Politics Of Gender In The Kurdistan Region Of Iraq
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Politics of Gender in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Resource Curse, Tribalism and Political Culture by Emel Elif Tugdar Pdf
After the U.S. invasion of Iraq and the establishment of close relations between the West and the Kurds after 2003, there has been an increase in the demand towards reading and learning about this ethnic group. However, while in Western countries, there is substantial literature on the politics of gender, giving a deeper insight into the role that women play in the field, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), women rarely come up as a topic of discussion. This trend has also affected the literary works that detail their role in social and political affairs. Little has been written to establish the position in politics and their unexploited potential. On the other hand, in Iraq and in the Middle East at large, the Iraqi Kurdish society has made significant strides towards modernization and observation of the rule of law and governance in line with international standards. The National Action Plan and the Declaration of the Elimination of Violence against Women among others are the documents that are binding over Kurdistan to work towards ensuring the rights of women and their participation in politics. However, whether the contents of these documents on the involvement of women in the political landscape and respect for their rights are being honored or just remain on paper is still debatable. With a focus on these issues, this book examines the politics of gender in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, delving into the regional phenomena, i.e. resource curse, tribalism, religion, elitist feminism, and political culture. Using a mixed-methods approach, this book also acts as a pointer to how the country regards women even in the private spheres, including in the civil society level. Understanding the challenges that women face in articulating and shaping their interests and the place of tribal structure of the society and religion besides the oil economy that lead to gender inequality in political, social, and economic spheres is important towards helping them increase their representation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI).
Gender Equality and Development After Violent Conflict by Katherine Ranharter Pdf
Decision makers' attitude towards women and gender has a significant influence on development, especially after conflict. This book analyses the effects of gender-inclusive policies deployed by the Kurdistan Regional Government in the areas of politics, the economy and education on the region and its people.
Politics of Gender in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: by Emel Elif Tugdar Pdf
"After the U.S. invasion of Iraq and the establishment of close relations between the West and the Kurds after 2003, there has been an increase in the demand towards reading and learning about this ethnic group. However, while in Western countries, there is substantial literature on the politics of gender, giving a deeper insight into the role that women play in the field, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), women rarely come up as a topic of discussion. This trend has also affected the literary works that detail their role in social and political affairs. Little has been written to establish the position in politics and their unexploited potential. On the other hand, in Iraq and in the Middle East at large, the Iraqi Kurdish society has made significant strides towards modernization and observation of the rule of law and governance in line with international standards. The National Action Plan and the Declaration of the Elimination of Violence against Women among others are the documents that are binding over Kurdistan to work towards ensuring the rights of women and their participation in politics. However, whether the contents of these documents on the involvement of women in the political landscape and respect for their rights are being honored or just remain on paper is still debatable. With a focus on these issues, this book examines the politics of gender in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, delving into the regional phenomena, i.e. resource curse, tribalism, religion, elitist feminism, and political culture. Using a mixed-methods approach, this book also acts as a pointer to how the country regards women even in the private spheres, including in the civil society level. Understanding the challenges that women face in articulating and shaping their interests and the place of tribal structure of the society and religion besides the oil economy that lead to gender inequality in political, social, and economic spheres is important towards helping them increase their representation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)"--
Honor and the Political Economy of Marriage by Joanne Payton Pdf
'Honor' crimes target women and girls for transgressions against the moral code of the community, punishing female sexual autonomy in particular. This book argues that 'honor' represents women's conformity to culturally-enforced standards of marriageability and underpins family and marital connections which form a primary method of organization within the community.
As the post-invasion reconstruction of Iraq has unfolded, the potential for Iraqi women to participate actively and visibly in the country's political structure has been one of its most notable results. The 2005 Constitution required that no less than 25% of seats in the Iraqi Parliament be filled by women. Yet despite subsequent parliamentary statistics suggesting great strides for female political participation, there has been a resounding silence on the wider implications of this quota for women in Iraqi political life. This book is the first full-length study of women's political representation in Iraq. Based on interviews with politicians and substantial media analysis, Huda Al-Tamimi outlines the political, sectarian and cultural constraints facing female Members of Parliament, and the ways in which individual women and women's organizations are actively challenging barriers to their political influence. The book is a vital contribution to discussions concerning the success and limitations of gender quotas in the Middle East. It also offers new and critical perspectives on the evolution of Iraqi politics, a subject that remains of high priority for a region and international community interested in the nation's reconstruction.
