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Lee Tin Sin,Abdul Razak Rahmat,Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman
Author : Lee Tin Sin,Abdul Razak Rahmat,Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman Publisher : William Andrew Page : 351 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 2012-11-21 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9781437744590
Polylactic Acid by Lee Tin Sin,Abdul Razak Rahmat,Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman Pdf
Annotation An essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers that already work with polymers and plastics who wish to convert to a sustainable plastic. It covers the properties, synthesis and polymerisation of PLA and processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer.
Polylactic Acid: A Practical Guide for the Processing, Manufacturing, and Applications of PLA, Second Edition, provides a practical guide for engineers and scientists working in PLA and on the development of emerging new products. The current market situation for PLA and biodegradable polymers is described, along with applications across a range of market sectors. In addition, the mechanical, chemical, thermal, rheology and degradation properties are included. Updates include new chapters covering various processing methods, as well as recycling methods, and additives and processing aids. New applications cover a range of products (including 3D Printing), and an environmental assessment, including regulatory aspects. The book is not only a useful introduction to this topic, but also a practical, readily applicable reference book that will support decision-making in the plastics industry. Presents an essential reference for engineers, scientists and product designers considering switching to a sustainable plastic Covers the properties, synthesis and polymerization of PLA, along with processing techniques involved in fabricating parts from this polymer Includes critical new chapters on processing, additives, recycling and environmental considerations relating to PLA
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Poly(lactic acid) by Maria Laura Di Lorenzo,René Androsch Pdf
The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students
"Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Modification, Processing and Applications" describes the preparation, modification, processing, and the research and applications of biodegradable poly (lactic acid), which belong to the biomedical and environment-friendly materials. Highly illustrated, the book introduces systematically the synthesis, physical and chemical modifications, and the latest developments of research and applications of poly (lactic acid) in biomedical materials. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of materials science and engineering, polymer science and engineering, biomedicine, chemistry, environmental sciences, textile science and engineering, package materials, and so on. Dr. Jie Ren is a professor at the Institute of Nano and Bio-Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
This book describes the synthesis, properties and applications of PLA through fourteen original chapters that will guide the reader through a fascinating journey into the world of PLA, providing interesting insights for those who intend to use this polymer for innovative applications, or simply those who want to learn more about this very important biodegradable and bio-based plastic. PLA biodegradability introduces this polymer in a world of eco-friendly and human-friendly applications in several technological fields. In short, this book will appeal to all the readers who not only want to have a reference book of consolidated notions on PLA, but also, and especially, to those who want to discover new potentials and new application fields of this unique biodegradable polymer.
Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites by Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai,Suchart Siengchin,Nisa V. Salim,Jinu Jacob George,Aishwarya Poulose Pdf
Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites offers a comprehensive account of the methods for the synthesis, characterization, processing, and applications of these advanced materials. This book fills a gap in the literature as the only currently available book on this topic. This book: Describes the procedures for the extraction of cellulose materials from different sources and characterization methods adopted for analyzing their properties Covers properties, processing, and applications of PLA biocomposites made using the extracted cellulose Discusses the effect of reinforcement of cellulose on the biopolymer matrix and the enhancement of biopolymer properties Examines current status, challenges, and future outlook in biocomposite research and applications The book serves as a reference for researchers, scientists, and advanced students in polymer science and engineering and materials science who are interested in cellulose polymer composites and their applications.
Poly(lactic acid) Science and Technology by Alfonso Jiménez,Mercedes Peltzer,Roxana Ruseckaite Pdf
A comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterisation, properties and applications of poly(lactic acid) science and technology covering scientific, ecological, social and economic issues.
