Personal Income Tax Progressivity Trends And Implications

Author : Claudia Gerber,Mr.Alexander D Klemm,Ms.Li Liu,Victor Mylonas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484383087

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Personal Income Tax Progressivity: Trends and Implications by Claudia Gerber,Mr.Alexander D Klemm,Ms.Li Liu,Victor Mylonas Pdf

This paper discusses how the structure of the tax system affects its progressivity. It suggests a measure of progressive capacity of tax systems, based on the Kakwani index, but independent of pre-tax income distributions. Using this and other progressivity measures, the paper (i) documents a decline in progressivity over the last decades and (ii) examines the relationship between progressivity and economic growth. Regressions do not reveal a significant impact of progressivity on growth, suggesting that efficiency costs of progressivity may be small—at least for degrees of progressivity observed in the sample.

Author : Joel Slemrod
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1996-10-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 052158776X

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Tax Progressivity and Income Inequality by Joel Slemrod Pdf

This book assembles nine papers on tax progressivity and its relationship to income inequality, written by leading public finance economists. The papers document the changes during the 1980s in progressivity at the federal, state, and local level in the US. One chapter investigates the extent to which the declining progressivity contributed to the well-documented increase in income inequality over the past two decades, while others investigate the economic impact and cost of progressive tax systems. Special attention is given to the behavioral response to taxation of high-income individuals, portfolio behavior, and the taxation of capital gains. The concluding set of essays addresses the contentious issue of what constitutes a 'fair' tax system, contrasting public attitudes towards alternative tax systems to economists' notions of fairness. Each essay is followed by remarks of a commentator plus a summary of the discussion among contributors.

Author : Claudia Gerber,Mr.Alexander D Klemm,Ms.Li Liu,Victor Mylonas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484386002

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Personal Income Tax Progressivity: Trends and Implications by Claudia Gerber,Mr.Alexander D Klemm,Ms.Li Liu,Victor Mylonas Pdf

This paper discusses how the structure of the tax system affects its progressivity. It suggests a measure of progressive capacity of tax systems, based on the Kakwani index, but independent of pre-tax income distributions. Using this and other progressivity measures, the paper (i) documents a decline in progressivity over the last decades and (ii) examines the relationship between progressivity and economic growth. Regressions do not reveal a significant impact of progressivity on growth, suggesting that efficiency costs of progressivity may be small—at least for degrees of progressivity observed in the sample.

Author : Ms. Dora Benedek,Juan Carlos Benitez,Charles Vellutini
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400201134

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Progress of the Personal Income Tax in Emerging and Developing Countries by Ms. Dora Benedek,Juan Carlos Benitez,Charles Vellutini Pdf

Personal Income Tax (PIT) is one of the key sources of revenues in Advanced Economies (AEs) but plays a much more limited role in Low-Income Developing Countries (LIDCs) and Emerging Market Economies (EMEs), both in terms of revenue and redistributive impact. Notwithstanding, this paper shows that LIDCs and EMEs increased their PIT-to-GDP revenue by 110 and 48 percent, respectively, during the 1990-2019 period, a marked improvement in the PIT revenue performance. We find that this rise was driven primarily by economic developments and to a lesser extent by changes in the design of PIT systems. We also find that LIDCs that improved their tax-to-GDP ratios relied on a broader set of tax instruments and not exclusively on the PIT, suggesting that a successful revenue mobilization strategy of developing countries requires a comprehensive approach covering a wider range of taxes. Finally, using a newly assembled dataset of PIT characteristics of 157 countries over the 2006-2018 period, we estimate a novel redistribution index of the PIT in LIDCs. We show that the contribution of the PIT to inequality reductions has been significant.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCR:31210014032948

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Methodology and Issues in Measuring Changes in the Distribution of Tax Burdens by Anonim Pdf

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Author : Mr.David Coady,Nghia-Piotr Le
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513547046

