Physics Methods In Archaeometry

Author : M. Martini,M. Milazzo,M. Piacentini
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2004-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781614990109

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Physics Methods in Archaeometry by M. Martini,M. Milazzo,M. Piacentini Pdf

The role of exact sciences in connection with cultural heritage now is well established and a new scientific branch has been generated: Archaeometry. Literally, Archaeometry means measurement on ancient objects. It is a multidisciplinary field of investigations where the rigorous methods of exact sciences give a fundamental contribution to solving the problems associated with conservation and restoration, as well as to the study itself of the cultural heritage. Archaeometry, as a scientific research field, involves interdisciplinary groups formed by scholars of the humanistic area together with scientists: physicists, chemists, mathematicians, biologists, engineers, etc. The primary justification for the need of involving exact sciences in the field which, in the past, traditionally has been exclusive of Art Historians must no doubt be found in the conservation and restoration activities. The second argument which, in the public opinion, justifies the involvement of science with the world of Art is the confidence that scientific methods are infallible in unmasking forgeries. But in our opinion the awareness of the central role of scientific methods as a support for philological and historical investigations is still very little diffuse or, at least, finds it hard to become widespread. Perhaps also because of our mentality, Physics, compared to chemistry, is more apt to find applications in a context free from authentication or conservation implications.

Author : Ulrich Leute
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Archaeometry
ISBN : UVA:X001461377

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Archaeometry by Ulrich Leute Pdf

Author : Martin Jim Aitken
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UCAL:B3436133

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Physics and Archaeology by Martin Jim Aitken Pdf

Author : M. Uda,G. Demortier,I. Nakai
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2005-12-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781402035814

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X-rays for Archaeology by M. Uda,G. Demortier,I. Nakai Pdf

The application of X-rays to objects of archaeology and the attempt to gain insight into both construction and chemical composition in a non-destructive manner date back to the days of the discovery of radiation. Nowadays, X-ray techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence and diffraction are standard tools. The book contains scientific data, i.e. in situ measurement data taken with portable XRF and XRD, and fine data taken with accelerating ion beams and synchrotron radiations, and with their explanation. Results obtained by traditional scientific methods are also reviewed. The book contains experimental data taken both from monuments in the field and exhibits in museums, i.e. ancient Egyptian wall painting pigments, ancient Egyptian wooden statues, ancient Egyptian mummies, ancient Greek funerary monuments, Cypriot ceramics, Medieval, Lyubliana and Venetian glass, Romanian ceramics, ancient Near East clay, old Japanese porcelain, pre-Hispanic items from ancient America, ancient Chinese underglaze-red, blue and white porcelain, Chinese celadon, Phoenician cosmetics, glazes, ancient gold and silver coins, gold jewelleries, gold alloys, corroded metals, gemstones (ruby, emerald and garnet), painting pigments, pottery, bronze, obsidian, stucco, turquoise, and so on. This discussion between natural scientists and archaeologists predicts the future direction of archaeology.

Author : Gilberto Artioli
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191576355

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Scientific Methods and Cultural Heritage by Gilberto Artioli Pdf

Scientific techniques developed in materials science offer invaluable information to archaeology, art history, and conservation. A rapidly growing number of innovative methods, as well as many established techniques, are constantly being improved and optimised for the analysis of cultural heritage materials. The result is that on the one hand more complex problems and questions can be confronted, but on the other hand the required level of technical competence is widening the existing cultural gap between scientists and end users, such as archaeologists, museum curators, art historians, and many managers of cultural heritage who have a purely humanistic background. The book is intended as an entry-level introduction to the methods and rationales of scientific investigation of cultural heritage materials, with emphasis placed on the analytical strategies, modes of operation, and resulting information rather than on technicalities. The extensive and updated reference list should be a useful starting point for further reading. Students and researchers from the humanities approaching scientific investigations should find it useful, as well as scientists applying familiar techniques and methods to unfamiliar problems related to cultural heritage.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2007-07-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080548814

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Physical Techniques in the Study of Art, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage by Anonim Pdf

