Philanthropic Foundations In The Twentieth Century
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Philanthropic Foundations in the Twentieth Century by Joseph C. Kiger Pdf
In a readable, coherent, and succinct account, Kiger surveys the changes that have taken place in U.S. foundations in the 20th century and describes our foundations as they exist today. Opening with historical information on the emergence of large foundations at the beginning of the century, the book discusses the major characteristics of foundations, emphasizing that they are organized to give away rather than make money, and identifies and discusses the major changes since 1950. In considering those changes, the book considers such topics as growth and expansion, diversification in the makeup of trustees and staff, and governmental oversight and supervision. In the increasing movement of foundations into the international sphere, the book covers their international activities and the formation and operation of international centers and groups associated with them. Phlanthropic Foundations in the Twentieth Century provides a useful overview of the growth, development, and operation of foundations.
A Versatile American Institution by David C. Hammack,Helmut K. Anheier Pdf
America's grantmaking foundations have grown rapidly over the course of recent decades, even in the face of financial and economic crises. Foundations have a great deal of freedom, enjoy widespread legitimacy, and wield considerable influence. In this book, the authors present a comprehensive historical account of what American foundations have done with that independence and power. While philanthropic foundations play important roles in other parts of the world, the U.S. sector stands out as exceptional. Nowhere else are they so numerous, prominent, or autonomous. What have been the main contributions of philanthropic foundations to American society? And what might the future hold for them?
American Foundations and the Coproduction of World Order in the Twentieth Century by John Krige,Helke Rausch Pdf
This volume studies the links between politics and science during the 20th century, based on the example of the large US foundations. If the 20th century can be regarded in many ways as the »American Century«, then the large US foundations such as Carnegie, Rockefeller and Ford played a major role in this development. And yet they weren ́t simply stooges for official US power politics. The circumstances surrounding their actions were much more complicated and made great demands of the philanthropy of the day. This volume with articles in English and German shows the course of US philanthropy in Europe in the time between the world wars and following World War II; it demonstrates how Europe became the setting for continually new versions of the postwar political and scientific landscape.
Creative Philanthropy by Helmut K. Anheier,Diana Leat Pdf
Philanthropy and endowed foundation are vitally important institutions of modern society, yet in recent years, they've faced new threats such as declining resources and questions of accountability and performance. To address these questions, individual philanthropists and foundation leaders have looked to strategic philanthropy to become more effective and efficient. This important book provides an overview of creative philanthropy along with an analysis of its theory and practice. The authors spell out the implications of their study for management and policy and provide readers with vital tools and techniques. Drawing on case study examples and incorporating sections on key questions and dilemmas, this revealing book covers: the philanthropic deficit finding a distinctive role to do more with less characteristics of the creative foundation beyond strategic philanthropy the strength of creative philanthropy developing creative foundations and philanthropic practices. Essential reading for all those who study or work in foundations, philanthropy and non-profit organizations, this volume clearly navigates a path through this significant yet highly complex subject area.
German Philanthropy in Transatlantic Perspective by Gregory R. Witkowski,Arnd Bauerkämper Pdf
This volume examines philanthropic practices against the backdrop of the continuities, disruptions and changes in twentieth century German socio-political relations. It presents a differentiated understanding of the relationship between philanthropy and civil society that traces this connection from Germany’s first democracy, the Weimar Republic, through the Nazi dictatorship and Soviet-style rule in Communist East Germany to the stable democracy of the Federal Republic of Germany. While concentrating on Germany, this volume places German philanthropy in a triangular relationship with the United States and the developing world, primarily through Africa. In particular, the contributions to the book demonstrate that despite many transatlantic exchanges between German and American philanthropic organizations, these relationships should not be reduced to bilateral exchanges but rather seen in the context of a globalizing world. More generally, this transnational study is a reminder that philanthropic activities need to be placed into their specific historical contexts. Such an analytical framework allows for more dynamic understanding of the meaning of philanthropy in society, illustrating both enduring and changing practices.
American Philanthropic Foundations by David C. Hammack,Steven Rathgeb Smith Pdf
Essays examining the origins, development, and achievements of charitable organizations in key US cities and regions. Once largely confined to the biggest cities in the mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes states, philanthropic foundations now play a significant role in nearly every state. Wide-ranging and incisive, the essays in American Philanthropic Foundations: Regional Difference and Change examine the origins, development, and accomplishments of philanthropic foundations in key cities and regions of the United States. Each contributor assesses foundation efforts to address social and economic inequalities, and to encourage cultural and creative life in their home regions and elsewhere. This fascinating and timely study of contemporary America’s philanthropic foundations vividly illustrates foundations’ commonalities and differences as they strive to address pressing public problems.
