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Author : Zygmunt Ziembiński
Publisher : Springer
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401756044
Author : John Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 703 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009-03-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780521899574
A one-stop reference, self-contained, with theoretical topics presented in conjunction with implementations for which code is supplied.
Author : D. S. Gregory
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1881
Category : Logic
ISBN : HARVARD:32044084627264
Author : Dov M. Gabbay,John Woods
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2005-05-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780080460925
The present work is a continuation of the authors' acclaimed multi-volume APractical Logic of Cognitive Systems. After having investigated the notion ofrelevance in their previous volume, Gabbay and Woods now turn to abduction. Inthis highly original approach, abduction is construed as ignorance-preservinginference, in which conjecture plays a pivotal role. Abduction is a response to acognitive target that cannot be hit on the basis of what the agent currently knows.The abducer selects a hypothesis which were it true would enable the reasoner to attain his target. He concludes from this fact that the hypothesis may be conjectured. In allowing conjecture to stand in for the knowledge he fails to have, the abducer reveals himself to be a satisficer, since an abductive solution is not a solution from knowledge. Key to the authors' analysis is the requirement that a conjectured proposition is not just what a reasoner might allow himself to assume, but a proposition he must defeasibly release as a premiss for further inferences in the domain of enquiry in which the original abduction problem has arisen. The coverage of the book is extensive, from the philosophy of science tocomputer science and AI, from diagnostics to the law, from historical explanation to linguistic interpretation. One of the volume's strongest contributions is its exploration of the abductive character of criminal trials, with special attention given to the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Underlying their analysis of abductive reasoning is the authors' conception ofpractical agency. In this approach, practical agency is dominantly a matter of thecomparative modesty of an agent's cognitive agendas, together with comparatively scant resources available for their advancement. Seen in these ways, abduction has a significantly practical character, precisely because it is a form of inference that satisfices rather than maximizes its response to the agent's cognitive target. The Reach of Abduction will be necessary reading for researchers, graduatestudents and senior undergraduates in logic, computer science, AI, belief dynamics, argumentation theory, cognitive psychology and neuroscience, linguistics, forensic science, legal reasoning and related areas. Key features: - Reach of Abduction is fully integrated with a background logic of cognitive systems.- The most extensive coverage compared to competitive works.- Demonstrates not only that abduction is a form of ignorance preservinginference but that it is a mode of inference that is wholly rational.- Demonstrates the satisficing rather than maximizing character ofabduction.- The development of formal models of abduction is considerably more extensive than one finds in existing literature. It is an especially impressive amalgam of sophisticatedconceptual analysis and extensive logical modelling. · Reach of Abduction is fully integrated with a background logic of cognitive systems.· The most extensive coverage compared to competitive works· Demonstrates not only that abduction is a form of ignorance preservinginference but that it is a mode of inference that is wholly rational.· Demonstrates the satisficing rather than maximizing character ofabduction.· The development of formal models of abduction is considerably more extensive than one finds in existing literature. It is an especially impressive amalgam of sophisticatedconceptual analysis and extensive logical modelling.
Author : L. Susan Stebbing
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000737158
Originally published in 1934. This fourth edition originally published 1954., revised by C. W. K. Mundle. "It must be the desire of every reasonable person to know how to justify a contention which is of sufficient importance to be seriously questioned. The explicit formulation of the principles of sound reasoning is the concern of Logic". This book discusses the habit of sound reasoning which is acquired by consciously attending to the logical principles of sound reasoning, in order to apply them to test the soundness of arguments. It isn’t an introduction to logic but it encourages the practice of logic, of deciding whether reasons in argument are sound or unsound. Stress is laid upon the importance of considering language, which is a key instrument of our thinking and is imperfect.
Author : Vincent E. Barry
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0030124263
Author : Shadworth Hollway Hodgson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1870
Category : Character
ISBN : UOM:39015055291739
Author : Patrick Blackburn,Johan F.A.K. van Benthem,Frank Wolter
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1260 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-11-03
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0080466664
The Handbook of Modal Logic contains 20 articles, which collectively introduce contemporary modal logic, survey current research, and indicate the way in which the field is developing. The articles survey the field from a wide variety of perspectives: the underling theory is explored in depth, modern computational approaches are treated, and six major applications areas of modal logic (in Mathematics, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Game Theory, and Philosophy) are surveyed. The book contains both well-written expository articles, suitable for beginners approaching the subject for the first time, and advanced articles, which will help those already familiar with the field to deepen their expertise. Please visit: http://people.uleth.ca/~woods/RedSeriesPromo_WP/PubSLPR.html - Compact modal logic reference - Computational approaches fully discussed - Contemporary applications of modal logic covered in depth
Author : Monroe C. Beardsley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1964
Category : Logic
ISBN : OCLC:475093752
Author : Therese Budniakiewicz
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 1556193394
This book may be viewed not only as n post-Proppian, post-Greimassian reconstruction and theoretical advance but also as a neo-Proppian, neo-Greimassian remodelling of story logic leading to an integrated descriptive model which focuses, by design, on narrative semiotics as a branch of descriptive poetics. The investigation and the revision of the actantial model and the narrative schema are made concrete through multiple small narratives from literary fiction, specifically Nathanael West's Miss Lonelyhearts, a parable of Pascal, and a historical chronicle. The modifications which Therese Budniakiewicz proposes are turned, as it were, backward towards a theoretical foundation that is both re-found and re-founded, and what emerges is a methodology of textual analysis the scope of which extends to include hermeneutics and interpretation. At the same time, through the analysis the author makes of the 'contractual and communication events' and the central position she gives to the Sender and Receiver, the book is led to place emphasis on the social and interactional nature of discourse and, thereby, integrating the basics of narrative within the framework of law and society and justice. By putting the theory in perspective while carefully analyzing its premises and by consolidating a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary concepts crucial to narrative, Fundamentals of Story Logic will be welcomed by all students of fiction, narratology, and the classical Greimas.
