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Author : Aidan Russell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108499347
Reveals the neglected history of decolonisation and violence in Burundi through the political language of truth, citizenship and violence.
Author : Neela Ghoshal,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Burundi
ISBN : 9781564324795
Methodology -- Recommendations -- Background -- Settling of scores : human rights abuses in the power struggle between CNDD-FDD and the FNL -- FNL abuses : repression as political strategy -- Government repression of democratic political oppsosition -- State-sanctioned political intimidation by CNDD-FDD youth groups -- The reaction of authorities -- Role of international stakeholders.
Author : Timothy Paul Longman,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Publisher : Human Rights Watch
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 1564321797
Executions of Civilians
Author : Peter Uvin
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781848137240
Burundi has recently emerged from twelve years of devastating civil war. Its economy has been destroyed and hundreds and thousands of people have been killed. In this book, the voices of ordinary Burundians are heard for the first time. Farmers, artisans, traders, mothers, soldiers and students talk about the past and the future, war and peace, their hopes for a better life and their relationships with each other and the state. Young men, in particular, often seen as the cause of violence and war, talk about the difficulties of living up to standards of masculinity in an impoverished and war-torn society. Weaving a rich tapestry, Peter Uvin pitches the ideas and aspirations of people on the ground against the theory and assumptions often made by the international development and peace-building agencies and organisations. In doing this, he illuminates both shared goals and misunderstandings. This groundbreaking book on conflict and society in Africa will have profound repercussions for development across the world.
Author : Filip Reyntjens
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015051604083
Author : Neela Ghoshal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Burundi
ISBN : 1564326349
Methodology -- Recommendations -- Background -- Violence between youth groups and other party militants -- Potentially politically motivated murders and attacks -- Symbolic violence and destruction of property -- Threats -- Impunity for past killings and attacks -- Reaction of government, police and judiciary -- Role of international actors.
Author : Lewis Mudge,Carina Tertsakian
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Burundi
ISBN : 1564328759
"Scores of people have been killed in politically motivated attacks in Burundi since the end of 2010. Political violence escalated in 2011 with a string of targeted assassinations and reprisals. State security forces, intelligence services, members of the ruling party, and members of opposition groups have used violence against their perceived opponents. The victims have included members and former members of political parties, their relatives, other individuals targeted because of their presumed political sympathies, demobilized rebel combatants, and men and women with no known political affiliation. The most deadly attack took place in Gatumba, in September 2011, when at least 37 people were killed in a crowded bar. But there were numerous other cases in which individuals were singled out and murdered simply because of their perceived political sympathies, or because they refused to 'change sides.' Not only did the state fail to ensure security for its citizens, but it did not fulfill its duty to take all reasonable measures to prevent and prosecute these types of crimes. Very few of the perpetrators of political killings have been brought to justice. In one of the rare cases, the Gatumba attack, where prosecutions took place relatively quickly, the trial was seriously flawed, with several defendants claiming they had been tortured. Based on extensive field research in 2011 and early 2012, this report documents patterns and cases of political killings in late 2010 and 2011 in Burundi, as well as the response of government and judicial authorities. It also describes the intimidation of journalists and civil society activists whom the government accused of siding with the opposition"--Cover, p. [4].