The Kurdish Women's Freedom Movement by Isabel Käser Pdf
Amidst ongoing wars and insecurities, female fighters, politicians and activists of the Kurdish Freedom Movement are building a new political system that centres gender equality. Since the Rojava Revolution, the international focus has been especially on female fighters, a gaze that has often been essentialising and objectifying, brushing over a much more complex history of violence and resistance. Going beyond Orientalist tropes of the female freedom fighter, and the movement's own narrative of the 'free woman', Isabel Käser looks at personal trajectories and everyday processes of becoming a militant in this movement. Based on in-depth ethnographic research in Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan, with women politicians, martyr mothers and female fighters, she looks at how norms around gender and sexuality have been rewritten and how new meanings and practices have been assigned to women in the quest for Kurdish self-determination. Her book complicates prevailing notions of gender and war and creates a more nuanced understanding of the everyday embodied epistemologies of violence, conflict and resistance.
Youth Identity, Politics and Change in Contemporary Kurdistan by Shivan Fazil,Bahar Baser Pdf
Today’s youth are challenging the older political class around the world and are forming new political generations. Examples from South Africa and elsewhere where peace processes were deemed to be successful show signs of youth disapproval of the current post-conflict conditions. Moreover, the Arab Spring witnessed numerous youth movements emerge in authoritarian and illiberal contexts. This book was prepared in light of these discussions and aims to contribute to these ongoing debates on youth politics by presenting the situation of youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) as a case study. It will be the first book that specifically focuses on the Iraqi Kurdish youth and their political, social, and economic participation in Kurdistan. The contemporary history of the KRI is marked by conflict, war, and ethnic cleansing under Saddam Hussein and the tyranny of the Ba’ath regime, significantly affecting the political situation of the Kurds in the Middle East. Most of the recent academic literature has focused on the broader picture or, in other words, the macro politics of the Kurdish conundrum within Iraq and beyond. There is little scholarship about the Kurdish population and their socio-economic conditions after 2003, and almost none about the younger generation of Kurds who came of age during autonomous Kurdish rule. This is a generation that, unlike their forebears, has no direct memory of the decades-long campaigns of repression. Studying and examining the rise of this generation of Kurdish young millennials—“Generation 2000”—who came of age in the aftermath of the United States invasion of Iraq offers a unique approach to understand the dynamics in a region that underwent a substantial socio-political transformation after 2003 as well as the impact of these developments on the youth population. Pursuing different themes and lines of inquiry the contributors of the book analyze the challenges and opportunities for young men and women to fulfil their needs and desires, and contribute to the ongoing quest for nationhood and nation-building. "In this book, our aim is to bring together a variety of perspectives from local and foreign academics who have been working on pressing issues in Kurdistan and beyond. The chapters focus on an array of themes, particularly including political participation, political situation and change, religiosity, and extremism. ... Taken together, the chapters provide us with an introduction to youth politics in Kurdistan. This book is just the first attempt to open academic and nonacademic debate on this subject at a time when protests around youth-related issues are becoming a more prevalent method of political engagement in the region. Our hope is that more research follows and supplements what has not been addressed in this book, especially through the introduction of first-hand youth perspectives to the core of this analysis and giving them a voice in nonviolent platforms." CONTENTS Foreword: Youth in the Kurdistan Region and Their Past and Present Roles - Karwan Jamal Tahir Kurdish Youth as Agents of Change: Political Participation, Looming Challenges, and Future Predictions - Shivan Fazil and Bahar Baser CHAPTER 1. Youth Political Participation and Prospects for Democratic Reform in Iraqi Kurdistan - Munir H. Mohammad CHAPTER 2. Social Media, Youth Organization, and Public Order in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Megan Connelly CHAPTER 3. Constructing Their Own Liberation: Youth’s Reimagining of Gender and Queer Sexuality in Iraqi Kurdistan - Hawzhin Azeez CHAPTER 4. Kurdish Youth and Civic Culture: Support for Democracy Among Kurdish and non-Kurdish Youth in Iraq - Dastan Jasim CHAPTER 5. Youth and Nationalism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Sofia Barbarani CHAPTER 6. An Elitist Interpretation of KRG Governance: How Self-Serving Kurdish Elites Govern Under the Guise of Democracy and the Subsequent Implications for Representation and Change - Bamo Nouri CHAPTER 7. Educational Policy in the Kurdistan Region: A Critical Democratic Response - Abdurrahman Ahmad Wahab CHAPTER 8. Making Heaven in a Shithole: Changing Political Engagement in the Aftermath of the Islamic State - Lana Askari CHAPTER 9. Kurdish Youth and Religious Identity: Between Religious and National Tensions - Ibrahim Sadiq CHAPTER 10. Youth Radicalization in Kurdistan: The Government Response - Kamaran Palani
