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Author : Wiener Library
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Antisemitism
ISBN : 028564307X
A major contribution to Holocaust studies, and the definitive eye-witness account of the events of the Night of Broken Glass. Drawn from the extensive archives of the Wiener Library.
Author : Steven J. Ross
Publisher : Purdue University Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612496160
On November 9 and 10, 1938, Nazi leadership unleashed an unprecedented orchestrated wave of violence against Jews in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland, supposedly in response to the assassination of a Nazi diplomat by a young Polish Jew, but in reality to force the remaining Jews out of the country. During the pogrom, Stormtroopers, Hitler Youth, and ordinary Germans murdered more than a hundred Jews (many more committed suicide) and ransacked and destroyed thousands of Jewish institutions, synagogues, shops, and homes. Thirty thousand Jews were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. Volume 17 of the Casden Annual Review includes a series of articles presented at an international conference titled “New Perspectives on Kristallnacht: After 80 Years, the Nazi Pogrom in Global Comparison.” Assessing events 80 years after the violent anti-Jewish pogrom of 1938, contributors to this volume offer new cutting-edge scholarship on the event and its repercussions. Contributors include scholars from the United States, Germany, Israel, and the United Kingdom who represent a wide variety of disciplines, including history, political science, and Jewish and media studies. Their essays discuss reactions to the pogrom by victims and witnesses inside Nazi Germany as well as by foreign journalists, diplomats, Jewish organizations, and Jewish print media. Several contributors to the volume analyze postwar narratives of and global comparisons to Kristallnacht, with the aim of situating this anti-Jewish pogrom in its historical context, as well as its place in world history.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Jews
ISBN : OCLC:609785070
Author : Alan E. Steinweis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674036239
On November 7, 1938, a Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, fatally shot a German diplomat in Paris. Within three days anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany, initially incited by local Nazi officials, and ultimately sanctioned by the decisions of Hitler and Goebbels at the pinnacle of the Third Reich. As synagogues burned and Jews were beaten in the streets, police stood aside. Men, women, and children—many neighbors of the victims—participated enthusiastically in acts of violence, rituals of humiliation, and looting. By the night of November 10, a nationwide antisemitic pogrom had inflicted massive destruction on synagogues, Jewish schools, and Jewish-owned businesses. During and after this spasm of violence and plunder, 30,000 Jewish men were rounded up and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds would perish in the following months. Kristallnacht revealed to the world the intent and extent of Nazi Judeophobia. However, it was seen essentially as the work of the Nazi leadership. Now, Alan Steinweis counters that view in his vision of Kristallnacht as a veritable pogrom—a popular cathartic convulsion of antisemitic violence that was manipulated from above but executed from below by large numbers of ordinary Germans rioting in the streets, heckling and taunting Jews, cheering Stormtroopers' hostility, and looting Jewish property on a massive scale. Based on original research in the trials of the pogrom's perpetrators and the testimonies of its Jewish survivors, Steinweis brings to light the evidence of mob action by all sectors of the civilian population. Kristallnacht 1938 reveals the true depth and nature of popular antisemitism in Nazi Germany on the eve of the Holocaust.
Author : Uta Gerhardt,Thomas Karlauf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781509552603
November 9th 1938 is widely seen as a violent turning point in Nazi Germany’s assault on the Jews. An estimated 400 Jews lost their lives in the anti-Semitic pogrom and more than 30,000 were imprisoned or sent to concentration camps, where many were brutally mistreated. Thousands more fled their homelands in Germany and Austria, shocked by what they had seen, heard and experienced. What they took with them was not only the pain of saying farewell but also the memory of terrible scenes: attacks by mobs of drunken Nazis, public humiliations, burning synagogues, inhuman conditions in overcrowded prison cells and concentration camp barracks. The reactions of neighbours and passersby to these barbarities ranged from sympathy and aid to scorn, mockery, and abuse. In 1939 the Harvard sociologist Edward Hartshorne gathered eyewitness accounts of the Kristallnacht from hundreds of Jews who had fled, but Hartshorne joined the Secret Service shortly afterwards and the accounts he gathered were forgotten – until now. These eyewitness testimonies – published here for the first time with a Foreword by Saul Friedländer, the Pulitzer Prize historian and Holocaust survivor – paint a harrowing picture of everyday violence in one of Europe’s darkest moments. This unique and disturbing document will be of great interest to anyone interested in modern history, Nazi Germany and the historical experience of the Jews.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UOM:39015022195989
A collection of material for commemorative observance of the "Kristallnacht" pogroms which occurred in Germany and Austria, giving historical background, texts of documents, suggested program ideas, study aids, and resources (resource centers, a short bibliography, and a list of films on the Holocaust).
Author : Jacques Fredj,Mémorial de la Shoah (Paris).