In Chapter 1 Dudley Creagh writes on "synchrotron radiation and its use in art, archaeometry, and cultural heritage studies". Loic Bertrand has written in Chapter 2 on synchrotron imaging for archaeology and art history, conservation, and palaeontology. Dr. Bertrand is Archaeology and cultural heritage officer at the new French synchrotron, Synchrotron Soleil (Orme les Mesuriers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France). He is charged with the task of raising the awareness of cultural heritage scientists to the use of synchrotron radiation for their research. Chapter 3 has been written by Ivan Cole and his associates Dr David Paterson and Deborah Lau. This is concerned with the holistic modelling of gas and aerosol deposition and the degradation of cultural objects. Dr. Cole is Deputy Chief of the Novel Materials and Processes Division of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Melbourne, Australia). He has over twenty years experience in involvement in projects concerned with the preservation of cultural heritage. Ivan is an internationally recognized leader in the field of the life cycle of materials and the development of protective coatings for metals. In Chapter 4, Giovanna Di Pietro describes two different types of experiments she has undertaken in the study of the mechanisms underlying the degradation of photographic media. In the first Dr. Di Pietro describes the degradation of old back-and-white plate. In the second she outlines her attempts to understand the mechanisms by which comparatively modern motion picture film degrades. A significant part of this project involved trying to ascertain exactly what dyes were used by Kodak in their motion picture film from about 1980 onwards. An entirely new technique for the remote investigation of the pigments in paintings is presented by Maria Kubik in Chapter 5. This technique will significantly enhance the ability of conservators to study the palette of pigments used by artists, check for repairs by others, and detect fraudulent paintings. · Demonstrates the amazing efforts being made in using physical techniques for the study of art, archaeology and cultural heritage · Provides succinct accounts of how cultural heritage is being preserved. · Looks at how science is being used to enrich our knowledge of the creative arts

Author : Linda Ellis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 726 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2003-12-16
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781135582845

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Archaeological Method and Theory by Linda Ellis Pdf

This Encyclopedia brings together the most recent scientific information on a collection of subjects that are too often - and inconveniently - treated in separate publications. It provides a survey of archaeological method and theory, as well as the application of physical and biological sciences in archaeological research. Every aspect of archaeological work is represented, from the discovery process to the ultimate disposition of materials. Thus the reader will find entries on subject matter covering: * disciplinary theory * legislation affecting the work of archaeologists * pre-excavation surveying * excavation methodology * on-site conservation techniques * post-excavation analysis The rapid evolution of analytical technology is often superficially treated or not covered at all in textbooks or other commonly available sources. Here, the latest refinements in techniques such as radiometric dating, stable isotopic analysis, and the PCR technique of DNA analysis are presented clearly and authoritatively. The discussion of these techniques is amplified by including results of the work of professionals conducting interdisciplinary research and by covering the methodologi enhancements provided by the physical and natural sciences. Cultural property legislation, regardless of its country of origin, has affected how archaeologists conduct their work. This encyclopedia covers all major U.S. legislation developed for the protection of cultural property, including the recent Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and offers a substantial article on worldwide legislation concerning the reburial of human remains and its effects on the present and future practice of archaeology. Without some sort of conservation program at the point of excavation, valuable materials may be inadvertently contaminated or destroyed. Many simple and low-cost techniques to promote both sample integrity and long-term preservation for major classes of materials are described in this volume. Traditional treatments of method and theory usually focus on prehistoric periods and are limited in their geographic range. This volume includes discussions based on various historical periods on different continents, as reflected in entries such as Historical Archaeology, Industrial Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, and Classical Archaeology.

Author : M. S. Tite
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 012916450X

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Methods of physical examination in archaeology by M. S. Tite Pdf

Author : D.C. Creagh,D.A. Bradley
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2000-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080540198

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Radiation in Art and Archeometry by D.C. Creagh,D.A. Bradley Pdf

/inca/publications/misc/creaghcov.htmAbout the cover This book contains twenty chapters covering a wide range of research in the fields of scientific conservation of art and archaeometry. The common thread is the use of radiation in these analyses. The term "radiation" is used in the widest possible sense. The book encompasses the use of electromagnetic radiation in its microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x ray and &ggr; ray forms and the use of particulate forms such as electrons, neutrons and charged particles for which the Planck's Law relation applies. In many cases there is an interplay between the two forms: for example, proton induced x ray emission (PIXE), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As far as possible the chapters have been arranged in order of ascending particle energy. Thus it commences with the use of microwaves and finishes with the use of &ggr; rays. The authors were chosen on the basis of their expertise as practitioners of their particular field of study. This means that, for example, the mature fields of study such as the IR and UV study of paintings have been written by senior researchers, whereas for the emerging fields of synchrotron and neutron techniques the chapters have been written by talented researchers at the commencement of their careers.

