Plurals And Events

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Plurals and Events

Barry Schein
Plurals and Events Book PDF

Author : Barry Schein
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0262193345

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Plurals and Events by Barry Schein Pdf

Barry Schein proposes combining a second-order treatment of plurals with Donald Davidson's suggestion that there are positions for reference to events in ordinary predicates in order to account for several of the more puzzling features of plurals without invoking plural objects, with its attendant metaphysics, and also provide an absolute truth-theoretic characterization of the semantics of sentences with plurals in them. How do we make sense of sentences with plural noun phrases in them? In Plurals and Events, Barry Schein proposes combining a second-order treatment of plurals with Donald Davidson's suggestion that there are positions for reference to events in ordinary predicates in order to account for several of the more puzzling features of plurals without invoking plural objects, with its attendant metaphysics, and also provide an absolute truth-theoretic characterization of the semantics of sentences with plurals in them. Schein's highly original argument should have significant impact on how natural-language semantics is done, with repercussions for philosophy and logic. The book opens with foundational arguments that the logical language should have four major features: reduction to singular predication via a Davidsonian logical form, amereology of events, a logical syntax that allows the constituents of a Davidsonian analysis to be predicated of distinct events and separated from one another by other logical elements, and descriptive anaphors that cross-refer to the events described by antecedent clauses. A semantics for plurality and quantification is developed in the remaining chapters, which address some of the empirical and formal questions raised by the variety of interpretations in which plurals and quantifiers participate.

Plural Predication

Thomas McKay
Plural Predication Book PDF

Author : Thomas McKay
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2006-06-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199278145

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Plural Predication by Thomas McKay Pdf

Plural predication is a pervasive part of ordinary language. We can say that some people are fifty in number, are surrounding a building, come from many countries, and are classmates. These predicates can be true of some people without being true of any one of them; they are non-distributive predications. Yet the apparatus of predication and quantification in standard modern logic does not allow a place for such non-distributive predicates.Thomas McKay's book explores the enrichment of modern logic with plural predication and quantification. We can have genuinely non-distributive predication without relying on singularizing procedures from set theory and mereology. The fundamental 'among' relation can be understood in a way that does not generate any hierarchy of plurals analogous to a hierarchy of types or a hierarchy of higher-order logics. Singular quantification can be understood as a special case, with the general type beingquantifiers that allow both singular and plural quantification. The 'among' relation is formally similar to a 'part of' relation, but the relations are distinct, so that mass quantification and plural quantification cannot be united in the same way that plural and singular are united.Analysis of singular and plural definite descriptions follows, with a defense of a fundamentally Russellian analysis, but coupled with some new ideas about how to be sensitive to the role of context. This facilitates an analysis of some central features of the use of pronouns, both singular and plural.

Time and TAME in Language

Ana Maria Tramunt Ibaños,Karina Veronica Molsing
Time and TAME in Language Book PDF

Author : Ana Maria Tramunt Ibaños,Karina Veronica Molsing
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781443867962

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Time and TAME in Language by Ana Maria Tramunt Ibaños,Karina Veronica Molsing Pdf

This book presents a collection of papers on various syntactic and semantic aspects of temporal expression in language. The articles included in this volume were presented at the I International Meeting on Syntax and Semantics and their Interfaces, with the main theme of the event being time. The authors include well-renowned researchers as well as new contributors to the field who present cutting-edge research on a variety of topics, ranging from the fundamental nature of time to formal approaches to specific tense-aspect structures as well as their interaction with other grammatical categories. This volume represents a valuable contribution to the field and will be of interest to scholars studying the representation of time in language as well as to syntacticians and semanticists in general.

From Individual to Plural Agency

Kirk Ludwig
From Individual to Plural Agency Book PDF

Author : Kirk Ludwig
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198755623

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From Individual to Plural Agency by Kirk Ludwig Pdf

Kirk Ludwig develops a novel reductive account of plural discourse about collective action and shared intention. He argues that collective action is a matter of there being multiple agents of an event and requires no group agents, while shared intentions are distributions of intentions across members of the group.

Events and Grammar

Susan Rothstein
Events and Grammar Book PDF

Author : Susan Rothstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789401139694

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Events and Grammar by Susan Rothstein Pdf

This volume covers a broad spectrum of research into the role of events in grammar. It addresses event arguments and thematic argument structure, the role of events in verbal aspectual distinctions, events and the distinction between stage and individual level predicates, and the role of events in the analysis of plurality and scope relations. It is of interest to scholars and students of theoretical linguistics, philosophers of language, computational linguists, and computer scientists.

