Political Violence In Twentieth Century Europe

Author : Donald Bloxham,Robert Gerwarth
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781139501293

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Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe by Donald Bloxham,Robert Gerwarth Pdf

This is a comprehensive history of political violence during Europe's incredibly violent twentieth century. Leading scholars examine the causes and dynamics of war, revolution, counterrevolution, genocide, ethnic cleansing, terrorism and state repression. They locate these manifestations of political violence within their full transnational and comparative contexts and within broader trends in European history from the beginning of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth-century, through the two world wars, to the Yugoslav Wars and the rise of fundamentalist terrorism. The book spans a 'greater Europe' stretching from Ireland and Iberia to the Baltic, the Caucasus, Turkey and the southern shores of the Mediterranean. It sheds new light on the extent to which political violence in twentieth-century Europe was inseparable from the generation of new forms of state power and their projection into other societies, be they distant territories of imperial conquest or ones much closer to home.

Author : Jochen Böhler,Włodzimierz Borodziej,Joachim von Puttkamer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000538045

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The Routledge History Handbook of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century by Jochen Böhler,Włodzimierz Borodziej,Joachim von Puttkamer Pdf

Violence analyzes both the violence exerted on the societies of Central and Eastern Europe during the twentieth century by belligerent powers and authoritarian and/or totalitarian regimes and armed conflicts between ethnic, social and national groups, as well as the interaction between these two phenomena. Throughout the twentieth century, Central and Eastern Europe was hit particularly hard by war, violence and repression, with armed conflicts in the Balkans at the start and end of the period and two world wars in between. In the shadow of these full-scale wars, ethnic, social and national conflicts were intensified, found new forms and were violently played out. The interwar period witnessed the emergence of authoritarian states who enforced their claim to power through continued violence against political opponents, stigmatized ethnic, national and social groups, and were themselves fought with subversive or terrorist techniques. This volume focuses specifically on physical violence: war and civil war, ethnic cleansing, systematic starvation policies, deportations and expulsions, forced labour and prison camps, persecution by state security – such as intensive surveillance, which had an enormous impact on the lives of those it affected – and other forms of government oppression and militant resistance. Geographically, it considers the western regions of Belarus and Ukraine as sites of extreme violence that had a noticeable impact on neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries as well. The concluding volume in a four-volume set on Central and Eastern Europe in the twentieth century, it is the go-to resource for those interested in violence in this complex region.

Author : Eliza Ablovatski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9780521768306

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Revolution and Political Violence in Central Europe by Eliza Ablovatski Pdf

Examines how narratives of the 1919 Central European revolutions promoted a violent counterrevolutionary culture in interwar Germany and Hungary.

Author : Ota Konrád,Boris Barth,Jaromír Mrňka
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030783860

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Collective Identities and Post-War Violence in Europe, 1944–48 by Ota Konrád,Boris Barth,Jaromír Mrňka Pdf

This book analyses the process of ‘reshaping’ liberated societies in post-1945 Europe. Post-war societies tried to solve three main questions immediately after the dark times of occupation: Who could be considered a patriot and a valuable member of the respective national community? How could relations between men and women be (re-)established? How could the respective society strengthen national cohesion? Violence in rather different forms appeared to be a powerful tool for such a complex reshaping of societies. The chapters are based on present primary research about specific cases and consider the different political, mental, and cultural developments in various nation-states between 1944 and 1948. Examples from Italy, France, Norway, Denmark, Greece, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary demonstrate a new comparative and fascinating picture of post-war Europe. This perspective overcomes the notorious East-West dividing line, without covering the manifold differences between individual European countries.

Author : Gerhard Hirschfeld,Wolfgang J. Mommsen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1982-11-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781349169412

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Social Protest, Violence & Terror in Nineteenth- & Twentieth-Century Europe by Gerhard Hirschfeld,Wolfgang J. Mommsen Pdf

Author : Spencer Di Scala
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages
Page : 818 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015062581163

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Twentieth Century Europe by Spencer Di Scala Pdf

This work sees the 20th century as a long century, and focuses on the crucial political events of the century. While it gives attention to the high level of violence in Europe, it weaves into the themes the struggle for hegemony, the establishment of common economic and political institutions, and the advance of science. A bibliographical essay in each chapter allows the readers to expand on issues discussed in the text.

Author : Wolfgang J. Mommsen,Gerhard Hirschfeld,German Historical Institute in London
Publisher : New York : St. Martin's Press : [Published] for the German Historical Institute, London
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Terrorism
ISBN : 0312734719

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Social Protest, Violence, and Terror in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Europe by Wolfgang J. Mommsen,Gerhard Hirschfeld,German Historical Institute in London Pdf

Author : Kevin Passmore,Chris Millington
Publisher : Springer
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137515957

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Political Violence and Democracy in Western Europe, 1918-1940 by Kevin Passmore,Chris Millington Pdf

The essays in this book concern manifestations of political violence in the democracies of interwar Europe. While research in this area usually focuses on the countries that fell to fascism, the authors demonstrate that violence remained a part of political competition in the democratic regimes of Western Europe too.