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
ISBN : 2916966587
Author : Walter Pehle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Academic
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1990-05-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0854966870
Prominent historians examine the political and economic developments before November 1938, the pogrom against the Jews in urban centres and rural areas and how the Jews were affected by the events. In addition they explore important aspects of the 'Final Solution': how it was planned and carried out and to what extent the German population was aware of this programme.
Author : Alan E. Steinweis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674267534
On November 7, 1938, a Jewish teenager, Herschel Grynszpan, fatally shot a German diplomat in Paris. Within three days anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany, initially incited by local Nazi officials, and ultimately sanctioned by the decisions of Hitler and Goebbels at the pinnacle of the Third Reich. As synagogues burned and Jews were beaten in the streets, police stood aside. Men, women, and children—many neighbors of the victims—participated enthusiastically in acts of violence, rituals of humiliation, and looting. By the night of November 10, a nationwide antisemitic pogrom had inflicted massive destruction on synagogues, Jewish schools, and Jewish-owned businesses. During and after this spasm of violence and plunder, 30,000 Jewish men were rounded up and sent to concentration camps, where hundreds would perish in the following months. Kristallnacht revealed to the world the intent and extent of Nazi Judeophobia. However, it was seen essentially as the work of the Nazi leadership. Now, Alan Steinweis counters that view in his vision of Kristallnacht as a veritable pogrom—a popular cathartic convulsion of antisemitic violence that was manipulated from above but executed from below by large numbers of ordinary Germans rioting in the streets, heckling and taunting Jews, cheering Stormtroopers' hostility, and looting Jewish property on a massive scale. Based on original research in the trials of the pogrom's perpetrators and the testimonies of its Jewish survivors, Steinweis brings to light the evidence of mob action by all sectors of the civilian population. Kristallnacht 1938 reveals the true depth and nature of popular antisemitism in Nazi Germany on the eve of the Holocaust.
Author : Martin Gilbert
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2007-05-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780061121357
In the early hours of November 10, 1938, Nazi storm troopers and Hitler Youth rampaged through Jewish neighborhoods across Germany, leaving behind them a horrifying trail of terror and destruction. More than a thousand synagogues and many thousands of Jewish shops were destroyed, while thirty thousand Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps. Kristallnacht—the Night of Broken Glass—was a decisive stage in the systematic eradication of a people who traced their origins in Germany to Roman times and was a sinister forewarning of the Holocaust. With rare insight and acumen, Martin Gilbert examines this night and day of terror, presenting readers with a meticulously researched, masterfully written, and eye-opening study of one of the darkest chapters in human history.
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 198189165X
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of Kristallnacht written by eyewitnesses *Includes footnotes and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "It did not take long before the first heavy grey stones came tumbling down, and the children of the village amused themselves as they flung stones into the many coloured windows. When the first rays of a cold and pale November sun penetrated the heavy dark clouds, the little synagogue was but a heap of stone, broken glass and smashed-up woodwork." - Eric Lucas' description of the destruction of a synagogue during Kristallnacht On the 40th anniversary of Kristallnacht, Germany's night of broken glass, then chancellor of Germany Helmut Schmidt spoke of its legacy, "The German night, whose observance after the passage of forty years has brought us together today, remains a cause of bitterness and shame. In those places where the houses of God stood in flames, where a signal from those in power set of a train of destruction and robbery, of humiliation, abduction and incarceration- there was an end to peace, to justice, to humanity. The night of 9 November 1938 marked one of the stages along the path leading down to hell." The hell that Schmidt spoke of was the persecution and attempted elimination of the Jewish people from Europe itself as envisioned by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi leadership he brought to power in Germany during the 1930s. On the night of November 9, 1938, an organized show of force against Jewish businesses and private homes occurred throughout German cities and recently annexed territories in Austria and the Sudetenland. This night would mark a turning point in the lives of not only Jews but all people of the time, marking a clear new path of violence, destruction, and persecution for Jews throughout Europe in the years to follow. Though German Jews had been discriminated against in many forms for as long as the German nation existed, Kristallnacht is widely viewed as the key point in the chronology of Jewish persecution, and many historians consider it to be the beginning of the Holocaust itself. With the condoned and even coordinated violence of Kristallnacht, a new and unprecedented era of anti-Jewish sentiment and action began. The name Kristallnacht is in itself controversial. The origin of the term, which translates as the night of crystal or the night of broken glass, is unknown. There has been conjecture that the Nazi propaganda minister, Josef Goebbels himself, coined the term, but there is now considerable concern in Germany over anything that might seem to make light of or minimize the events of the Holocaust, so the name Kristallnacht is not favored. Instead, the November Pogrom or Reich Pogrom is the preferred term amongst German historians. As Walter Pehle, German professor of Nazi history, warns, "It is clear that the term Crystal Night serves to foster a vicious minimalizing of its memory, a discounting of grave reality: such cynical appellations function to reinterpret manslaughter and murder arson and robbery, plunder, and massive property damage, transforming these into a glistening event marked by sparkle and gleam." Rabbi Benjamin Blech sees the acceptance of the term as a way to "verbally embrace the very heresy that abetted the Holocaust" and likens it to "murder by euphemism." In fact, the Nazis themselves referred to the attacks as the "Jew Action." Though they would describe the event as a spontaneous response of good Germans who could no longer stand the intrigues of the Jews in their midst, Reichskristallnacht, or the November pogrom, was not only allowed but fueled and encouraged by Nazi leaders in an effort to remove the Jews politically, economically, socially, and even physically from German life and culture. Kristallnacht: The History and Legacy of Nazi Germany's Most Notorious Pogrom analyzes one of the most controversial events in pre-war Germany.
