Personal Justice Denied Report

Author : Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780295802343

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Personal Justice Denied by Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Personal Justice Denied tells the extraordinary story of the incarceration of mainland Japanese Americans and Alaskan Aleuts during World War II. Although this wartime episode is now almost universally recognized as a catastrophe, for decades various government officials and agencies defended their actions by asserting a military necessity. The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment was established by act of Congress in 1980 to investigate the detention program. Over twenty days, it held hearings in cities across the country, particularly on the West Coast, with testimony from more than 750 witnesses: evacuees, former government officials, public figures, interested citizens, and historians and other professionals. It took steps to locate and to review the records of government action and to analyze contemporary writings and personal and historical accounts. The Commission’s report is a masterful summary of events surrounding the wartime relocation and detention activities, and a strong indictment of the policies that led to them. The report and its recommendations were instrumental in effecting a presidential apology and monetary restitution to surviving Japanese Americans and members of the Aleut community.

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Aleuts
ISBN : PURD:32754061309575

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Personal Justice Denied: Report by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Part II (p.315-359) concerns the removal of Aleuts to camps in southeastern Alaska and their subsequent resettlement at war's end.

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Japanese Americans
ISBN : LCCN:lc82600664

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Personal Justice Denied by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Government publications
ISBN : STANFORD:36105007526127

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Personal Justice Denied by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Aleuts
ISBN : MSU:31293007086675

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Personal Justice Denied: Recommendations by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Part II (p.315-359) concerns the removal of Aleuts to camps in southeastern Alaska and their subsequent resettlement at war's end.

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Japanese Americans
ISBN : 0295803134

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Personal Justice Denied by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

The report and its recommendations were instrumental in effecting a presidential apology and monetary restitution to surviving Japanese Americans and members of the Aleut community.

Author : United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Japanese Americans
ISBN : MSU:31293007086683

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Personal Justice Denied by United States. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Pdf

Author : U. S. Military,Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians,U. S. Government
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1520756186

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World War II Japanese American Internment Reports by U. S. Military,Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians,U. S. Government Pdf

This is the complete official version of the Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied, issued in December 1982, along with the Commission's recommendations, issued in June 1983. The Commission studied the causes and consequences of the relocation and internment of over 120,000 Japanese Americans after the attack on Pearl Harbor in World War II. The Commission recommended the establishment of a fund to compensate the relocated individuals; President Reagan would later sign such a bill into law. The Commission found: This policy of exclusion, removal and detention was executed against 120,000 people without individual review, and exclusion was continued virtually without regard for their demonstrated loyalty to the United States. Congress was fully aware of and supported the policy of removal and detention; it sanctioned the exclusion by enacting a statute which made criminal the violation of orders issued pursuant to Executive Order 9066. The United States Supreme Court held the exclusion constitutionally permissible in the context of war, but struck down the incarceration of admittedly loyal American citizens on the ground that it was not based on statutory authority. All this was done despite the fact that not a single documented act of espionage, sabotage or fifth column activity was committed by an American citizen of Japanese ancestry or by a resident Japanese alien on the West Coast. No mass exclusion or detention, in any part of the country, was ordered against American citizens of German or Italian descent. Official actions against enemy aliens of other nationalities were much more individualized and selective than those imposed on the ethnic Japanese. The history of the relocation camps and the assembly centers that preceded them is one of suffering and deprivation visited on people against whom no charges were, or could have been, brought. The Commission hearing record is full of poignant, searing testimony that recounts the economic and personal losses and injury caused by the exclusion and the deprivations of detention. No summary can do this testimony justice.