American Foundations by Helmut K. Anheier,David C. Hammack Pdf
Foundations play an essential part in the philanthropic activity that defines so much of American life. No other nation provides its foundations with so much autonomy and freedom of action as does the United States. Liberated both from the daily discipline of the market and from direct control by government, American foundations understandably attract great attention. As David Hammack and Helmut Anheier note in this volume, "Americans have criticized foundations for... their alleged conservatism, liberalism, elitism, radicalism, devotion to religious tradition, hostility to religion—in short, for commitments to causes whose significance can be measured, in part, by the controversies they provoke. Americans have also criticized foundations for ineffectiveness and even foolishness." Their size alone conveys some sense of the significance of American foundations, whose assets amounted to over $530 billion in 2008 despite a dramatic decline of almost 22 percent in the previous year. And in 2008 foundation grants totaled over $45 billion. But what roles have foundations actually played over time, and what distinctive roles do they fill today? How have they shaped American society, how much difference do they make? What roles are foundations likely to play in the future? This comprehensive volume, the product of a three-year project supported by the Aspen Institute's program on the Nonprofit Sector and Philanthropy, provides the most thorough effort ever to assess the impact and significance of the nation's large foundations. In it, leading researchers explore how foundations have shaped—or failed to shape—each of the key fields of foundation work. American Foundations takes the reader on a wide-ranging tour, evaluating foundation efforts in education, scientific and medical research, health care, social welfare, international relations, arts and culture, religion, and social change.
Philanthropists and Foundation Globalization by Joseph Kiger Pdf
The modern American foundation as an instrumentality for charitable and philanthropic giving is in many ways a unique and complex social/economic/political institution. This is particularly the case for foundations with large assets. As a social phenomenon, the foundation has deep roots in the past. At the beginnings of any degree of civilization charitable giving and rudimentary forms of foundations emerge. This is the case in many regions of the world. The pattern is consistent: once enough property or wealth beyond primitive human needs is accumulated, some of it begins to be set aside for what the donors of such wealth consider worthwhile purposes.The serious literature contributing greatly to public perception of philanthropy and foundations has been relatively sparse. Much of what is available is quantitative and statistical in nature. There has been limited objective attention to the motives or reasons spurring individual philanthropists to engage or not to engage in creating foundations; such motivation needs historical and comparative analysis. Major investigations and studies of foundations, together with ancillary national, regional, and international organizations to facilitate such study, have received spotty consideration.Philanthropists and Foundation Globalization addresses three interrelated aspects of foundation history. First, it reviews biographical-historical profiles of the founding philanthropists and their heirs engaged in international giving. Second, it discusses major governmental and non-governmental investigations and studies of foundations including domestic ones, and also foreign ones in which U.S. participants have played a prominent role, spanning the period 1912 to the present. Third, it chronicles foundation developments and activities in Europe at the close of the twentieth century. The volume provides a historical account of some U.S. foundations' international activity in a particular region in a specific time period and their a
From Grantmaker to Leader by Frank L. Ellsworth,Joe Lumarda Pdf
FROM GRANTMAKER TO LEADER The past one hundred years has borne witness to an extraordinaryrevolution in the constitution and activities of philanthropicfoundations. The evolution of the governance of foundations-fromfounder to family to professionals to institutions-has necessarilyaltered the role that foundations play within a society. Ascommunity foundations, for example, strengthen the essentialcommunal fabric and help all organizations gain a financialfoothold, they find themselves at times in conflict with commercialgift funds, whose transactional nature between the donor and theorganization stimulates philanthropy in a wholly different fashion.From Grantmaker to Leader: Emerging Strategies for 21st CenturyFoundations takes stock of this shifting landscape, presenting boldleadership strategies for directing philanthropic organizationsinto the unchartered waters of the future. Seasoned foundation executives Frank Ellsworth and Joseph Lumardaassemble an all-star roster of insider contributors, dividing theirtrenchant study into three sections. "From Carnegie to Gates: TheChanging Faces and Needs of Philanthropy" examines the history offamily and community foundations and how the turmoil of the "NewEconomy" will affect these organizations in the future. SectionTwo, "The Foundation's New Reach: The Emerging Role of Leader,Communicator, and Facilitator of Change" addresses the criticalresponsibility of effectively