Author : Verband der Jüdischen Gemeinden in der DDR.
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Germany
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081901261
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Germany
ISBN : 1616190000
In November 1938, Hershel Grynszpan, a dissident Polish Jew, assassinated the third secretary of the German embassy in Paris, Ernst vom Rath. The Nazis used this event to instigate a huge pogrom, the Reichskristallnacht or Crystal Night Pogrom, resulting in the destruction of synagogues, breaking of windows of Jewish shops (hence the name of the pogrom), arrest and confinement of thousands of Jews in concentration camps, as well as the levy of a fine of one billion marks upon the Jewish community. A discussion of the event by Nazi leaders under the chairmanship of Marshal Hermann Goering began to outline some of the major features of the "Final Solution." Included is documentation on foreign reaction to the pogrom and plans for a show trial of Hershel Grynszpan. Contains 48 documents of source materials, carefully chosen from the thousands preserved at the U.S. National Archives.
Author : Donald S. Detwiler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Germany
ISBN : 1616190035
Volume 3, The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes. In November 1938, Hershel Grynszpan, a dissident Polish Jew, assassinated the third secretary of the German embassy in Paris, Ernst vom Rath. The Nazis used this event to instigate a huge pogrom, the Reichskristallnacht or Crystal Night Pogrom, resulting in the destruction of synagogues, breaking of windows of Jewish shops (hence the name of the pogrom), arrest and confinement of thousands of Jews in concentration camps, as well as the levy of a fine of one billion marks upon the Jewish community. A discussion of the event by Nazi leaders under the chairmanship of Marshal Hermann Goering began to outline some of the major features of the "Final Solution." Included is documentation on foreign reaction to the pogrom and plans for a show trial of Hershel Grynszpan. Contains 48 documents of source materials, carefully chosen from the thousands preserved at the U.S. National Archives. A detailed table of contents lists and provides the source for each document. The volumes in the series are organized topically: PLANNING AND PREPARATION 1. Legalizing the Holocaust: The Early Phase, 1933-1939 2. Legalizing the Holocaust: The Later Phase, 1939-1943 3. The Crystal Night Pogrom 4. Propaganda and Aryanization, 1938-1944 5. Jewish Emigration from 1933 to the Evian Conference of 1938 6. Jewish Emigration 1938-1940: Rublee Negotiations and the Intergovernmental Committee 7. Jewish Emigration: The S.S. St. Louis Affair and Other Cases THE KILLING OF THE JEWS 8. Deportation of the Jews to the East: Stettin, 1940, to Hungary, 1944 9. Medical Experiments on Jewish Inmates of Concentration Camps 10. The Einsatzgruppen or Murder Commandos 11. The Wannsee Protocol and a 1944 Report on Auschwitz by the Office of Strategic Services 12. The Final Solution in the Extermination Camps and the Aftermath 13. The Judicial System and the Jews in Nazi Germany RESCUE ATTEMPTS 14. Relief and Rescue of Jews from Nazi Oppression, 1943-1945 15. Relief in Hungary and the Failure of the Joel Brand Mission 16. Rescue to Switzerland: The Musy and Saly Mayer Affairs PUNISHMENT 17. Punishing the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Brandt, Pohl, and Ohlendorf Cases 18. Punishing the Perpetrators of the Holocaust: The Ohlendorf and von Weizsaecker Cases
Author : Alfred Gottschalk
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Germany
ISBN : IND:30000039090745
The author, who experienced the "Kristallnacht" pogrom in Germany, emphasizes the muted response of the American Jewish establishment to it. Though American Jewry had been active in condemning antisemitism before World War I, by the 1930s the establishment was afraid that active campaigning for German Jewry would increase the already significant degree of antisemitism in American society. Though the American, Jewish, and Protestant press, as well as Christian and interfaith groups, condemned the Nazi atrocities, the influential General Jewish Council was only prepared to set a day for "prayer and intercession" for Jews and Gentiles. Left-wing Jewish groups ignored this, holding massive rallies in New York and other cities. Stephen S. Wise, disillusioned by appeasement, and over-reliant on President Roosevelt, was also unable to speak out. Concludes that the American Jewish establishment's response to "Kristallnacht" was the paradigm for the civilized world's silence in the face of the Holocaust.