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Designing Fiscal Redistribution: The Role of Universal and Targeted Transfers by Mr.David Coady,Nghia-Piotr Le Pdf

There is a growing debate on the relative merits of universal and targeted social assistance transfers in achieving income redistribution objectives. While the benefits of targeting are clear, i.e., a larger poverty impact for a given transfer budget or lower fiscal cost for a given poverty impact, in practice targeting also comes with various costs, including incentive, administrative, social and political costs. The appropriate balance between targeted and universal transfers will therefore depend on how countries decide to trade-off these costs and benefits as well as on the potential for redistribution through taxes. This paper discusses the trade-offs that arise in different country contexts and the potential for strengthening fiscal redistribution in advanced and developing countries, including through expanding transfer coverage and progressive tax financing.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Tax revenue estimating
ISBN : MINN:30000003830357

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Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax by Anonim Pdf

Author : Jason Clemens
Publisher : The Fraser Institute
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Fiscal policy
ISBN : 9780889752290

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The Impact and Cost of Taxation in Canada by Jason Clemens Pdf

"There is increasing interest in, and recognition of, the need for both tax reduction and tax reform in Canada. This book provides the rationale for tax reform and a road map for that reform. The book includes 5 chapters from leading experts in the field and provides a persuasive, compelling case for tax reform in Canada." "The Impact of Taxes on Economic Behavior by Milagros Palacios and Kumi Harischandra offers a broad overview of the incentive effects associated with taxes that affect our decisions to work more, to save, to invest, and to engage in entrepreneurial activity." "Compliance and Administrative Costs of Taxation in Canada by renowned University of Montreal economics professor Francois Vaillancourt and Jason Clemens provides readers with an understanding of the vast costs associated with administering, and complying with, our current tax system."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : David Alan Green,William Craig Riddell,France St-Hilaire
Publisher : Art of the State
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0886453291

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Income Inequality by David Alan Green,William Craig Riddell,France St-Hilaire Pdf

"Rising income inequality has been at the forefront of public debate in Canada in recent years, yet there is still much to be learned about the economic forces driving the distribution of earnings and income in this country and how they might evolve in coming years. With research showing that the tax-and-transfer system is less effective than in the past in counteracting growing income disparities, the need for policy-makers to understand the factors at play is all the more urgent. The Institute for Research on Public Policy, in collaboration with the Canadian Labour Market and Skills Researcher Network, has gathered some of the country’s leading experts to provide new evidence on the causes and effects of rising income inequality in Canada and to consider the role of policy. Their research and analysis constitutes a comprehensive review of Canadian inequality trends in recent decades, including changing earnings and income dynamics among middle--class and top earners, wage and job polarization across provinces, and persistent poverty among vulnerable groups. The authors also examine the changing role of education and unionization, as well as the complex interplay of redistributive policies and politics, in order to propose new directions for policy. Amid growing anxieties about the economic prospects of the middle class, Income Inequality: The Canadian Story will inform the public discourse on this issue of central concern for all Canadians."--Publisher's website.

Author : Khaled Abdel-Kader,Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513561561

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Tax Policy and Inclusive Growth by Khaled Abdel-Kader,Ruud A. de Mooij Pdf

This paper discusses the theory and practice of tax design to achieve an efficient and equitable outcome, i.e. in support of inclusive growth. It starts with a discussion of the key principles from tax theory to guide practical tax design. Then, it elaborates on more granular tax policy, discussing key choices in the structure of the personal income tax on labor and capital income, taxes on wealth, the corporate income tax, and consumption taxes. The paper concludes by highlighting the political economy considerations of the issues with concrete recommedtions as to how to implement tax reform.