Author : Daniel Albero Santacreu
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110427295

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Materiality, Techniques and Society in Pottery Production by Daniel Albero Santacreu Pdf

Daniel Albero Santacreu presents a wide overview of certain aspects of the pottery analysis and summarizes most of the methodological and theoretical information currently applied in archaeology in order to develop wide and deep analysis of ceramic pastes. The book provides an adequate framework for understanding the way pottery production is organised and clarifies the meaning and role of the pottery in archaeological and traditional societies. The goal of this book is to encourage reflection, especially by those researchers who face the analysis of ceramics for the first time, by providing a background for the generation of their own research and to formulate their own questions depending on their concerns and interests. The three-part structure of the book allows readers to move easily from the analysis of the reality and ceramic material culture to the world of the ideas and theories and to develop a dialogue between data and their interpretation. Daniel Albero Santacreu is a Lecturer Assistant in the University of the Balearic Islands, member of the Research Group Arqueo UIB and the Ceramic Petrology Group. He has carried out the analysis of ceramics from several prehistoric societies placed in the Western Mediterranean, as well as the study of handmade pottery from contemporary ethnic groups in Northeast Ghana.

Author : Zvi Goffer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780471915157

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Archaeological Chemistry by Zvi Goffer Pdf

The chemical study of archaeological materials Archaeological Chemistry, Second Edition is about the application of the chemical sciences to the study of ancient man and his material activities. The text of the book centers on the use of chemical methods, but also refers to the contributions of physics, biology, and genetics to archaeological research. Subjects discussed in the book include the determination of the nature of ancient materials, their provenance and age, the technologies used for the production of man-made materials, and the analysis of ancient human and animal remains (such as bone, dried blood, and coprolites), which yields information on ancient diets, kinship, habitancy, and migratory patterns. New developments in analytical chemistry and in related disciplines, which have contributed to archaeological research since the first edition of the book was published, are dealt with in this edition, which also includes: * Updated information on the study of the nature, age, and provenance of ancient materials * New sections on organic, biological and genetic studies * Glossary * Extensive bibliography The book is intended primarily for archaeologists, physical anthropologists and students of archaeology and physical anthropology, but will also be of use to conservators, curators, and art historians. Natural scientists reading it will become acquainted with advances in archaeological research which were made possible only by the application of chemical, physical, and biological methods and techniques.

Author : Melinda Hartwig
Publisher : American University in Cairo Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781649030863

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The Tomb Chapel of Menna (TT 69) by Melinda Hartwig Pdf

The most detailed set of studies ever on all aspects of one of the most beautifully decorated Egyptian non-royal tombs, new in paperback This lavishly illustrated book is the culmination of a project to document and conserve the tomb of Menna, one of the most beautiful and complex painted tombs of the ancient Egyptian necropolis at Luxor. Through conservation, the tomb, which previously lay open to environmental influence, was brought back to its former glory. Aided by non-invasive methods of scientific analysis, the historical and cultural importance of Menna’s paintings can now be viewed and studied and enjoyed by a worldwide audience. High-definition photography and drawings complement specialist essays by scholars, scientists, and technicians, who discuss the artistic and cultural significance of the paintings, their architectural context, and scientific importance. Directed by Dr. Hartwig and administered by the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) as part of its Egyptian Antiquities Conservation Project, the project was funded by a grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), sponsored by Georgia State University, and carried out in collaboration with Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities. Contributors: Cristina Beretta is based in Edinburgh, Scotland Pieter Collet lives in the Netherlands Katy Doyle lives in Boston, Massachusetts (USA) Elsa van Elslande, Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), CNRS is based in Paris, France Renata García Moreno, University of Liège, Belgium Melinda Hartwig, Georgia State University, Atlanta (USA) François-Philippe Hocquet, University of Liège, Belgium Gregory Howarth is based in London, England Alexandra Kosinova is based in London, England Kerstin Leterme, University of Liège, Belgium Bianca Madden is based in Oxford, England François Mathis, University of Liège, Belgium Mark Perry is co-director of the Perry Lithgow Partnership Ltd., Chipping Norton, England David Strivay, University of Liège, Belgium Douglas Thorp is based in London, England Peter Vandenabeele, Ghent University, Belgium

Author : Norman Herz,Ervan G. Garrison
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195090246

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Geological Methods for Archaeology by Norman Herz,Ervan G. Garrison Pdf

Written as a survey text covering appropriate techniques and methods from geology, geophysics, geochemistry and geochronology, this book shows the practicality and importance of techniques used in solving archaeological problems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Archaeology
ISBN : NWU:35556030315667

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Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology by Anonim Pdf

Author : Erica Angliker,John Tully
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781784918101

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Cycladic Archaeology and Research: New Approaches and Discoveries by Erica Angliker,John Tully Pdf

Recent excavations and new theoretical approaches are changing our view of the Cyclades. This volume aims to share these recent developments with a broader, international audience. Essays have been carefully selected as representing some of the most important recent work and include significant previously-unpublished material.