Author : David E. Lorey,William H. Beezley
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : 0842029826

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Genocide, Collective Violence, and Popular Memory by David E. Lorey,William H. Beezley Pdf

The twentieth century has been scarred by political violence and genocide, reaching its extreme in the Holocaust. Yet, at the same time, the century has been marked by a growing commitment to human rights. This volume highlights the importance of history-

Author : Antonios Ampoutis,Marios Dimitriadis,Sakis Dimitriadis
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781527523944

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Violence and Politics by Antonios Ampoutis,Marios Dimitriadis,Sakis Dimitriadis Pdf

In this volume, a new generation of researchers explore and demonstrate the interaction between politics and violence in the context of Greek and European history. In terms of focus, the articles here extend over a time span stretching from the Greek classical period to the twentieth century. The ancient Greek polis, medieval and early modern Europe, Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire, nineteenth-century Britain and the Greek society of the 1940s are some of the historical periods in which the relationship between violence and politics is examined. At the same time, the authors tackle important themes concerning this relationship, such as legitimate and illegitimate violence, violence from above and from below, resistance and revolt, authority and subordination, and gendered and political violence.

Author : Dirk Schumann
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857453143

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Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933 by Dirk Schumann Pdf

A comprehensive analysis of political violence in Weimar Germany with particular emphasis on the political culture from which it emerged. “Today’s readers, living in what Charles Maier calls ‘a new epoch of vanished reassurance’, will find this book absorbing and troubling.”—The Historian The Prussian province of Saxony—where the Communist uprising of March 1921 took place and two Combat Leagues (Wehrverbände) were founded (the right-wing Stahlhelm and the Social Democratic Reichsbanner)—is widely recognized as a politically important region in this period of German history. Using a case study of this socially diverse province, this book refutes both the claim that the Bolshevik revolution was the prime cause of violence and the argument that the First World War’s all-encompassing “brutalization” doomed post-1918 German political life from the very beginning. The study thus contributes to a view of the Weimar Republic as a state in severe crisis but with alternatives to the Nazi takeover. From the introduction: After the phase of civil war, political violence assumed a distinctly limited form. It was no longer aimed at killing or wounding as many opponents as possible; instead, it served political parties and organizations as an instrument for exerting pressure in the struggle over control of the street. This development was driven by the Combat Leagues (Wehrverbände) of all political camps, who, with their uniforms and marches, injected militaristic elements into the political culture. However, since the violence they perpetrated followed a political and not a military logic, it was, as I will show, in principle controllable and did not pose a fundamental threat to the political order, not even in 1932, that particularly turbulent year before Hitler’s assumption of power.

Author : Manus I. Midlarsky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139500777

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Origins of Political Extremism by Manus I. Midlarsky Pdf

Political extremism is one of the most pernicious, destructive, and nihilistic forms of human expression. During the twentieth century, in excess of 100 million people had their lives taken from them as the result of extremist violence. In this wide-ranging book Manus I. Midlarsky suggests that ephemeral gains, together with mortality salience, form basic explanations for the origins of political extremism and constitute a theoretical framework that also explains later mass violence. Midlarsky applies his framework to multiple forms of political extremism, including the rise of Italian, Hungarian and Romanian fascism, Nazism, radical Islamism, and Soviet, Chinese and Cambodian communism. Other applications include a rampaging military (Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia) and extreme nationalism in Serbia, Croatia, the Ottoman Empire and Rwanda. Polish anti-Semitism after World War II and the rise of separatist violence in Sri Lanka are also examined.

Author : IRINA. MARIN
Publisher : Palgrave MacMillan
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-08-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030093956

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Peasant Violence and Antisemitism in Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe by IRINA. MARIN Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400832613

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Europe in the Era of Two World Wars by Anonim Pdf

How and why did Europe spawn dictatorships and violence in the first half of the twentieth century, and then, after 1945 in the west and after 1989 in the east, create successful civilian societies? In this book, Volker Berghahn explains the rise and fall of the men of violence whose wars and civil wars twice devastated large areas of the European continent and Russia--until, after World War II, Europe adopted a liberal capitalist model of society that had first emerged in the United States, and the beginnings of which the Europeans had experienced in the mid-1920s. Berghahn begins by looking at how the violence perpetrated in Europe's colonial empires boomeranged into Europe, contributing to the millions of casualties on the battlefields of World War I. Next he considers the civil wars of the 1920s and the renewed rise of militarism and violence in the wake of the Great Crash of 1929. The second wave of even more massive violence crested in total war from 1939 to 1945 that killed more civilians than soldiers, and this time included the industrialized murder of millions of innocent men, women, and children in the Holocaust. However, as Berghahn concludes, the alternative vision of organizing a modern industrial society on a civilian basis--in which people peacefully consume mass-produced goods rather than being 'consumed' by mass-produced weapons--had never disappeared. With the United States emerging as the hegemonic power of the West, it was this model that finally prevailed in Western Europe after 1945 and after the end of the Cold War in Eastern Europe as well.

Author : Sabrina P. Ramet
Publisher : Central European University Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789633863107

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Alternatives to Democracy in Twentieth-Century Europe by Sabrina P. Ramet Pdf

Alternatives to Democracy in Twentieth-Century Europe examines the historical examples of Soviet Communism, Italian Fascism, German Nazism, and Spanish Anarchism, suggesting that, in spite of their differences, they had some key features in common, in particular their shared hostility to individualism, representative government, laissez faire capitalism, and the decadence they associated with modern culture. But rather than seeking to return to earlier ways of working these movements and regimes sought to design a new future – an alternative future – that would restore the nation to spiritual and political health. The Fascists, for their part, specifically promoted palingenesis, which is to say the spiritual rebirth of the nation. The book closes with a long epilogue, in which Ramet defends liberal democracy, highlighting its strengths and advantages. In this chapter, the author identifies five key choke points, which would-be authoritarians typically seek to control, subvert, or instrumentalize: electoral rules, the judiciary, the media, hate speech, and surveillance, and looks at the cases of Viktor Orbán’s Hungary, Jarosław Kaczyński’s Poland, and Donald Trump’s United States.