Events and Grammar

Susan Rothstein
Events and Grammar Book PDF

Author : Susan Rothstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2001-11-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1402002890

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Events and Grammar by Susan Rothstein Pdf

This volume covers a broad spectrum of research into the role of events in grammar. It addresses event arguments and thematic argument structure, the role of events in verbal aspectual distinctions, events and the distinction between stage and individual level predicates, and the role of events in the analysis of plurality and scope relations. It is of interest to scholars and students of theoretical linguistics, philosophers of language, computational linguists, and computer scientists.

The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality

Marija Jankovic,Kirk Ludwig
The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality Book PDF

Author : Marija Jankovic,Kirk Ludwig
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317666851

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The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality by Marija Jankovic,Kirk Ludwig Pdf

The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality provides a wide-ranging survey of topics in a rapidly expanding area of interdisciplinary research. It consists of 36 chapters, written exclusively for this volume, by an international team of experts. What is distinctive about the study of collective intentionality within the broader study of social interactions and structures is its focus on the conceptual and psychological features of joint or shared actions and attitudes, and their implications for the nature of social groups and their functioning. This Handbook fully captures this distinctive nature of the field and how it subsumes the study of collective action, responsibility, reasoning, thought, intention, emotion, phenomenology, decision-making, knowledge, trust, rationality, cooperation, competition, and related issues, as well as how these underpin social practices, organizations, conventions, institutions and social ontology. Like the field, the Handbook is interdisciplinary, drawing on research in philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, legal theory, anthropology, sociology, computer science, psychology, economics, and political science. Finally, the Handbook promotes several specific goals: (1) it provides an important resource for students and researchers interested in collective intentionality; (2) it integrates work across disciplines and areas of research as it helps to define the shape and scope of an emerging area of research; (3) it advances the study of collective intentionality.

Event Structures in Linguistic Form and Interpretation

Johannes Dölling,Tatjana Heyde-Zybatow,Martin Schäfer
Event Structures in Linguistic Form and Interpretation Book PDF

Author : Johannes Dölling,Tatjana Heyde-Zybatow,Martin Schäfer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110925449

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Event Structures in Linguistic Form and Interpretation by Johannes Dölling,Tatjana Heyde-Zybatow,Martin Schäfer Pdf

This volume addresses the problem of how language expresses conceptual information on event structures and how such information can be reconstructed in the interpretation process. The papers present important new insights into recent semantic and syntactic research on the topic. The volume deals with the following problems in detail: event structure and syntactic construction, event structure and modification, event structure and plurality, event structure and temporal relation, event structure and situation aspect, and event structure and language ontology. Importantly, the topic is discussed not only on the basis of English and German but on the basis of other languages including Mandarin, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, and Igbo as well. This volume thus provides solid evidence towards clarifying the empirical use of event based analyses.

Plural Logic

Alex Oliver,Timothy John Smiley
Plural Logic Book PDF

Author : Alex Oliver,Timothy John Smiley
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198744382

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Plural Logic by Alex Oliver,Timothy John Smiley Pdf

Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a new account of plural logic. They argue that there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation in logic, and expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists.

Lexical Plurals

Paolo Acquaviva
Lexical Plurals Book PDF

Author : Paolo Acquaviva
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199534210

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Lexical Plurals by Paolo Acquaviva Pdf

This title explores the wide variety of cases in which the plural of nouns is lexical. Using tools from formal semantics and theoretical morphology, it analyses the countless number of examples of word-dependent irregularities in the form and meaning of plural.

Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language

Gillian Russell,Delia Graff Fara
Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language Book PDF

Author : Gillian Russell,Delia Graff Fara
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 941 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781136594076

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Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language by Gillian Russell,Delia Graff Fara Pdf

Philosophy of language is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature of meaning, the relationship of language to reality, and the ways in which we use, learn, and understand language. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language provides a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the field, charting its key ideas and movements, and addressing contemporary research and enduring questions in the philosophy of language. Unique to this Companion is clear coverage of research from the related disciplines of formal logic and linguistics, and discussion of the applications in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics and philosophy of mind. Organized thematically, the Companion is divided into seven sections: Core Topics; Foundations of Semantics; Parts of Speech; Methodology; Logic for Philosophers of Language; Philosophy of Language for the Rest of Philosophy; and Historical Perspectives. Comprised of 70 never-before-published essays from leading scholars--including Sally Haslanger, Jeffrey King, Sally McConnell-Ginet, Rae Langton, Kit Fine, John MacFarlane, Jeff Pelletier, Scott Soames, Jason Stanley, Stephen Stich and Zoltan Gendler Szabo--the Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Language promises to be the most comprehensive and authoritative resource for students and scholars alike.

