Political Gain And Civilian Pain

Author : Thomas George Weiss
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0847687031

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Political Gain and Civilian Pain by Thomas George Weiss Pdf

The use of sanctions is increasing in the post-Cold War world. Along with this increase, the international community must ask itself whether sanctions 'work, ' in the sense that they incite citizens to change or overthrow an offending government, and whether sanctions are really less damaging than the alternative of war. Here for the first time, sanctions and humanitarian aid experts converge on these questions and consider the humanitarian impacts of sanctions along with their potential political benefits. The results show that often the most vulnerable members of targeted societies pay the price of sanctions, and that in addition, the international system is called upon to compensate the victims for the undeniable pain they have suffered. Well-chosen case studies of South Africa, Iraq, the former Yugoslavia, and Haiti illustrate how much pain the community of states is willing to inflict upon civilians in the quest for political gains. Together with an analytical framework and policy conclusions, this important book seeks to clarify the range of options and strategies to policymakers who impose sanctions and to humanitarian officials who operate in sanctioned environments

Author : Gavin Sullivan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108491921

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The Law of the List by Gavin Sullivan Pdf

Governing though the technology of the list is transforming international law, global security and the power of international organisations.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Peace
ISBN : UCBK:C077728475

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Contributions to the Study of Peacemaking by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anne-Marie Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mediation, International
ISBN : PURD:32754082154604

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Contributions to the Study of Peacemaking by Anne-Marie Smith Pdf

Author : United States Institute of Peace
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Peace
ISBN : IND:30000070272343

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Contributions to the Study of Peacemaking by United States Institute of Peace Pdf

Author : United States Institute of Peace
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Mediation, International
ISBN : MINN:31951D01864304N

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Contributions to the Study of Peacemaking: A summary of projects completed by grantees and fellows, 1997-99 by United States Institute of Peace Pdf

Author : Lee Jones
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191066252

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Societies Under Siege by Lee Jones Pdf

Today, international economic sanctions are imposed in response to virtually every serious international crisis, whether to promote regime change and democratisation, punish armed aggression, or check nuclear proliferation. But how exactly is the economic pain inflicted by sanctions supposed to translate into political gain? What are the mechanisms by which sanctions operate - or fail to operate? This is the first comparative study of this vital question. Drawing on Gramscian state theory, Societies Under Siege provides a novel analytical framework to study how sanctions are mediated through the domestic political economy and state-society relations of target states and filter through into political outcomes - whether those sought by the states imposing sanctions or, as frequently occurs, unintended and even highly perverse consequences. Detailed case studies of sanctions aimed at regime change in three pivotal cases - South Africa, Iraq and Myanmar - are used to explore how different types of sanctions function across time and space. These case studies draw on extensive fieldwork interviews, archival documents and leaked diplomatic cables to provide a unique insight into how undemocratic regimes targeted by sanctions survive or fall.

Author : Håkan Wiberg,Christian P. Scherrer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429856785

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Ethnicity and Intra-State Conflict by Håkan Wiberg,Christian P. Scherrer Pdf

Published in 1999, this text examines domestic wars, looking at inter-state relations only in as far as they are directly relevant to understand such wars. The book aims to indicate how intra-state war differs from the inter-state war, and focuses primarily on such domestic armed conflicts that at least have significant ethnonational components. The book assesses how heterogeneous a category "ethnic conflict" is in terms of causes and consequences, and gauges the complex interplay between class, regionalism and ethnicity. It is not limited to description and causal analysis, but also attempts to assess suggestions as to what types of actors may contribute in what ways to avoiding ethnonational mobilization/polarization, avoiding militarization of manifest conflicts, and de-escalating militarized conflicts by looking for tenable generalizations on what types of approaches are fruitful in bringing about de-escalation, ceasefires, political compromises, peaceful division or peaceful integration, reconciliation.

Author : Jonathan Moore
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Law
ISBN : 0847690318

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Hard Choices by Jonathan Moore Pdf

Since Somalia, the international community has found itself changing its view of humanitarian intervention. Operations designed to alleviate suffering and achieve peace sometimes produce damaging results. The United Nations, nongovernmental organizations, military and civilian agencies alike find themselves in the midst of confusion and weakness where what they seek are clarity and stability. Competing needs, rights, and values can obscure even the best international efforts to quell violence and assuage crises of poverty. More attention must be paid to the complexity of issues and moral dilemmas involved. This volume of original essays by international policy leaders, practitioners, and scholars brings together insights into the conflicting moral pressures present in different kinds of interventions ranging from Rwanda and Somalia to Haiti, Cambodia, and Bosnia. From their various cultural and professional perspectives the authors cover issues of human rights, sanctions, arms trade, refugees, HIV, and the media. Together they make the case that, although there are no easy answers, moral reflection and content can improve the quality of decisionmaking and intervention in internal conflicts. Published under the auspices of The International Committee of the Red Cross.