articulating a foundation's message,showing how messages can successfully penetrate the media. Finally,the third section "Building the Foundation Board of the 21stCentury: Diversity and Strategic Planning" analyzes all aspects offoundation boards of directors, including their makeup,responsibilities, backgrounds, necessary diversity, and the role ofboards in foundation planning. Throughout all three sections, FromGrantmaker to Leader tackles all the critical issues facingphilanthropic foundations today, such as: * Transfer of wealth * Legislative concerns * IRS audits * The role of foundations in public policy issues, such as campaignspending * Accountability * Planned giving * Assessment of the effectiveness of giving * Socially responsible investment and social return oninvestment Even as the very nature of foundations has changed, a fundamentalquestion remains: will philanthropies play a more pervasive role insociety's future or will their influence forever remain elitist andselective? Writing directly for trustees, practitioners, foundationCEOs and CFOs, and every philanthropic professional, Ellsworth andLumarda make the convincing case that foundations matter more thanever, offering proven strategies for philanthropic success. FRANK L. ELLSWORTH is a vice president at Capital Research andManagement Company, where he oversees and coordinates programs andservices to endowments in Los Angeles. JOSEPH LUMARDA is the Executive Vice President of External Affairsfor the California Community Foundation in Los Angeles.
How philanthropy has shaped America in the twentieth century American philanthropy today expands knowledge, champions social movements, defines active citizenship, influences policymaking, and addresses humanitarian crises. How did philanthropy become such a powerful and integral force in American society? Philanthropy in America is the first book to explore in depth the twentieth-century growth of this unique phenomenon. Ranging from the influential large-scale foundations established by tycoons such as John D. Rockefeller, Sr., and the mass mobilization of small donors by the Red Cross and March of Dimes, to the recent social advocacy of individuals like Bill Gates and George Soros, respected historian Olivier Zunz chronicles the tight connections between private giving and public affairs, and shows how this union has enlarged democracy and shaped history. Demonstrating that America has cultivated and relied on philanthropy more than any other country, Philanthropy in America examines how giving for the betterment of all became embedded in the fabric of the nation's civic democracy.
Philanthropy and Cultural Context by Soma Hewa,Philo Hove Pdf
By examining several philanthropic programs of the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations in public health, medical education, agriculture and science in South, East and South-East Asia in the 20th century, this volume addresses the success and failure of Western philanthropy, and their long-term implications for those societies. It provides a thorough analysis of Asian perspectives on philanthropy based on predominant religious values, and their influence on the emerging philanthropic foundations in the region. Contributors to this volume include such prominent scholars and practitioners of philanthropy as Barnett F. Baron (Asia Foundation), Warren F. Ilchman (Center on Philanthropy, Indiana University) and Kathleen D. McCarthy (Center for Philanthropic Studies, City University of New York), as well as a number of Asian experts from around the world.
"For too long, the labor movement and philanthropic foundations have had little contact, even when their guiding principles are the same. The time is ripe for a new national conversation on where and how they can effectively work together. Richard Magat's new book focuses on the relationship between unions and foundations--its history, its dynamics, and its potential. This is a relationship that can and should be enormously valuable for both sides."--John J. Sweeney, President, AFL-CIO An investigation into the little-known history of relations between organized labor and philanthropic foundations in America, this book reveals curious connections linking these important institutions throughout the twentieth century. Richard Magat examines these relations--whether indirect or direct, confrontational, supportive, or collaborative--in a wide variety of areas: research, the condition and status of black and female workers, the struggle of farmworkers, workplace health and safety, the union democracy movement, and the stake of union members in the global marketplace. Unlikely Partners begins with the industrial and social ferment in which the great modern foundations arose in the early twentieth century. It covers such topics as the Russell Sage Foundation (the first to address labor conditions), the National Civic Federation, and manifestations of "enlightened" business practice, including welfare capitalism. The book lays out areas of future community, fiscal, and policy collaboration between unions and foundations.
Philanthropic Foundations in Canada by Peter R Elson,Sylvain A Lefèvre,Jean-Marc Fontan Pdf
This book is a turning point in the evolution of Canada's philanthropic landscape - a testament to new and ground-breaking knowledge that reflects a distinct Canadian foundation sector. Explore established and emerging landscapes, Indigenous perspectives on philanthropy and creative and innovative pathways to change.