently run virtual machines, and of the corresponding design of the hypervisors that run them. Virtualization is still possible when the instruction set architecture lacks such support, but the hypervisor remains more complex and must rely on additional techniques. Despite the focus on architectural support in current architectures, some historical perspective is necessary to appropriately frame the problem. The first half of the book provides the historical perspective of the theoretical framework developed four decades ago by Popek and Goldberg. It also describes earlier systems that enabled virtualization despite the lack of architectural support in hardware. As is often the case, theory defines a necessary—but not sufficient—set of features, and modern architectures are the result of the combination of the theoretical framework with insights derived from practical systems. The second half of the book describes state-of-the-art support for virtualization in both x86-64 and ARM processors. This book includes an in-depth description of the CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization of these two processor architectures, as well as case studies on the Linux/KVM, VMware, and Xen hypervisors. It concludes with a performance comparison of virtualization on current-generation x86- and ARM-based systems across multiple hypervisors.

A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition

Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017643

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A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence, Second Edition by Vijay Nagarajan,Daniel J. Sorin,Mark D. Hill,David A. Wood Pdf

Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

On-Chip Photonic Interconnects

Christopher J. Nitta,Matthew Farrens,Venkatesh Akella
On Chip Photonic Interconnects Book PDF

Author : Christopher J. Nitta,Matthew Farrens,Venkatesh Akella
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017742

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On-Chip Photonic Interconnects by Christopher J. Nitta,Matthew Farrens,Venkatesh Akella Pdf

As the number of cores on a chip continues to climb, architects will need to address both bandwidth and power consumption issues related to the interconnection network. Electrical interconnects are not likely to scale well to a large number of processors for energy efficiency reasons, and the problem is compounded by the fact that there is a fixed total power budget for a die, dictated by the amount of heat that can be dissipated without special (and expensive) cooling and packaging techniques. Thus, there is a need to seek alternatives to electrical signaling for on-chip interconnection applications. Photonics, which has a fundamentally different mechanism of signal propagation, offers the potential to not only overcome the drawbacks of electrical signaling, but also enable the architect to build energy efficient, scalable systems. The purpose of this book is to introduce computer architects to the possibilities and challenges of working with photons and designing on-chip photonic interconnection networks.

Innovations in the Memory System

Rajeev Balasubramonian
Innovations in the Memory System Book PDF

Author : Rajeev Balasubramonian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031017636

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Innovations in the Memory System by Rajeev Balasubramonian Pdf

The memory system has the potential to be a hub for future innovation. While conventional memory systems focused primarily on high density, other memory system metrics like energy, security, and reliability are grabbing modern research headlines. With processor performance stagnating, it is also time to consider new programming models that move some application computations into the memory system. This, in turn, will lead to feature-rich memory systems with new interfaces. The past decade has seen a number of memory system innovations that point to this future where the memory system will be much more than dense rows of unintelligent bits. This book takes a tour through recent and prominent research works, touching upon new DRAM chip designs and technologies, near data processing approaches, new memory channel architectures, techniques to tolerate the overheads of refresh and fault tolerance, security attacks and mitigations, and memory scheduling.

Advances in GPU Research and Practice

Hamid Sarbazi Azad
Advances in GPU Research and Practice Book PDF

Author : Hamid Sarbazi Azad
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 774 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780128037881

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Advances in GPU Research and Practice by Hamid Sarbazi Azad Pdf

Advances in GPU Research and Practice focuses on research and practices in GPU based systems. The topics treated cover a range of issues, ranging from hardware and architectural issues, to high level issues, such as application systems, parallel programming, middleware, and power and energy issues. Divided into six parts, this edited volume provides the latest research on GPU computing. Part I: Architectural Solutions focuses on the architectural topics that improve on performance of GPUs, Part II: System Software discusses OS, compilers, libraries, programming environment, languages, and paradigms that are proposed and analyzed to help and support GPU programmers. Part III: Power and Reliability Issues covers different aspects of energy, power, and reliability concerns in GPUs. Part IV: Performance Analysis illustrates mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs. Part V: Algorithms presents how to design efficient algorithms and analyze their complexity for GPUs. Part VI: Applications and Related Topics provides use cases and examples of how GPUs are used across many sectors. Discusses how to maximize power and obtain peak reliability when designing, building, and using GPUs Covers system software (OS, compilers), programming environments, languages, and paradigms proposed to help and support GPU programmers Explains how to use mathematical and analytical techniques to predict different performance metrics in GPUs Illustrates the design of efficient GPU algorithms in areas such as bioinformatics, complex systems, social networks, and cryptography Provides applications and use case scenarios in several different verticals, including medicine, social sciences, image processing, and telecommunications