Author : Luis Argüelles Mendez
Publisher : Springer
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319231860
This book makes use of the LISP programming language to provide readers with the necessary background to understand and use fuzzy logic to solve simple to medium-complexity real-world problems. It introduces the basics of LISP required to use a Fuzzy LISP programming toolbox, which was specifically implemented by the author to “teach” the theory behind fuzzy logic and at the same time equip readers to use their newly-acquired knowledge to build fuzzy models of increasing complexity. The book fills an important gap in the literature, providing readers with a practice-oriented reference guide to fuzzy logic that offers more complexity than popular books yet is more accessible than other mathematical treatises on the topic. As such, students in first-year university courses with a basic tertiary mathematical background and no previous experience with programming should be able to easily follow the content. The book is intended for students and professionals in the fields of computer science and engineering, as well as disciplines including astronomy, biology, medicine and earth sciences. Software developers may also benefit from this book, which is intended as both an introductory textbook and self-study reference guide to fuzzy logic and its applications. The complete set of functions that make up the Fuzzy LISP programming toolbox can be downloaded from a companion book’s website.
Author : Michael Fisher
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1119991463
The name "temporal logic" may sound complex and daunting; but while they describe potentially complex scenarios, temporal logics are often based on a few simple, and fundamental, concepts - highlighted in this book. An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic provides an introduction to formal methods based on temporal logic, for developing and testing complex computational systems. These methods are supported by many well-developed tools, techniques and results that can be applied to a wide range of systems. Fisher begins with a full introduction to the subject, covering the basics of temporal logic and using a variety of examples, exercises and pointers to more advanced work to help clarify and illustrate the topics discussed. He goes on to describe how this logic can be used to specify a variety of computational systems, looking at issues of linking specifications, concurrency, communication and composition ability. He then analyses temporal specification techniques such as deductive verification, algorithmic verification, and direct execution to develop and verify computational systems. The final chapter on case studies analyses the potential problems that can occur in a range of engineering applications in the areas of robotics, railway signalling, hardware design, ubiquitous computing, intelligent agents, and information security, and explains how temporal logic can improve their accuracy and reliability. Models temporal notions and uses them to analyze computational systems Provides a broad approach to temporal logic across many formal methods - including specification, verification and implementation Introduces and explains freely available tools based on temporal logics and shows how these can be applied Presents exercises and pointers to further study in each chapter, as well as an accompanying website providing links to additional systems based upon temporal logic as well as additional material related to the book.
Author : R.H. Johnson,H.J. Ohlbach,Dov M. Gabbay,John Woods
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2002-09-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080532912
The Handbook of the Logic of Argument and Inference is an authoritative reference work in a single volume, designed for the attention of senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in all the leading research areas concerned with the logic of practical argument and inference. After an introductory chapter, the role of standard logics is surveyed in two chapters. These chapters can serve as a mini-course for interested readers, in deductive and inductive logic, or as a refresher. Then follow two chapters of criticism; one the internal critique and the other the empirical critique. The first deals with objections to standard logics (as theories of argument and inference) arising from the research programme in philosophical logic. The second canvasses criticisms arising from work in cognitive and experimental psychology. The next five chapters deal with developments in dialogue logic, interrogative logic, informal logic, probability logic and artificial intelligence. The last chapter surveys formal approaches to practical reasoning and anticipates possible future developments. Taken as a whole the Handbook is a single-volume indication of the present state of the logic of argument and inference at its conceptual and theoretical best. Future editions will periodically incorporate significant new developments.
Author : Pierre Bourdieu
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0804720118
Our usual representations of the opposition between the "civilized" and the "primitive" derive from willfully ignoring the relationship of distance our social science sets up between the observer and the observed. In fact, the author argues, the relationship between the anthropologist and his object of study is a particular instance of the relationship between knowing and doing, interpreting and using, symbolic mastery and practical masteryor between logical logic, armed with all the accumulated instruments of objectification, and the universally pre-logical logic of practice. In this, his fullest statement of a theory of practice, Bourdieu both sets out what might be involved in incorporating one's own standpoint into an investigation and develops his understanding of the powers inherent in the second member of many oppositional pairsthat is, he explicates how the practical concerns of daily life condition the transmission and functioning of social or cultural forms. The first part of the book, "Critique of Theoretical Reason," covers more general questions, such as the objectivization of the generic relationship between social scientific observers and their objects of study, the need to overcome the gulf between subjectivism and objectivism, the interplay between structure and practice (a phenomenon Bourdieu describes via his concept of the habitus), the place of the body, the manipulation of time, varieties of symbolic capital, and modes of domination. The second part of the book, "Practical Logics," develops detailed case studies based on Bourdieu's ethnographic fieldwork in Algeria. These examples touch on kinship patterns, the social construction of domestic space, social categories of perception and classification, and ritualized actions and exchanges. This book develops in full detail the theoretical positions sketched in Bourdieu's Outline of a Theory of Practice. It will be especially useful to readers seeking to grasp the subtle concepts central to Bourdieu's theory, to theorists interested in his points of departure from structuralism (especially fom Lévi-Strauss), and to critics eager to understand what role his theory gives to human agency. It also reveals Bourdieu to be an anthropological theorist of considerable originality and power.
Author : Daniel Seely Gregory
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1881
Category : Logic
ISBN : UOM:39015063524212