Women and War in the Middle East by Doctor Nicola Pratt,Doctor Nadje Al-Ali Pdf
Women and War in the Middle East provides a critical examination of the relationship between gender and transnationalism in the context of war, peace-building and post-conflict reconstruction in the Middle East. Critically examining the ways in which the actions of various local and transnational groups - including women's movements, diaspora communities, national governments, non-governmental actors and multilateral bodies - interact to both intentionally and inadvertantly shape the experiences of women in conflict situations, and determine the possibilities for women's participation in peace-building and (post)-conflict reconstruction, as well as the longer-term prospects for peace and security. The volume pays particular attention to the ways in which gender roles, relations and identities are constructed, negotiated and employed within transnational social and political fields in the conflict and post-conflict situations, and their particular consequences for women. Contributions focus on the two countries with the longest experiences of war and conflict in the Middle East, and which have been subject to the most prominent international interventions of recent years - that is, Iraq and the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Issues addressed by contributors include the impact of gender mainstreaming measures by international agencies and NGOs upon the ability of women to participate in peace-building and post-conflict resolution; the consequences for gender relations and identities of the US-led invasion and occupation of Iraq; and how transnational feminist movements can most effectively support peace building and women's rights in the region. Based entirely on original empirical research. Women and War in the Middle East brings together some of the foremost scholars in the areas of feminist international relations, feminist international political economy, anthropology, sociology, history and Middle East studies.
Women of Kurdistan: A Historical and Bibliographic Study by Shahrzad Mojab,Amir Hassanpour Pdf
Women of Kurdistan: A Historical and Bibliographic Study documents a century long history of Kurdish women’s struggles against oppressive gender relations and state violence. It speaks to bibliographic silences on Kurdish women; silences that are systemic and structured, with many factors contributing to their (re)production. The book records extensive literature on violence perpetrated by the family, community, and the state as well as presenting the reader with a vibrant archive of resistance and struggle of Kurdish women. The analysis avoids the fashionable state-centered scholarship, which purifies processes of nation-building, state-building, and disguises their violence. The image depicted of the women of Kurdistan in this bibliography is shaped also by the languages we have chosen: English, French, and German. It is a record of material in languages that are not spoken by the majority of the Kurds. It will, therefore, be different from a bibliography of works in the Kurdish language, which have a majority of Kurdish authors, with more entries on topics such as poetry, fiction, education, and arts. "Love and learning made the making of this bibliography imaginable. It began more than 20 years ago when Amir was expanding his theoretical ground for class analysis of nationalism and peasant movement in the Kurdish region of Mukriyan (Hassanpour, 2021). Simultaneously, I was engaged with debates on Marxist feminism and transnational feminism while grappling with post-al tendencies in feminism such as post-colonialism, post-structuralism, and post-modernism. We wanted to better understand the explanatory power and political implications of Marx’s dialectical historical materialism in explicating the intersecting and refracting relations of gender, class, race, culture, nation, and nationalism. This commitment, nonetheless, did not remain in the realm of epistemology as a disembodied intellectual exercise. As a member of a dominant nation–a Shirazi born Iranian–I wanted to critically confront this national “identity” and the sense of “belonging.” Amir sought to scrutinize patriarchal structures and gender relations in Kurdish history, society, culture, and nation. This intertwined mind and heart desire put us onto a path of renewed discoveries of our personal and intellectual relations. In a nutshell, this was the beginning of the making of Women of Kurdistan: A Historical and Bibliographic Study." Women of Kurdistan provides a meticulously researched source book for readers interested in women, gender, and sexuality in Kurdistan and the Middle East. It covers a wealth of bibliographic material, including both scholarly and non-academic publications, many of which have not previously been accessible to broader audiences. But Women of Kurdistan is more than a source of information. It is also an eloquent reflection on the entanglement of knowledge production and political power, and a call to recognize scholarship’s potential in shaping historical change. Above all, it is a passionate statement about the impossibility to comprehend the intersection of colonial, capitalist, and nationalist forces without attention to women’s lives and struggles. - Marlene Schäfers, British Academy Newton International Fellow, University of Cambridge. Women of Kurdistan