Author : Kelly M. Greenhill,Peter Krause
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190846367

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Coercion by Kelly M. Greenhill,Peter Krause Pdf

From the rising significance of non-state actors to the increasing influence of regional powers, the nature and conduct of international politics has arguably changed dramatically since the height of the Cold War. Yet much of the literature on deterrence and compellence continues to draw (whether implicitly or explicitly) upon assumptions and precepts formulated in-and predicated upon-politics in a state-centric, bipolar world. Coercion moves beyond these somewhat hidebound premises and examines the critical issue of coercion in the 21st century, with a particular focus on new actors, strategies and objectives in this very old bargaining game. The chapters in this volume examine intra-state, inter-state, and transnational coercion and deterrence as well as both military and non-military instruments of persuasion, thus expanding our understanding of coercion for conflict in the 21st century. Scholars have analyzed the causes, dynamics, and effects of coercion for decades, but previous works have principally focused on a single state employing conventional military means to pressure another state to alter its behavior. In contrast, this volume captures fresh developments, both theoretical and policy relevant. This chapters in this volume focus on tools (terrorism, sanctions, drones, cyber warfare, intelligence, and forced migration), actors (insurgents, social movements, and NGOs) and mechanisms (trilateral coercion, diplomatic and economic isolation, foreign-imposed regime change, coercion of nuclear proliferators, and two-level games) that have become more prominent in recent years, but which have yet to be extensively or systematically addressed in either academic or policy literatures.

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2000-12-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309070270

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International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War by National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution Pdf

The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system.

Author : Peter J. Hoffman,Thomas G. Weiss
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442266148

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Humanitarianism, War, and Politics by Peter J. Hoffman,Thomas G. Weiss Pdf

What is humanitarianism? This authoritative book provides a comprehensive analysis of the original idea and its evolution, exploring its triangulation with war and politics. Peter J. Hoffman and Thomas G. Weiss trace the origins of humanitarianism, its social movement, and the institutions (international humanitarian law) and organizations (providers of assistance and protection) that comprise it. They consider the international humanitarian system’s ability to regulate the conduct of war, to improve the wellbeing of its victims, and to prosecute war criminals. Probing the profound changes in the culture and capacities that underpin the sector and alter the meaning of humanitarianism, they assess the reinventions that constitute “revolutions in humanitarian affairs.” The book begins with traditions and perspectives—ranging from classic international relations approaches to “Critical Humanitarian Studies” —and reviews seminal wartime emergencies and the creation and development of humanitarian agencies in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The authors then examine the rise of “new humanitarianisms” after the Cold War’s end and contemporary cases after 9/11. The authors continue by unpacking the most recent “revolutions”—the International Criminal Court and the “Responsibility to Protect”—as well as such core challenges as displacement camps, infectious diseases, eco-refugees, and marketization. They conclude by evaluating the contemporary system and the prospects for further transformations, identifying scholarly puzzles and the acute operational problems faced by practitioners.

Author : Gary Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-02-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781136028168

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The United Nations and Collective Security by Gary Wilson Pdf

The role of the United Nations in collective security has been evolving since its inception in 1945. This book explores collective security as practiced within the legal framework provided by the United Nations Charter, with a particular focus upon activity undertaken under the auspices of the UN Security Council, the body conferred by the Charter with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Although the book is primarily grounded in international law, where appropriate it also draws upon relevant political insights in order to present a clear picture of the UN collective security system in operation and the factors which impact upon the way in which it functions. Offering a comprehensive analysis it considers the full range of measures which can be utilised by the UN in the performance of its collective security remit including military enforcement action, peacekeeping, non-military sanctions and diplomacy. The book considers each of these measures in detail, assessing the legal framework applicable to the form of action, the main legal controversies which arise in respect of their appropriate utilisation, and the UN’s use of this collective security ‘tool’ in practice. The book draws conclusions about the main strengths and shortcomings of the various means through which the UN can attempt to prevent, minimise or end conflict.

Author : Neal Riemer
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2000-03-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780313001581

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Protection Against Genocide by Neal Riemer Pdf

Without succumbing to utopian fantasies or realistic pessimism, Riemer and his contributors call for strengthening the key institutions of a global human rights regime, developing an effective policy of prudent prevention of genocide, working out a sagacious strategy of keenly targeted sanctions—political, economic, military, judicial—and adopting a guiding philosophy of just humanitarian intervention. They underscore significant changes in the international system—the end of the Cold War, economic globalization, the communications revolution— that hold open the opportunity for significant, if modest, movement toward strengthening key institutions. The essays explore key problems in working toward prevention of genocide. They highlight the existence of considerable early warning of genocide and emphasize that the real problem is a lack of political will in key global institutions. Sanctions, especially economic sanctions may punish a genocidal regime, but at the expense of innocent civilians. Thus, more clearly targeted sanctions are seen as essential. The argument on behalf of a standing police force to deal with the crime of genocide, as they show, is powerful and controversial: powerful because the need is persuasive, controversial because political realists question its cost and political feasibility. Implementing a philosophy of just humanitarian intervention requires an appreciation of the difficulties of interpreting those principles in difficult concrete situations. A permanent international criminal tribunal to deter and punish genocide, they argue, will put into place a much needed component of a global human rights regime. A thoughtful analysis for scholars and students of international politics and law, and human rights in general.

Author : Thomas Kruiper
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-04-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781040018408

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United Nations Sanctions Regimes and Selective Security by Thomas Kruiper Pdf

This book investigates the selective nature of UN sanctions regimes with a specific focus on the post-Cold War era. Legally binding on all members, UN sanctions are the most effective and legitimate non-violent multilateral tools to respond to international security threats. They are also symbolically more powerful than unilateral or multilateral sanctions because they enjoy global support. However, while dozens of threats to international peace were met with UN sanctions since 1990, many others were not. How can we explain this incoherent approach? With a focus on the selectiveness, rather than effectiveness of UN sanctions the author reflects on the shifting geopolitical tensions between Security Council members and uses a variety of widely used academic datasets to provide a unique overview of what determines sanctions and sanctionable events. The primary audience will be scholars and students of international relations, international organizations, security studies, and political economy.