Author : Ms. Alpa Shah
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513599663

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Natural Resource Taxation in Mexico: Some Considerations by Ms. Alpa Shah Pdf

Mexico has large extractive industries and it traditionally has raised sizable fiscal revenues from the oil and gas sector. A confluence of factors—elevated commodity prices, financial challenges of the state-owned oil company Pemex, and revenue needs for financing social and public investment spending over the medium term—suggest that a review of Mexico’s taxation regimes for natural resources would be opportune, against the backdrop of a comprehensive approach to tackling Mexico’s challenges. This paper identifies opportunities for redesigning mining taxation to increase somewhat the revenue intake while maintaining the favorable investment profile of the sector. It also discusses recent reforms to the oil and gas fiscal regime and future reform considerations, with attention to the attractiveness of investment on commercial terms—an issue that should be placed in the context of an overall reform of Pemex’s business strategy and possibly of the energy sector more generally.

Author : Hakelberg, Lukas ,Seelkopf, Laura
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781788979429

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Handbook on the Politics of Taxation by Hakelberg, Lukas ,Seelkopf, Laura Pdf

This comprehensive Handbook provides an insight into the main concepts and academic debates on taxation from a political science perspective. Providing a background to current debates on green taxation, taxation and inequality, taxation and gender, tax evasion and avoidance, and tax compliance, it offers potential avenues for future research.

Author : Mr. David Amaglobeli,Mr. Valerio Crispolti,Xuguang Simon Sheng
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-09-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400222023

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Cross-Country Evidence on the Revenue Impact of Tax Reforms by Mr. David Amaglobeli,Mr. Valerio Crispolti,Xuguang Simon Sheng Pdf

Many countries face the challenge of raising additional tax revenues without hurting economic growth. Comprehensive, cross-country information on the revenue impact of tax policy changes can thus support informed decision-making on viable reforms. We assess the likely revenue impact of various tax policy changes based on a sample of 21 advanced and emerging market economies, using granular information from the IMF Tax Policy Reform Database v.4.0. Our findings suggest that the revenue yield of a tax policy change varies significantly depending on the tax instrument adopted (e.g., VAT or personal income tax) and the nature of the change (i.e., rate, base). For example, in our sample, base-broadening changes to personal and corporate income taxes as well as to excise and property taxes have generally a more significant and long-lasting revenue yields than rate changes. By contrast, rate changes appear to have a relatively more significant revenue impact in the case of VAT and social security contributions. We also observe an asymmetry in the revenue impact of most tax policy measures when controlling for the direction of tax changes (i.e., its significance varies depending on whether taxes are increased or decreased). While our results are based on qualitative information of tax policy changes (i.e., dummy variables), the revenue yields of rate measures are not materially different from those that would be obtained using quantitative information on the size of the change.

Author : Robert Carroll,Alan D. Viard
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780844743943

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Progressive Consumption Taxation by Robert Carroll,Alan D. Viard Pdf

The authors observe that consumption taxation is superior to income taxation because it does not penalize saving and investment and propose that the U.S. income tax system be completely replaced by a progressive consumption tax. They argue that the X tax, developed by the late David Bradford, offers the best form of progressive consumption taxation for the United States and outline concrete proposals for the X tax's treatment of numerous specific economic issues.

Author : Neva Goodwin,Jonathan M. Harris,Julie A. Nelson,Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar,Brian Roach,Mariano Torras
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 655 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-12-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000791075

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Microeconomics in Context by Neva Goodwin,Jonathan M. Harris,Julie A. Nelson,Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar,Brian Roach,Mariano Torras Pdf

• 5th edition has more content on inequality, wellbeing, international trade and the changing nature of work • Several chapters include discussion on the impacts of COVID-19 on inequality, labour markets, health and beyond • General updates, including new data, new exercises and discussion questions • Differs from other principles books on the market in its pluralist approach. It covers everything the student needs to know, whilst also placing issues in their historical, institutional, social, political, and ethical context. • Introduces students to different schools of thought in economics. Perspectives include neoclassical economics, Keynesian economics, ecological economics, institutional economics and feminist economics. • Logical building-block structure, providing student with a clear sequential approach to macroeconomic models. • Companion website with student study guide, PPT slides and teaching materials (including test bank)