is simply an excellent template for how to chronicle women’s resistance politics. By framing the Kurdish women’s struggles within a historical materialism under different modes of production and discussing the political influence of five different nations on the Kurdish peoples, the authors offer a rich context that surpasses the common fetishization of women’s armed resistance. Internationally known for their Marxist and feminist works, Mojab and Hassanpour apply theories of nationalism, capitalism, peasantry, knowledge production, and relationship between state and non-state to understand the Kurdish experience, while honouring the struggle, voice, and poetry of Kurdish women activists. The book is as unapologetically critical of regional and religious hegemonies as it is of Kurdish patriarchies and is candid about the slipperiness of the concept of the “ideal Kurdish woman,” while skeptical of the benefits of transnationalization for the women honoured in this book. - Afiya Zia, author of Faith and Feminism: Religious Agency or Secular Autonomy? CONTENTS PART I. THE MAKING OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT KURDISH WOMEN WOMEN OF KURDISTAN PART II. WOMEN OF KURDISTAN: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY GENERAL WORKS ARTS AND CULTURE CUSTOMS AND BELIEFS DISPLACEMENT, REFUGEES, AND MIGRATION EDUCATION ETHNIC FORMATIONS FEMINIST AND WOMEN’S MOVEMENTS GENDER RELATIONS GENOCIDE, GENDERCIDE, WAR CRIMES, AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY GEOGRAPHY HEALTH AND MEDICINE HISTORY LANGUAGE LAW LITERATURE POLITICS RELIGION SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION WAR AND PEACE APPENDIX INDEX
Social Work at the Level of International Comparison by Cinur Ghaderi,Kristin Sonnenberg,Luqman Saleh Karim,Niyan Namiq Sabir,Zhiya Abbas Qader,Lisa Marie Dünnebacke Pdf
The book presents a theoretical and practical approach to international social work. It uses examples from Germany with a long tradition of social work and focuses on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which is in a pioneering phase in teaching social work while at the same time experiencing a highly explosive situation in global politics. Socio-political challenges such as violence, traumatization, (religious) fundamentalism, ethnicization, changing gender relations, flight and migration call for a professional examination of social work as a human rights profession in international comparison.
Gender Equality in Post-War Kurdistan by Cameron Compton Pdf
This book delves into the impact of gender-inclusive policies, or the absence thereof, on development during conflict transformation, with a specific focus on the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Despite the recognized significance of women's presence and gendered policies in peace-building, their integration remains limited, making it challenging to assess their effects. This thesis aims to contribute to this research gap by demonstrating the implications of implementing or neglecting various types of gender-inclusive policies in the unique context of the Kurdistan Region. The Kurdistan Region, having endured decades of armed conflict and currently enjoying autonomy and economic prosperity, presents a distinctive development scenario. The government's focus on reducing conflict potential, achieving international competitiveness, and fostering positive development includes the promotion of gender and women's inclusion in public policies.
In Kurdistan (a land divided among Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and the USSR) as in other traditional societies, politics and war have been exclusively male domains, though in recent decades, the national struggle for establishing a Kurdish state and achieving autonomy has made female participation in political and military action possible.
Honor and the Political Economy of Marriage by Joanne Payton Pdf
"Honor killing, also referred to as 'honor'-based violence, takes great prominence in organizing social life through structures of kinship and marriage as well as influencing legislation that allows the perpetrator to be forgiven by another family member. How can such violence so heavily embedded into Muslim society be removed? Joanne Payton, in 'Honor' and the Political Economy of Marriage, suggests that the crimes must be identified as cultural or else efforts to change the meaning of 'honor' through education and cultural change will fail to address the structural violence embedded within kinship structures. The symbolic meaning of women's and family 'honor' cannot be changed without alterations in the expectations of kinship and gender roles. By using online surveys and questionnaires, Payton was able to elicit clear evidence that 'honor'-based violence shapes the family structure as a place for domestic violence. She suggests for reform on systems of family law and the championing women's bodily sovereignty as means to end honor killing"--
What Kind of Liberation? by Nadje Sadig Al-Ali,Nicola Christine Pratt Pdf
"There is something to learn, literally, on every page here."--Cynthia Enloe, from the foreword "This is a fluent and highly informed account of the women of Iraq during a time of ever increasing political turmoil, economic disaster and foreign invasion. It gives a fascinating insight into the way Iraqi society really works and is far superior in quality to most of what has been written about Iraq in war and peace."--Patrick Cockburn, author of Muqtada: Muqtada al-Sadr, the Shia Revival, and the Struggle for Iraq
