Poverty And Regional Development In Eastern Europe And Central Asia

Author : William R. Dillinger
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780821371626

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Poverty and Regional Development in Eastern Europe and Central Asia by William R. Dillinger Pdf

"Regional economic development is an interest of policymakers throughout the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. One of its principal aims is to reduce poverty in lagging regions by stimulating local economic growth. However, problems exist with this approach. First, it may miss the target. Although geographical concentrations of poverty exist, poor people also live in regions that are - on average - rich. Second, the sources of the problem may be misdiagnosed. Poverty is not only related to where people are, but to who people are. In ECA, poverty is associated with low levels of education and people who are too young or too old to participate in the labor force. Under these circumstances, efforts to bring higher wage employment opportunities to poor regions may have little immediate benefit for the people who live there. Third, relying on regional economic development to address poverty in lagging regions ignores the potential role of migration. The emigration of labor, rather than the immigration of capital, may be a more effective means of reducing the poverty of individuals in lagging regions, though this is unlikely to eliminate pockets of poverty quickly. Development opportunities may exist in poor regions that markets have overlooked. Interventions must be assessed carefully. Some of the traditional instruments used to stimulate regional economic growth have mixed track records. Comprehensive, custom-tailored approaches appear to be a promising alternative. However, governments should be modest in using regional development as a tool of poverty reduction. Policies aimed at stimulating growth in poor regions should be complemented by more direct anti-poverty measures, including targeted transfers and investments in education, and efforts to remove barriers to emigration."--World Bank website.

Author : Csaba Csáki,Laura Tuck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821348094

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Rural Development Strategy by Csaba Csáki,Laura Tuck Pdf

With the larger role that the agricultural sector plays in the Eastern Europe and Central Asian (ECA) region, emphasis must be placed on the sector's sustained growth and prosperity. The Bank strategy for rural development in the ECA region during the early phase of transition emphasized the reform of agricultural policies and assistance in privatizing, restructuring, and rebuilding agriculture and agro-industrial complexes. In retrospect, it can be seen that the ECA countries concerned made the right choice when they set their objective to transform their socialized agriculture into a private-ownership and market-based system. Given the developments of the past decade, it is clear, however, that the initial expectations for the outcomes of such reforms were overly optimistic. The transition process in agriculture is far more complex than originally envisaged by both the countries themselves and the international community, including the Bank. Increased social problems and alarming growth of poverty have added a new, unexpected, dimension to the transition process. As the analysis indicates, the region's rural economy is still struggling to adjust to new economic realities, and this will require further refinement and adjustment of the Bank's approach as well. This volume, based on an overview of recent regional developments, summarizes the revised World Bank assistance strategy for rural development in the ECA region.

Author : World Bank,World Bank Group
Publisher : World Bank
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821349120

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Обратить реформы на благо всех и каждого : бедность и неравенство в странах Европы и Центральной Азии by World Bank,World Bank Group Pdf

The increase in poverty and inequality in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia over the past decade is as markedly dramatic, as it is unprecedented. Drawing on new household survey data and extensive qualitative studies, this book brings together findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region. Virtually all transition countries experienced a collapse in economic output in the initial years of the transition, but the drop was much sharper and the recovery slower in some parts of the region. This work explores the different responses to this collapse and their implications for poverty and inequality. Incomplete market reforms, high levels of bureaucratic corruption, and the capture of national governments by powerful business elites account for some of the major differences in poverty and inequality outcomes among countries. This book addresses the policy actions needed to reduce poverty and create inclusive societies. First and foremost is fostering institutions at the community, local, and national level that are accountable to and inclusive of all parts of society. These institutions provide the foundation for functioning democratic societies, good governance, and shared economic growth. Economic growth that generates productive work and leads to a rise in real wages is also vital to poverty reduction. Sustaining such growth in turn depends on completing reforms and building open and competitive markets, with adequate safeguards where markets may fail. Inclusive institutions and economic growth will provide the basis for sustained and shared prosperity as long as societies ensure that people have the capabilities they need to participate in the market and put in place mechanisms to help those who may be left behind. This book will be an important tool for researchers and policymakers in the region and worldwide, as well as for general readers interested in the issues facing Eastern Europe and Central Asia."

Author : Mamta Murthi,Ruslan Yemtsov,Edmundo Murrugarra,Nora Dudwick,Ellen Hamilton,Erwin Tiongson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:744949106

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Growth, Poverty and Inequality by Mamta Murthi,Ruslan Yemtsov,Edmundo Murrugarra,Nora Dudwick,Ellen Hamilton,Erwin Tiongson Pdf

" ... A most interesting report. I have read it with considerable interest, and have learned a lot. It tells a clear story, and it contains a lot of interesting material."--Anthony Atkinson, Professor Nuffield CollegeOxford University, United Kingdom "The key conclusion of the report is that rapid economic growth is fundamentally important for job creation and, consequently, reducing poverty."--Ewa Balcerowicz, President of the BoardCenter for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, Poland While the countries of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union have made significant progress in reducing poverty in the past five years, poverty and vulnerability remain significant problems. More than 60 million are poor and more than 150 million are vulnerable. Most of the poor are the working poor. Many others face deprivations in terms of access and quality of public services. Regional inequalities both between and within countries are large. The highest levels of absolute poverty are found in the poor countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, but most of the region's poor and vulnerable are in middle- income countries. Growth, Poverty, and Inequality examines these important issues and recommends that public policies focus on: accelerating shared growth and job creation; improving public service delivery; strengthening social protection; and enhancing the monitoring of progress in poverty reduction. This book will be informative for policy makers and social scientists working in the Region.

