Performance Evaluation Of Electronic Oscillators

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Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators

Amal Banerjee
Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Amal Banerjee
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-09-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030256784

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Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators by Amal Banerjee Pdf

This book demonstrates a novel, efficient and automated scheme to design and evaluate the performance of electronic oscillators, operating at the 100s of Megahertz to 10s of Gigahertz frequencies. The author describes a new oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the issues associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design technique by exploiting the properties of a new breed of RF or microwave transistors, the powerful Discrete Fourier Transform and the SPICE tool's transient analysis. Readers will benefit from an exhaustive set of detailed, step-by-step oscillator (feedback, negative resistance, crystal and differential) design examples, as well as the software tools (C executables) used to create the design examples. Designers will be enabled to eliminate the complexities of the traditional oscillator design/performance evaluation scheme using S (large, small) parameter, resulting in accurate, robust and reliable designs. Describes an efficient, automated oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the challenges associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design; Provides numerous step-by-step design examples, illustrating the details of the new scheme presented; Includes C executables that run on both Linux and Windows, which the reader can use to experiment and design any oscillator (feedback common emitter or base, negative resistance common emitter or base or differential).

Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators

Amal Banerjee
Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Amal Banerjee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronics
ISBN : 3030256790

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Performance Evaluation of Electronic Oscillators by Amal Banerjee Pdf

This book demonstrates a novel, efficient and automated scheme to design and evaluate the performance of electronic oscillators, operating at the 100s of Megahertz to 10s of Gigahertz frequencies. The author describes a new oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the issues associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design technique by exploiting the properties of a new breed of RF or microwave transistors, the powerful Discrete Fourier Transform and the SPICE tool's transient analysis. Readers will benefit from an exhaustive set of detailed, step-by-step oscillator (feedback, negative resistance, crystal and differential) design examples, as well as the software tools (C executables) used to create the design examples. Designers will be enabled to eliminate the complexities of the traditional oscillator design/performance evaluation scheme using S (large, small) parameter, resulting in accurate, robust and reliable designs. Describes an efficient, automated oscillator design and performance evaluation scheme that addresses all the challenges associated with the traditional S parameter (large, small signal) based oscillator design; Provides numerous step-by-step design examples, illustrating the details of the new scheme presented; Includes C executables that run on both Linux and Windows, which the reader can use to experiment and design any oscillator (feedback common emitter or base, negative resistance common emitter or base or differential).

Oscillators and Oscillator Systems

Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund
Oscillators and Oscillator Systems Book PDF

Author : Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781475761177

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Oscillators and Oscillator Systems by Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund Pdf

In many electronic systems, such as telecommunication or measurement systems, oscillations play an essential role in the information processing. Each electronic system poses different requirements on these oscillations, depending on the type and performance level of that specific system. It is the designer's challenge to find the specifications for the desired oscillation and to implement an electronic circuit meeting these specifications. As the desired oscillations have to fulfill many requirements, the design process can become very complex. To find an optimal solution, the designer requires a design methodology that is preferably completely top-down oriented. To achieve such a methodology, it must be assured that each property of the system can be optimized independently of all other properties. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis takes a systematic approach to the design of high-performance oscillators and oscillator systems. A fundamental classification of oscillators, based on their internal timing references, forms the basis of this approach. The classification enables the designer to make strategic design decisions at a high hierarchical level of the design process. Techniques, derived from the systematic approach, are supplied to the designer to enable him or her to bring the performance of the system as close as possible to the fundamental limits. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis is an excellent reference for researchers and circuit designers, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators

Luis B. Oliveira,Jorge R. Fernandes,Igor M. Filanovsky,Chris J. M. Verhoeven,Manuel M. Silva
Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Luis B. Oliveira,Jorge R. Fernandes,Igor M. Filanovsky,Chris J. M. Verhoeven,Manuel M. Silva
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2008-07-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402085161