Network and Parallel Computing

Ching-Hsien Hsu,Xuanhua Shi,Valentina Salapura
Network and Parallel Computing Book PDF

Author : Ching-Hsien Hsu,Xuanhua Shi,Valentina Salapura
Publisher : Springer
Page : 626 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783662449172

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Network and Parallel Computing by Ching-Hsien Hsu,Xuanhua Shi,Valentina Salapura Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2014, held in Ilan, Taiwan, in September 2014. The 42 full papers and 24 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 196 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on systems, networks, and architectures, parallel and multi-core technologies, virtualization and cloud computing technologies, applications of parallel and distributed computing, and I/O, file systems, and data management.

Computer Vision Metrics

Scott Krig
Computer Vision Metrics Book PDF

Author : Scott Krig
Publisher : Apress
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781430259305

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Computer Vision Metrics by Scott Krig Pdf

Computer Vision Metrics provides an extensive survey and analysis of over 100 current and historical feature description and machine vision methods, with a detailed taxonomy for local, regional and global features. This book provides necessary background to develop intuition about why interest point detectors and feature descriptors actually work, how they are designed, with observations about tuning the methods for achieving robustness and invariance targets for specific applications. The survey is broader than it is deep, with over 540 references provided to dig deeper. The taxonomy includes search methods, spectra components, descriptor representation, shape, distance functions, accuracy, efficiency, robustness and invariance attributes, and more. Rather than providing ‘how-to’ source code examples and shortcuts, this book provides a counterpoint discussion to the many fine opencv community source code resources available for hands-on practitioners.

Informatics Engineering and Information Science, Part III

Azizah Abd Manaf,Shamsul Sahibuddin,Rabiah Ahmad,Salwani Mohd Daud,Eyas El-Qawasmeh
Informatics Engineering and Information Science Part III Book PDF

Author : Azizah Abd Manaf,Shamsul Sahibuddin,Rabiah Ahmad,Salwani Mohd Daud,Eyas El-Qawasmeh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 717 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-11-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642254628

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Informatics Engineering and Information Science, Part III by Azizah Abd Manaf,Shamsul Sahibuddin,Rabiah Ahmad,Salwani Mohd Daud,Eyas El-Qawasmeh Pdf

This 4-Volume-Set, CCIS 0251 - CCIS 0254, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics Engineering and Information Science, ICIEIS 2011, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in November 2011. The 210 revised full papers presented together with invited papers in the 4 volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on e-learning, information security, software engineering, image processing, algorithms, artificial intelligence and soft computing, e-commerce, data mining, neural networks, social networks, grid computing, biometric technologies, networks, distributed and parallel computing, wireless networks, information and data management, web applications and software systems, multimedia, ad hoc networks, mobile computing, as well as miscellaneous topics in digital information and communications.

Parallel Computing

Barbara Chapman
Parallel Computing Book PDF

Author : Barbara Chapman
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 760 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781607505297

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Parallel Computing by Barbara Chapman Pdf

From Multicores and GPUs to Petascale. Parallel computing technologies have brought dramatic changes to mainstream computing the majority of todays PCs, laptops and even notebooks incorporate multiprocessor chips with up to four processors. Standard components are increasingly combined with GPUs Graphics Processing Unit, originally designed for high-speed graphics processing, and FPGAs Free Programmable Gate Array to build parallel computers with a wide spectrum of high-speed processing functions. The scale of this powerful hardware is limited only by factors such as energy consumption and thermal control. However, in addition to"