Author : Stephanie D. Hinnershitz
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812299953

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Japanese American Incarceration by Stephanie D. Hinnershitz Pdf

Between 1942 and 1945, the U.S. government wrongfully imprisoned thousands of Japanese American citizens and profited from their labor. Japanese American Incarceration recasts the forced removal and incarceration of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II as a history of prison labor and exploitation. Following Franklin Roosevelt's 1942 Executive Order 9066, which called for the exclusion of potentially dangerous groups from military zones along the West Coast, the federal government placed Japanese Americans in makeshift prisons throughout the country. In addition to working on day-to-day operations of the camps, Japanese Americans were coerced into harvesting crops, digging irrigation ditches, paving roads, and building barracks for little to no compensation and often at the behest of privately run businesses—all in the name of national security. How did the U.S. government use incarceration to address labor demands during World War II, and how did imprisoned Japanese Americans respond to the stripping of not only their civil rights, but their labor rights as well? Using a variety of archives and collected oral histories, Japanese American Incarceration uncovers the startling answers to these questions. Stephanie Hinnershitz's timely study connects the government's exploitation of imprisoned Japanese Americans to the history of prison labor in the United States.

Author : Daniel M. Masterson
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780252053986

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The Japanese in Latin America by Daniel M. Masterson Pdf

Latin America is home to 1.5 million persons of Japanese descent. Combining detailed scholarship with rich personal histories, Daniel M. Masterson, with the assistance of Sayaka Funada-Classen, presents the first comprehensive study of the patterns of Japanese migration on the continent as a whole. When the United States and Canada tightened their immigration restrictions in 1907, Japanese contract laborers began to arrive at mines and plantations in Latin America. The authors examine Japanese agricultural colonies in Latin America, as well as the subsequent cultural networks that sprang up within and among them, and the changes that occurred as the Japanese moved from wage labor to ownership of farms and small businesses. They also explore recent economic crises in Brazil, Argentina, and Peru, which, combined with a strong Japanese economy, caused at least a quarter million Latin American Japanese to migrate back to Japan. Illuminating authoritative research with extensive interviews with migrants and their families, The Japanese in Latin America tells the story of immigrants who maintained strong allegiances to their Japanese roots, even while they struggled to build lives in their new countries.

Author : Dr. Joe Wendel
Publisher : Archway Publishing
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781480852785

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Justice Denied by Dr. Joe Wendel Pdf

The world has been inundated with horror stories about what the Germans did during the last century, but most Americans know little about what was done to the Germans or to German Americans. In Justice Denied, author Dr. Joe Wendel offers a complete picture to the story about how Germans and German Americans were treated. Presenting a balanced portrayal of history, Wendel discusses the destruction and the unconditional surrender of Germany and details many personal and emotional accounts about the mistreatment, the terror, the mass murder, the starvation blockade, the expulsions of millions of ethnic Germans, and the raping of thousands of German women by the occupying forces. Justice Denied gives us a wide-ranging history of Germany and German Americans, with a focus on providing insights into the two twentieth-century world wars from the viewpoint of a German American who lived in Austria during World War II. It offers compelling facts, interpretations, and points of view unfamiliar to most Americans, including the personal stories of German Americans sent to interment camps in World War II.

Author : John Christgau
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-01
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780803218970

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Kokomo Joe by John Christgau Pdf

The first Japanese American jockey, Kokomo Joe burst like a comet on the American horse-racing scene in the summer of 1941. As war with Japan loomed, Yoshio ?Kokomo Joe? Kobuki won race after race, stirring passions far beyond merely the envy and antagonism of other jockeys. His is a story of the American dream catapulting headlong into the nightmare of a nation gripped by wartime hysteria and xenophobia. The story that unfolds in Kokomo Joe is at once inspiring, deeply sad, and richly ironic?and remarkably relevant in our own climate of nationalist fervor and racial profiling. ø Sent to Japan from Washington State after his mother and three siblings died of the Spanish flu, Kobuki continued to nurse his dream of the American good life. Because of his small stature, his ambition steered him to a future as a star jockey. John Christgau narrates Kobuki?s rise from lowly stable boy to reigning star at California fairs and in the bush leagues. He describes how, at the height of the jockey?s fame, even his flight into the Sonora Desert could not protect him from the government?s espionage and sabotage dragnet. And finally he recounts how, after three years of internment, Kokomo Joe tried to reclaim his racing success, only to fall victim to still-rampant racism, a career-ending injury, and cancer.