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Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators by Luis B. Oliveira,Jorge R. Fernandes,Igor M. Filanovsky,Chris J. M. Verhoeven,Manuel M. Silva Pdf

Modern RF receivers and transmitters require quadrature oscillators with accurate quadrature and low phase-noise. Existing literature is dedicated mainly to single oscillators, and is strongly biased towards LC oscillators. This book is devoted to quadrature oscillatorsand presents adetailed comparative study ofLC and RCosc- lators, both at architectural and at circuit levels. It is shown that in cross-coupled RC oscillators both the quadrature error and phase-noise are reduced, whereas in LC - cillators the coupling decreases the quadrature error, but increases the phase-noise. Thus, quadrature RC oscillators can be a practical alternative to LC oscillators, - pecially when area and cost are to be minimized. The main topics of the book are: cross-coupled LC quasi-sinusoidal oscillators, cross-coupled RC relaxation oscillators, a quadrature RC oscillator-mixer, and t- integrator oscillators. The effect of mismatches on the phase-error and the pha- noise are thoroughly investigated. The book includes many experimental results, obtained from different integrated circuit prototypes, in the GHz range. A structured design approach is followed: a technology independent study, with ideal blocks, is performed initially, and then the circuit level design is addressed. This book can be used in advanced courses on RF circuit design. In addition to post-graduate students and lecturers, this book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in this area.

The Design of Modern Microwave Oscillators for Wireless Applications

Ulrich L. Rohde,Ajay K. Poddar,Georg Böck
The Design of Modern Microwave Oscillators for Wireless Applications Book PDF

Author : Ulrich L. Rohde,Ajay K. Poddar,Georg Böck
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2005-05-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780471727163

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The Design of Modern Microwave Oscillators for Wireless Applications by Ulrich L. Rohde,Ajay K. Poddar,Georg Böck Pdf

Delivering the best possible solution for phase noise and outputpower efficiency in oscillators This complete and thorough analysis of microwave oscillatorsinvestigates all aspects of design, with particular emphasis onoperating conditions, choice of resonators and transistors, phasenoise, and output power. It covers both bipolar transistors andFETs. Following the authors' guidance, readers learn how to designmicrowave oscillators and VCOs that can be tuned over a very widefrequency range, yet have good phase noise, are low cost, and aresmall in size. All the essential topics in oscillator design anddevelopment are covered, including: * Device and resonator technology * Study of noise sources * Analysis methods * Design, calculation, and optimization methodologies * Practical design of single and coupled oscillators While most of the current literature in the field concentrates onclassic design strategies based on measurements, simulation, andoptimization of output power and phase noise, this text offers aunique approach that focuses on the complete understanding of thedesign process. The material demonstrates important design rulesstarting with the selection of best oscillator topology, choice oftransistors, and complete phase noise analysis that leads tooptimum performance of all relevant oscillator features. Alsoincluded are CMOS oscillators, which recently have become importantin cellular applications. For readers interested in specializedapplications and topics, a full chapter provides all the necessaryreferences. The contents of the text fall into two major categories: * Chapters 1 through 9 deal with a very detailed and expandedsingle resonator oscillator, including a thorough treatment of bothnonlinear analysis and phase noise * Chapters 10 and 11 use the knowledge obtained and apply it tomultiple coupled oscillators (synchronized oscillators) This text is partially based on research sponsored by the DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the United StatesArmy and conducted by Synergy Microwave Corporation. With thewealth of information provided for the analysis and practicaldesign of single and synchronized low-noise microwave oscillators,it is recommended reading for all RF microwave engineers. Inaddition, the text's comprehensive, step-by-step approach makes itan excellent graduate-level textbook.