Author : Emil Tesliuc,Lucian Pop,Margaret Grosh,Ruslan Yemtsov
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781464802386

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Income Support for the Poorest by Emil Tesliuc,Lucian Pop,Margaret Grosh,Ruslan Yemtsov Pdf

This study reviews the role and workings, with their strengths and weaknesses of last-resort income support (LRIS) programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It draws on a combination of household survey and administrative data for a large group of countries and detailed case studies for a smaller number of countries that span the spectrum of the income range in the region. It thus combines the value of wide, comparable multi-country work with that of in-depth, country-specific probing on key themes. The experiences of LRIS programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have demonstrated the technical feasibility of highly efficient poverty-targeted programs in the region. The detailed case studies suggest how programs can improve their coverage, control error and fraud and be implemented effectively in decentralized settings. This experience is pertinent to other regions as well, adding to the know-how for poverty targeting programs in middle and low income countries. Perhaps especially importantly, the book shows that means testing can be accomplished in settings with sizeable informal sectors and at reasonable administrative costs. The study also suggests that currently the role of last resort income support programs within the overall social protection systems of the region is often too small and that their eligibility thresholds should be revised and indexed, so that the programs continue to serve a meaningful swath of the low income households in each country. Moreover the programs can be used as the nexus to weave together a variety of income supports and services for low income households.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821348086

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Rural, Environment, and Social Development Strategies for the Europe and Central Asia Region by Anonim Pdf

This report proposes a World Bank strategy for assisting the rural, environmental, and social development of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It has been produced for a general audience partly for consultation purposes, and is therefore a work in progress. Each of the three areas of development is examined in separate chapters, and each summarises the World Bank assistance strategy in that area. The conclusion is that the challenge posed by the objectives of this report are far beyond the World Bank's abilities to achieve on its own.

Author : Richard H. Adams
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Economic development
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty by Richard H. Adams Pdf

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821347209

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Making Transition Work for Everyone by World Bank Pdf

Annotation This book brings together the latest findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region.

Author : Marc Suhrcke,Lorenzo Rocco,Martin McKee
Publisher : European Observatory
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Asia, Central
ISBN : 9289072822

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Health by Marc Suhrcke,Lorenzo Rocco,Martin McKee Pdf

This report is the first comprehensive effort to analyse the economic impact of ill health in the CEE-CIS (Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States) Region. This book explores the interdependence of health and economic development, focusing on the Region's significant economic burden of ill health.

Author : Branko Milanovi?
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082133994X

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Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy by Branko Milanovi? Pdf

World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.

Author : Tim Kelly,Aleksandra Liaplina,Shawn W. Tan,Hernan Winkler
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781464810275

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Reaping Digital Dividends by Tim Kelly,Aleksandra Liaplina,Shawn W. Tan,Hernan Winkler Pdf

From East to West, the economies of Europe and Central Asia (ECA) are not taking full advantage of the internet to foster economic growth and job creation. The residents of Central Asia and the South Caucasus pay some of the highest prices in the world for internet connections that are slow and unreliable. In contrast, Europe enjoys some of the world’s fastest and affordable internet services. However, its firms and individuals are not fully exploiting the internet to achieve higher productivity growth as well as more and better jobs. Reaping Digital Dividends investigates the barriers that are holding back the broader adoption of the internet in ECA. The report identifies the main bottlenecks and provides policy recommendations tailored to economies at varying levels of digital development. It concludes that policies to increase internet access are necessary but not sufficient. Policies to foster competition, international trade and skills supply, as well as adapting regulations to the changing business environment and labor markets, will also be necessary. In other words, Reaping Digital Dividends not only requires better connectivity, but also complementary factors that allow governments, firms and individuals to make the most out of it.

Author : John A. Dixon,David P. Gibbon,Aidan Gulliver,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251046271

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Farming Systems and Poverty by John A. Dixon,David P. Gibbon,Aidan Gulliver,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 082137608X

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World Development Report 2009 by World Bank Pdf

Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.

Author : Maurizio Bussolo,Johannes Koettl,Emily Sinnott
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464803536

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Golden Aging by Maurizio Bussolo,Johannes Koettl,Emily Sinnott Pdf

Compared to other regions, Europe and Central Asia are by far the oldest. Moreover, population aging is set to accelerate further over the coming decades as large segments turn old. Additionally, some countries such as Russia and certain Eastern European countries are facing a shrinkage of their population. Against this backdrop, this report investigates what stands in the way of societies reaping the full benefits of increased longevity—that is, longer lives and potentially prolonged payoffs from human capital—and what can help to mitigate the possible negative impacts of a smaller and older workforce. Beginning with a focus on demographic trends, the report puts the rapid decline in fertility and contrasting migration trends in the region in a historical perspective and looks forward to the varying paths that population change may follow in the region. Next, it examines the evidence on the likely impact of demographic change on growth and savings, the labor force, firm and economy-wide innovation, poverty and inequality, and intergenerational solidarity. Finally, the report goes beyond diagnostics and puts an emphasis on what we know regarding successful policy interventions, presenting evidence on what has and has not worked in the past.

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.