Author : Stacey Mitchell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429019098
Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups d’état and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the country’s Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup d’état failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors – during periods of major institutional change – do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Burundi
ISBN : PURD:32754074686688
Author : Warren Weinstein,Robert A. Schrire
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Burundi
ISBN : STANFORD:36105036628126
Author : Stephen R. Weissman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Burundi
ISBN : UOM:39015041786180
Since 1993, interethnic violence between the 15 to 20 percent Tutsi minority and the 80 to 85 percent Hutu majority in Burundi has taken an estimated 150,000 lives. The continuation of the conflict helps place tens of millions of people at risk in Central Africa and erodes the international norm against genocide. Despite considerable time and effort, the world's peacemakers have been unable to stop the bloodshed and facilitate a political settlement. An examination of the international response to the crisis furnishes valuable lessons for peacemaking in Burundi and other areas of genocidal conflict. A long-term political settlement that took adequate account of Burundian history and circumstances would have three basic characteristics: (1) a form of democratic power sharing that was more majoritarian than consociational but provided significant protection for minority security and economic interests; (2) measures to address collective fears and memories of genocide by acknowledging past crimes and fixing individual responsibility for them; and (3) impartial outside military forces sufficient to control the Burundian military until it is reformed and ethnically integrated. However, as the democratization and power-sharing movements of the early 1990s indicated, a settlement is unlikely to develop without substantial international pressure and assistance. The lesson of these movements' tragic demise is that outside carrots and sticks must be focused on obtaining the engagement of all important parties, especially the powerful extremists, in compromise political negotiations.
Author : Stacey M. Mitchell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 0429508026
Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups d'état and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the country's Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup d'état failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each. This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors - during periods of major institutional change - do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.
Author : Aidan Russell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351141109
Around the world in the twentieth century, political violence in emerging states gave rise to different kinds of silence within their societies. This book explores the histories of these silences, how they were made, maintained, evaded, and transformed. This book gives a comprehensive view of the ongoing evolutions and multiple faces of silence as a common strand in the struggles of state-building. It begins with chapters that examine the construction of "regimes of silence" as an act of power, and it continues through explorations of the ambiguous limits of speech within communities marked by this violence. It highlights national and transnational attempts to combat state silences, before concluding with a series of considerations of how these regimes of silence continue to be extrapolated in the gaps of records and written history. This volume explores histories of the composed silences of political violence across the emerging states of the late twentieth century, not solely as a present concern of aftermath or retrospection but as a diachronic social and political dimension of violence itself. This book makes a major original contribution to international history, as well as to the study of political terror, human rights violations, social recovery, and historical memory.
Author : Mimmi Söderberg Kovacs,Jesper Bjarnesen
Publisher : Zed Books Ltd.
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781786992314
Multiparty elections have become the bellwether by which all democracies are judged, and the spread of these systems across Africa has been widely hailed as a sign of the continent’s progress towards stability and prosperity. But such elections bring their own challenges, particularly the often intense internecine violence following disputed results. While the consequences of such violence can be profound, undermining the legitimacy of the democratic process and in some cases plunging countries into civil war or renewed dictatorship, little is known about the causes. By mapping, analysing and comparing instances of election violence in different localities across Africa – including Kenya, Ivory Coast and Uganda – this collection of detailed case studies sheds light on the underlying dynamics and sub-national causes behind electoral conflicts, revealing them to be the result of a complex interplay between democratisation and the older, patronage-based system of ‘Big Man’ politics. Essential for scholars and policymakers across the social sciences and humanities interested in democratization, peace-keeping and peace studies, Violence in African Elections provides important insights into why some communities prove more prone to electoral violence than others, offering practical suggestions for preventing violence through improved electoral monitoring, voter education, and international assistance.
Author : Nigel Watt
Publisher : C Hurst
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : UOM:39015082655377
Little known in the English-speaking world, Burundi is Rwanda's twin, a small Central African country with a complex history of ethnic tension between its Hutu and Tutsi populations that has itself experienced traumatic events, including mass killings of over 200,000 people. The country remained in a state of simmering civil war until 2004, after which Julius Nyerere and Nelson Mandela took turns as mediators in a lengthy, and eventually successful, peace process which has endowed Burundi with new institutions, including a new constitution, that led to the election of a majority Hutu government in 2005. But there are many problems still to solve apart from ethnic tensions, above all the entrenched poverty of most Burundians, which has seen it designated by NGOs as one of the most deprived countries on earth. Nigel Watt's book discusses the troubled political fortunes of this beautiful, yet disturbed country in the heart of Central Africa. He traces the origins of its political crises, sheds light on Burundi's recent history by means of interviews with leading participants and those whose lives have been affected by horrific events, and helps demystify the country's ethnic divisions.