Sinusoidal Oscillators and Waveform Generators using Modern Electronic Circuit Building Blocks

Raj Senani,D. R. Bhaskar,V. K. Singh,R. K. Sharma
Sinusoidal Oscillators and Waveform Generators using Modern Electronic Circuit Building Blocks Book PDF

Author : Raj Senani,D. R. Bhaskar,V. K. Singh,R. K. Sharma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319237121

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Sinusoidal Oscillators and Waveform Generators using Modern Electronic Circuit Building Blocks by Raj Senani,D. R. Bhaskar,V. K. Singh,R. K. Sharma Pdf

This book serves as a single-source reference to sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators, using classical as well as a variety of modern electronic circuit building blocks. It provides a state-of-the-art review of a large variety of sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators and includes a catalogue of over 600 configurations of oscillators and waveform generators, describing their relevant design details and salient performance features/limitations. The authors discuss a number of interesting, open research problems and include a comprehensive collection of over 1500 references on oscillators and non-sinusoidal waveform generators/relaxation oscillators. Offers readers a single-source reference to everything connected to sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators, using classical as well as modern electronic circuit building blocks; Provides a state-of-the-art review of a large variety of sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators; Includes a catalog of over 600 configurations of oscillators and waveform generators, with their relevant design details and their salient performance features/limitations.

Multiphase Reference Signal Generation Using Coupled Oscillators

Mohammad Hekmat
Multiphase Reference Signal Generation Using Coupled Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Mohammad Hekmat
Publisher : Stanford University
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:rk497xk1645

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Multiphase Reference Signal Generation Using Coupled Oscillators by Mohammad Hekmat Pdf

The continuing trend toward higher frequencies of operation poses formidable challenges in the design of multiphase reference signals at mm-wave frequencies and beyond. Conventional multiphase reference generation techniques face serious implementation or performance challenges when scaled to microwave and mm-wave frequencies. Ring oscillators suffer from poor phase noise, and hence fail to fulfill the stringent requirements of most wireless applications. Generating multiphase signals by dividing the output of an oscillator operating at multiples of the intended frequency of operation is impractical when frequencies approach the mm-wave range. Cross-coupled LC oscillators have been explored as a promising alternative for multiphase and, in particular, quadrature generation. However, the frequency ambiguity that results from multiple modes of operation, as well as the severe phase noise degradation due to their inherent off-resonance operation, has inhibited their utilization in practice. This work introduces a new topology for coupled oscillators that solves the frequency ambiguity issue and mitigates phase noise degradation in coupled oscillators by employing an array of LC oscillators that are coupled in a bidirectional fashion. The proposed bidirectional coupling enforces operation at the resonance frequency of the LC tanks of the oscillator in the loop, a property that proves to be key in solving both the aforementioned issues. A quadrature frequency doubling topology using bidirectionally-coupled oscillators is also presented. The proposed approach relaxes the linearity requirements on the mixers employed in the circuit, thus allowing the frequency doubler to use highly nonlinear mixers. An experimental prototype integrated in a 90-nm CMOS technology provides output phases in increments of 45 degrees and achieves a phase noise of −101 dBc/Hz at 1- MHz offset from a 19.6-GHz carrier. The quadrature 40-GHz signal generated on chip drives a single-sideband transmitter that achieves a sideband suppression of better than 45 dB.

Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators

Liang Dai,Ramesh Harjani
Design of High Performance CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Liang Dai,Ramesh Harjani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461511458

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Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators by Liang Dai,Ramesh Harjani Pdf

Design of High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillators presents a phase noise modeling framework for CMOS ring oscillators. The analysis considers both linear and nonlinear operation. It indicates that fast rail-to-rail switching has to be achieved to minimize phase noise. Additionally, in conventional design the flicker noise in the bias circuit can potentially dominate the phase noise at low offset frequencies. Therefore, for narrow bandwidth PLLs, noise up conversion for the bias circuits should be minimized. We define the effective Q factor (Qeff) for ring oscillators and predict its increase for CMOS processes with smaller feature sizes. Our phase noise analysis is validated via simulation and measurement results. The digital switching noise coupled through the power supply and substrate is usually the dominant source of clock jitter. Improving the supply and substrate noise immunity of a PLL is a challenging job in hostile environments such as a microprocessor chip where millions of digital gates are present.