Polylactic Acid Production - Cost Analysis - PLA E11A by Intratec Pdf
This report presents a cost analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) production from lactic acid using a melt-phase polymerization process. The process examined is similar to a process developed by Natureworks, in which poly(lactic acid) is produced from a 88 wt% lactic acid solution in water via the ring opening polymerization chemical pathway. In this process lactic acid is first oligomerized and then depolymerized into lactide, a cyclic dimer of lactic acid, which is then polymerized to yield Poly(lactic acid). This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8674056, issued to NatureWorks in 2014 (2) EP Patent 1247808, issued to Cargill in 2003 Keywords: Lactide, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Dow, Biodegradable Polymer
Polylactic Acid Production from Glucose - Cost Analysis - PLA E21A by Intratec Pdf
This report presents a cost analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) production starting from glucose syrup. The first section of the examined processis similar to Cargill process for lactic acid production, while the second section is similar to the NatureWorks process for polymerization of lactic acid. In this process, a 70 wt% glucose-water syrup is used as raw material. Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is realized by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. An 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated and further polymerized to form Polylactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) US Patent 8674056, issued to NatureWorks in 2014 (3) EP Patent 1247808, issued to Cargill in 2003 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate, Lactide, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Dow, Biodegradable Polymer
Polylactic Acid Production from Corn - Cost Analysis - PLA E41A by Intratec Pdf
This report presents a cost analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) production starting from corn The first section of the examined process is similar to Cargill process for lactic acid production, while the second section is similar to the NatureWorks process for polymerization of lactic acid. In this process, shelled corn is passed through a wet milling process to form corn starch, which, in turn, is hydrolyzed to dextrose, the feed for the fermentation process that generates lactic acid . Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is carried out via trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. A L-Lactic Acid solution in water is formed and further polymerized to form Polylactic Acid. The conversion of corn into dextrose forms some residues that are sold as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) US Patent 8674056, issued to NatureWorks in 2014 (3) EP Patent 1247808, issued to Cargill in 2003 Keywords: Corn, Corn Starch, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate, Lactide, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Dow, Biodegradable Polymer
Polylactic Acid Production from Raw Sugar - Cost Analysis - PLA E31B by Intratec Pdf
This report presents a cost analysis of Polylactic Acid (PLA) production starting from raw sugar. The first section of the examined processis similar to Cargill process for lactic acid production, while the second section is similar to the NatureWorks process for polymerization of lactic acid. In this process, raw sugar (sucrose) is diluted and sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose (invert sugars). The invert sugars are then fermented to produce lactic acid. Lactic Acid recovery from the fermentation broth is done by trialkylamine solvent extraction in the presence of carbon dioxide. An 88 wt% Lactic Acid solution in water is generated and further polymerized to form Polylactic Acid. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 6472559, issued to Cargill in 2002 (2) US Patent 8674056, issued to NatureWorks in 2014 (3) EP Patent 1247808, issued to Cargill in 2003 Keywords: Dextrose, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Anaerobic Fermentation, Trialkyl Amine, Sodium Carbonate, Lactide, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Dow, Biodegradable Polymer
Industrial Applications of Poly(lactic acid) by Maria Laura Di Lorenzo,René Androsch Pdf
The series Advances in Polymer Science presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science. It covers all areas of research in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, material science.The thematic volumes are addressed to scientists, whether at universities or in industry, who wish to keep abreast of the important advances in the covered topics.Advances in Polymer Science enjoys a longstanding tradition and good reputation in its community. Each volume is dedicated to a current topic, and each review critically surveys one aspect of that topic, to place it within the context of the volume. The volumes typically summarize the significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years and discuss them critically, presenting selected examples, explaining and illustrating the important principles, and bringing together many important references of primary literature. On that basis, future research directions in the area can be discussed. Advances in Polymer Science volumes thus are important references for every polymer scientist, as well as for other scientists interested in polymer science - as an introduction to a neighboring field, or as a compilation of detailed information for the specialist.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Single contributions can be specially commissioned.Readership: Polymer scientists, or scientists in related fields interested in polymer and biopolymer science, at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Poly(lactic acid) by Rafael A. Auras,Loong-Tak Lim,Susan E. M. Selke,Hideto Tsuji Pdf
This book describes the synthesis, properties, and processing methods of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), an important family of degradable plastics. As the need for environmentally-friendly packaging materials increases, consumers and companies are in search for new materials that are largely produced from renewable resources, and are recyclable. To that end, an overall theme of the book is the biodegradability, recycling, and sustainability benefits of PLA. The chapters, from a base of international expert contributors, describe specific processing methods, spectroscopy techniques for PLA analysis, and and applications in medical items, packaging, and environmental use.
Poly(lactic acid) by Rafael A. Auras,Loong-Tak Lim,Susan E. M. Selke,Hideto Tsuji Pdf
POLY(LACTIC ACID) The second edition of a key reference, fully updated to reflect new research and applications Poly(lactic acid)s – PLAs, biodegradable polymers derived from lactic acid, have become vital components of a sustainable society. Eco-friendly PLA polymers are used in numerous industrial applications ranging from packaging to medical implants and to wastewater treatment. The global PLA market is predicted to expand significantly over the next decade due to increasing demand for compostable and recyclable materials produced from renewable resources. Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, Applications, and End of Life provides comprehensive coverage of the basic chemistry, production, and industrial use of PLA. Contributions from an international panel of experts review specific processing methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in medicine, textiles, packaging, and environmental engineering. Now in its second edition, this fully up-to-date volume features new and revised chapters on 3D printing, the mechanical and chemical recycling of PLA, PLA stereocomplex crystals, PLA composites, the environmental footprint of PLA, and more. Highlights the biodegradability, recycling, and sustainability benefits of PLA Describes processing and conversion technologies for PLA, such as injection molding, extrusion, blending, and thermoforming Covers various aspects of lactic acid/lactide monomers, including physicochemical properties and production Examines different condensation reactions and modification strategies for enhanced polymerization of PLA Discusses the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of PLA Addresses degradation and environmental issues of PLA, including photodegradation, radiolysis, hydrolytic degradation, biodegradation, and life cycle assessment Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, Applications, and End of Life, Second Edition remains essential reading for polymer engineers, materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, industry professionals using PLA, and scientists and advanced student engineers interested in biodegradable plastics.