Events and Plurality

Fred Landman
Events and Plurality Book PDF

Author : Fred Landman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789401143592

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Events and Plurality by Fred Landman Pdf

JERUSALEM LECTURES In 1992, I was a Lady Davis Fellow in the English Department at the Hebrew Univer sity of Jerusalem. In the context of this, Edit Doron asked me to present a series of weekly evening lectures. The idea was that I would be talking about my own current research on plurality in an event based theory, without the restraints that a nonnal seminar fonnat would im pose: i.e. the idea was that I would actually get to the part where I would talk about my own work. At the same time, Edit added, it would be nice if, rather than just presupposing or presenting a neo-Davidsonian framework to develop my analysis of plurality, I could provide a more general setting of the problems by discussing in some depth the archi tecture of event arguments and thematic roles. In particular, Terry Parsons' book, Par sons 1990, had appeared relatively recently, and there was real interest among the audience in discussing Parsons' arguments for events and roles.

What It All Means

Philippe Schlenker
What It All Means Book PDF

Author : Philippe Schlenker
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262371773

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What It All Means by Philippe Schlenker Pdf

How meaning works—from monkey calls to human language, from spoken language to sign language, from gestures to music—and how meaning is connected to truth. We communicate through language, connecting what we mean to the words we say. But humans convey meaning in other ways as well, with facial expressions, hand gestures, and other methods. Animals, too, can get their meanings across without words. In What It All Means, linguist Philippe Schlenker explains how meaning works, from monkey calls to human language, from spoken language to sign language, from gestures to music. He shows that these extraordinarily diverse types of meaning can be studied and compared within a unified approach—one in which the notion of truth plays a central role. “It’s just semantics” is often said dismissively. But Schlenker shows that semantics—the study of meaning—is an unsung success of modern linguistics, a way to investigate some of the deepest questions about human nature using tools from the empirical and formal sciences. Drawing on fifty years of research in formal semantics, Schlenker traces how meaning comes to life. After investigating meaning in primate communication, he explores how human meanings are built, using in some cases sign languages as a guide to the workings of our inner “logic machine.” Schlenker explores how these meanings can be enriched by iconicity in sign language and by gestures in spoken language, and then turns to more abstract forms of iconicity to understand the meaning of music. He concludes by examining paradoxes, which—being neither true nor false—test the very limits of meaning.

Plural Logic

Alex Oliver,Timothy Smiley
Plural Logic Book PDF

Author : Alex Oliver,Timothy Smiley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192595386

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Plural Logic by Alex Oliver,Timothy Smiley Pdf

Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a natural point of entry to what for most readers will be a new subject. Plural logic deals with plural terms ('Whitehead and Russell', 'Henry VIII's wives', 'the real numbers', 'the square root of -1', 'they'), plural predicates ('surrounded the fort', 'are prime', 'are consistent', 'imply'), and plural quantification ('some things', 'any things'). Current logic is singularist: its terms stand for at most one thing. By contrast, the foundational thesis of this book is that a particular term may legitimately stand for several things at once; in other words, there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation. The authors argue that plural phenomena need to be taken seriously and that the only viable response is to adopt a plural logic, a logic based on plural denotation. They expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists. A formal system of plural logic is presented in three stages, before being applied to Cantorian set theory as an illustration. Technicalities have been kept to a minimum, and anyone who is familiar with the classical predicate calculus should be able to follow it. The authors' approach is an attractive blend of no-nonsense argumentative directness and open-minded liberalism, and they convey the exciting and unexpected richness of their subject. Mathematicians and linguists, as well as logicians and philosophers, will find surprises in this book. This second edition includes a greatly expanded treatment of the paradigm empty term zilch, a much strengthened treatment of Cantorian set theory, and a new chapter on higher-level plural logic.

Lexical Semantics, Syntax, and Event Structure

Malka Rappaport Hovav,Edit Doron,Ivy Sichel
Lexical Semantics Syntax and Event Structure Book PDF

Author : Malka Rappaport Hovav,Edit Doron,Ivy Sichel
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191572845

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Lexical Semantics, Syntax, and Event Structure by Malka Rappaport Hovav,Edit Doron,Ivy Sichel Pdf

This book focuses on the linguistic representation of temporality in the verbal domain and its interaction with the syntax and semantics of verbs, arguments, and modifiers. Leading scholars explore the division of labour between syntax, compositional semantics, and lexical semantics in the encoding of event structure, encompassing event participants and the temporal properties associated with events. They examine the interface between event structure and the systems with which it interacts, including the interface between event structure and the syntactic realization of arguments and modifiers. Deploying a variety of frameworks and theoretical perspectives they consider central issues and questions in the field, among them whether argument-structure is specified in the lexical entries of verbs or syntactically constructed so that syntactic position determines thematic status; whether the hierarchical structure evidenced in argument structure find parallels in sign language; should the relation between members of an alternation pair, such as the causative-inchoative alternation, be understood lexically or derivationally; and the role of syntactic category in determining the configuration of argument structure.