A Review of Precision Oscillators

H. Hellwig
A Review of Precision Oscillators Book PDF

Author : H. Hellwig
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Frequency standards
ISBN : UIUC:30112106653717

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A Review of Precision Oscillators by H. Hellwig Pdf

Precision oscillators used in PTTI applications include quartz crystal, rubidium gas cell, cesium beam, and hydrogen maser oscillators. A general characterization and comparison of these devices is given, including accuracy, stability, environmental sensitivity, size, weight, power consumption, availability, and cost.

The Designer's Guide to Jitter in Ring Oscillators

John A. McNeill,David Ricketts
The Designer s Guide to Jitter in Ring Oscillators Book PDF

Author : John A. McNeill,David Ricketts
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387765280

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The Designer's Guide to Jitter in Ring Oscillators by John A. McNeill,David Ricketts Pdf

This guide emphasizes jitter for time domain applications so that there is not a need to translate from frequency domain. This provides a more direct path to the results for designing in an application area where performance is specified in the time domain. The book includes classification of oscillator types and an exhaustive guide to existing research literature. It also includes classification of measurement techniques to help designers understand how the eventual performance of circuit design is verified.

Structured Electronic Design

Arie van Staveren,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund
Structured Electronic Design Book PDF

Author : Arie van Staveren,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006-04-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780306481697

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Structured Electronic Design by Arie van Staveren,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur H.M. van Roermund Pdf

Analog design still has, unfortunately, a flavor of art. Art can be beautiful. However, art in itself is difficult to teach to students and difficult to transfer from experienced analog designers to new trainee designers in companies. Structured Electronic Design: High-Performance Harmonic Oscillators and Bandgap References aims to systemize analog design. The use of orthogonalization of the design of the fundamental quality aspects (noise, distortion, and bandwidth) and hierarchy in the subsequent design steps, enables designers to achieve high-performance designs, in a relatively short time. As a result of the systematic design procedure, the effect of design decisions on the circuit performance is made clear. Additionally, the use of resources for reaching a specified performance is tracked. This book, therefore, describes the structured electronic design of high-performance harmonic oscillators and bandgap references. The structured design of harmonic oscillators includes the maximization of the carrier-to- noise ratio by means of tapping, i.e. an impedance adaption method for noise matching. The bandgap reference, a popular implementation of a voltage reference, is studied via the unusual concept of the linear combination of base-emitter voltages. The presented method leads to the design of high-performance references in CMOS and Bipolar technology. Using this concept, on a high level of abstraction the quality with respect to, for instance, noise and power-supply rejection can be identified. In this book, it is shown with several design examples that this method provides an excellent starting point for the design of high-performance bandgap references. Auxiliary to the harmonic-oscillator and bandgap reference design are the negative- feedback amplifiers. In this book the systematic design of the dynamic behavior is emphasized. By means of the identification of the dominant poles, it is possible to give an upper limit of the attainable bandwidth, even before the real frequency compensation is accomplished. Structured Electronic Design: High-Performance Harmonic Oscillators and Bandgap References is a valuable book for researchers and designers, as well as students in the field of analog design. It helps both the experienced and trainee designer to come to grips with the design of analog circuits. The presented method is illustrated by several well- described design examples.

Laser Optoelectronic Oscillators

Alexander A. Bortsov,Yuri B. Il’in,Sergey M. Smolskiy
Laser Optoelectronic Oscillators Book PDF

Author : Alexander A. Bortsov,Yuri B. Il’in,Sergey M. Smolskiy
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030457006

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Laser Optoelectronic Oscillators by Alexander A. Bortsov,Yuri B. Il’in,Sergey M. Smolskiy Pdf