Author : Tetsuden Kashima
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780295802336

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Judgment Without Trial by Tetsuden Kashima Pdf

2004 Washington State Book Award Finalist Judgment without Trial reveals that long before the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. government began making plans for the eventual internment and later incarceration of the Japanese American population. Tetsuden Kashima uses newly obtained records to trace this process back to the 1920s, when a nascent imprisonment organization was developed to prepare for a possible war with Japan, and follows it in detail through the war years. Along with coverage of the well-known incarceration camps, the author discusses the less familiar and very different experiences of people of Japanese descent in the Justice and War Departments� internment camps that held internees from the continental U.S. and from Alaska, Hawaii, and Latin America. Utilizing extracts from diaries, contemporary sources, official communications, and interviews, Kashima brings an array of personalities to life on the pages of his book � those whose unbiased assessments of America�s Japanese ancestry population were discounted or ignored, those whose works and actions were based on misinformed fears and racial animosities, those who tried to remedy the inequities of the system, and, by no means least, the prisoners themselves. Kashima�s interest in this episode began with his own unanswered questions about his father�s wartime experiences. From this very personal motivation, he has produced a panoramic and detailed picture � without rhetoric and emotionalism and supported at every step by documented fact � of a government that failed to protect a group of people for whom it had forcibly assumed total responsibility.

Author : Lorraine K. Bannai
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780295806297

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Enduring Conviction by Lorraine K. Bannai Pdf

Fred Korematsu’s decision to resist F.D.R.’s Executive Order 9066, which provided authority for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, was initially the case of a young man following his heart: he wanted to remain in California with his white fiancée. However, he quickly came to realize that it was more than just a personal choice; it was a matter of basic human rights. After refusing to leave for incarceration when ordered, Korematsu was eventually arrested and convicted of a federal crime before being sent to the internment camp at Topaz, Utah. He appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court, which, in one of the most infamous cases in American legal history, upheld the wartime orders. Forty years later, in the early 1980s, a team of young attorneys resurrected Korematsu’s case. This time, Korematsu was victorious, and his conviction was overturned, helping to pave the way for Japanese American redress. Lorraine Bannai, who was a young attorney on that legal team, combines insider knowledge of the case with extensive archival research, personal letters, and unprecedented access to Korematsu his family, and close friends. She uncovers the inspiring story of a humble, soft-spoken man who fought tirelessly against human rights abuses long after he was exonerated. In 1998, President Bill Clinton awarded Korematsu the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Author : Cliff Sloan
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781541736450

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The Court at War by Cliff Sloan Pdf

The inside story of how one president forever altered the most powerful legal institution in the country—with consequences that endure today By the summer of 1941, in the ninth year of his presidency, Franklin Roosevelt had molded his Court. He had appointed seven of the nine justices—the most by any president except George Washington—and handpicked the chief justice. But the wartime Roosevelt Court had two faces. One was bold and progressive, the other supine and abject, cowed by the charisma of the revered president. The Court at War explores this pivotal period. It provides a cast of unforgettable characters in the justices—from the mercurial, Vienna-born intellectual Felix Frankfurter to the Alabama populist Hugo Black; from the western prodigy William O. Douglas, FDR’s initial pick to be his running mate in 1944, to Roosevelt’s former attorney general and Nuremberg prosecutor Robert Jackson. The justices’ shameless capitulation and unwillingness to cross their beloved president highlight the dangers of an unseemly closeness between Supreme Court justices and their political patrons. But the FDR Court’s finest moments also provided a robust defense of individual rights, rights the current Court has put in jeopardy. Sloan’s intimate portrait is a vivid, instructive tale for modern times.