This book is devoted to the theoretical and experimental investigation of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with direct and external modulation of laser emission. Such devices, sources of precision radio frequency oscillations using laser excitation, are novel and technologically relevant, with manifold possible applications. The book includes a review of the present state of the theory and generation techniques in microwave and mm-wave ranges for traditional and optoelectronic oscillators, description of OEO construction and operation principles, theoretical oscillation analysis and mathematical description of the relevant semi-classical laser physics, and investigation of the power spectral density of noises. Technical features and advantages of OEOs with external and direct modulation of laser emission are discussed together with functional diagrams. The characteristics of OEOs are compared with other traditional RF oscillators, such as quartz, surface acoustic waves, and oscillators with electromagnetic wave cavities. Special attention is paid to Q-factors and phase noises of RF carriers at small offsets. The authors discuss the technical characteristics of modern optoelectronic methods for precision RF oscillation formation, such as commercial large-dimension and compact quantum frequency standards with optical pumping on cesium and rubidium cells. This book is aimed at scientists and engineers in academia and industry who work with sources of microwave and mm-wave signals.

Oscillators and Oscillator Systems

Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur van Roermund
Oscillators and Oscillator Systems Book PDF

Author : Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur van Roermund
Publisher : Springer
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 147576118X

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Oscillators and Oscillator Systems by Jan R. Westra,Chris J.M. Verhoeven,Arthur van Roermund Pdf

In many electronic systems, such as telecommunication or measurement systems, oscillations play an essential role in the information processing. Each electronic system poses different requirements on these oscillations, depending on the type and performance level of that specific system. It is the designer's challenge to find the specifications for the desired oscillation and to implement an electronic circuit meeting these specifications. As the desired oscillations have to fulfill many requirements, the design process can become very complex. To find an optimal solution, the designer requires a design methodology that is preferably completely top-down oriented. To achieve such a methodology, it must be assured that each property of the system can be optimized independently of all other properties. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis takes a systematic approach to the design of high-performance oscillators and oscillator systems. A fundamental classification of oscillators, based on their internal timing references, forms the basis of this approach. The classification enables the designer to make strategic design decisions at a high hierarchical level of the design process. Techniques, derived from the systematic approach, are supplied to the designer to enable him or her to bring the performance of the system as close as possible to the fundamental limits. Oscillators and Oscillator Systems: Classification, Analysis and Synthesis is an excellent reference for researchers and circuit designers, and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Fiber Optics

Guillermo Huerta-Cuellar
Fiber Optics Book PDF

Author : Guillermo Huerta-Cuellar
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781839696268

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Fiber Optics by Guillermo Huerta-Cuellar Pdf

The importance and necessity of communications systems have become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of new technologies that permit the best performance of these systems is paramount, and optical fibers play an important role in this area. This book examines new technological developments to improve optical fiber technology, with applications in communications systems, optoelectronics integration, and the scientific study of live microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Applications of Modern RF Photonics

Preetpaul Singh Devgan
Applications of Modern RF Photonics Book PDF

Author : Preetpaul Singh Devgan
Publisher : Artech House
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781630815240

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Applications of Modern RF Photonics by Preetpaul Singh Devgan Pdf

This unique new resource presents applications of modern RF photonic systems that use RF photonic components for commonly used signal processing systems. This book provides insight into how a variety of systems work together, including RF down conversion, analog to digital conversion, RF oscillators, and frequency identification. A comparison of analog versus digital systems is presented. Readers find in-depth coverage of analog delay lines using RF photonics, various system architectures, and details about RF photonic component performance. Signal processing utilizing RF photonics and the need for down conversion is discussed. The many advancements in analog delay line performance are explained, including those in photodetector, optical fibers, and optical and amplifier modulators. The book highlights the advantages of using oscillators utilizing RF photonics and explores the elements of phase noise, timing jitter, and optoelectronic oscillators. The benefits of signal identification, isolation, and separation of RF photonics are identified. Professionals are brought up to speed on RF frequency identification using optical injection locking. The book provides discussions on the fundamentals and advancements in integrated RF photonics and explains how to design an RF photonic downconverter. It covers additional applications of integrated photonic circuits and gives an explanation of why to use different modulation formats for different applications.