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Author : Theodore B. Fernald
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Grammar, Comparative and general
ISBN : 0197722245
Author : Theodore B. Fernald
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2000-02-10
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195354218
A distinction is made in formal semantics between "stage-level predicates," predicates that describe the general state of a noun, and "individual-level predicates," predicates that specify the specific properties of a noun. Fernald investigates various contexts in which this distinction is traditionally said to come into play. His aim is to show that the effects displayed are not uniform, and that the differences between the analyses proposed in the literature arise from the authors considering different subsets of data that they take to exemplyify the "core" meaning of the stage/individual distinction. Fernald presents alternatives and extensions that shed light on the limitations of previous theories, as well as making original observations about important aspects of the topic, including coercion, and perceptual reports vs. other phenomena.
Author : Anna Fensel,Ana Ozaki,Dumitru Roman,Ahmet Soylu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031450723
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning, RuleML+RR 2023, held in Oslo, Norway, during September 18–20, 2023. The 13 full papers and 3 short papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. They focus on all aspects of theoretical advances; novel technologies; innovative applications; knowledge representation; reasoning with rules; and research, development, applications of rule-based systems.
Author : Klaus Robering
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-03-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027270627
The verb has often been considered the 'center' of the sentence and has hence always attracted the special attention of the linguist. The present volume collects novel approaches to two classical topics within verbal semantics, namely argument structure and the treatment of time and aspect. The linguistic material covered comes from a broad spectrum of languages including English, German, Danish, Ukrainian, and Australian aboriginal languages; and methods from both cognitive and formal semantics are applied in the analyses presented here. Some of the authors use a variety of event semantics in order to analyze argument structure and aspect whereas others employ ideas coming from object-oriented programming in order to achieve new insights into the way how verbs select their arguments and how events are classified into different types. Both kinds of methods are also used to give accounts of dynamical aspects of semantic interpretation such as coercion and type shifting.
Author : Oliviero Stock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1998-09-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0792347161
Qualitative reasoning about space and time - a reasoning at the human level - promises to become a fundamental aspect of future systems that will accompany us in daily activity. The aim of Spatial and Temporal Reasoning is to give a picture of current research in this area focusing on both representational and computational issues. The picture emphasizes some major lines of development in this multifaceted, constantly growing area. The material in the book also shows some common ground and a novel combination of spatial and temporal aspects of qualitative reasoning. Part I presents the overall scene. The chapter by Laure Vieu is on the state of the art in spatial representation and reasoning, and that by Alfonso Gerevini gives a similar survey on research in temporal reasoning. The specific contributions to these areas are then grouped in the two main parts. In Part II, Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi examine the ontological status of spatial entities; Anthony Cohn, Brandon Bennett, John Gooday, and Nicholas Gotts present a detailed theory of reasoning with qualitative relations about regions; Andrew Frank discusses the spatial needs of geographical information systems; and Annette Herskovits focuses on the linguistic expression of spatial relations. In Part III, James Allen and George Ferguson describe an interval temporal logic for the representation of actions and events; Drew McDermott presents an efficient way of predicting the outcome of plan execution; and Erik Sandewall introduces a semantics based on transitions for assessing theories of action and change. In Part IV, Antony Galton's chapter stands clearly between the two areas of space and time and outlines the main coordinates of an integrated approach.
Author : Renate Musan
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000525151
First published in 1997, this thesis is about the temporal interpretation of noun phrases. Although the temporal interpretation of verbs is by no means a settled issue today, all of us have at least a vague idea of how it works: sentences contain verbs and tenses and sometimes temporal adverbials, and in some way or other the tense of a clause tells us roughly whether the state of affairs denoted by the main predicate of the clause—or at least a crucial part of it—is located at a past, present, or future time.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 3525 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : B. Bennett,C. Fellbaum
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2006-10-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781607502111
Researchers in areas such as artificial intelligence, formal and computational linguistics, biomedical informatics, conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering and information retrieval have come to realise that a solid foundation for their research calls for serious work in ontology, understood as a general theory of the types of entities and relations that make up their respective domains of inquiry. In all these areas, attention is now being focused on the content of information rather than on just the formats and languages used to represent information. The clearest example of this development is provided by the many initiatives growing up around the project of the Semantic Web. And, as the need for integrating research in these different fields arises, so does the realisation that strong principles for building well-founded ontologies might provide significant advantages over ad hoc, case-based solutions. The tools of formal ontology address precisely these needs, but a real effort is required in order to apply such philosophical tools to the domain of information systems. Reciprocally, research in the information sciences raises specific ontological questions which call for further philosophical investigations. The purpose of FOIS is to provide a forum for genuine interdisciplinary exchange in the spirit of a unified effort towards solving the problems of ontology, with an eye to both theoretical issues and concrete applications. This book contains a wide range of areas, all of which are important to the development of formal ontologies.
Author : J. Rooryck,Laurie Zaring
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Computers
ISBN : 079233745X
The relation between phrase structure and the lexicon has always been an area of prime concern in syntactic theory, but never more so than in the recently developed minimalist framework, where the lexicon is largely reduced to configurational and computational properties of the grammar. Taking this perspective as their point of departure, the authors of this volume address issues including the mapping between thematic information and phrase structure, the way in which the configurational character of functional categories determines interpretation in a theory of phrase structure, and methodological discussions about core assumptions of phrase structure itself. Some of the essential themes that emerge are that projection and interpretation go hand in hand (a successful projection in an interpretable one), and that, to a large extent, phrase structure itself encodes lexical information and determines interpretation in the thematic domain. Audience: Theoreticians in syntax, semantics and language acquisition, and in related fields.
Author : Manolis Koubarakis,Giorgos Stamou,Giorgos Stoilos,Ian Horrocks,Phokion Kolaitis,Georg Lausen,Gerhard Weikum
Publisher : Springer
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-09-03
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319105871
This volume contains the lecture notes of the 10th Reasoning Web Summer School 2014, held in Athens, Greece, in September 2014. In 2014, the lecture program of the Reasoning Web introduces students to recent advances in big data aspects of semantic web and linked data, and the fundamentals of reasoning techniques that can be used to tackle big data applications.
Author : María J. Arche
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027293343
This monograph investigates the temporal properties of those predicates referring to individuals – the so-called individual-level (IL) predicates – in contrast to those known as stage-level (SL) predicates. Many of the traditional tenets attributed to the IL/SL dichotomy are not solidly founded, this book claims, as it examines current theoretical issues concerning the syntax/semantics interface such as the relation between semantic properties of predicates and their syntactic structure. By using the contrast found in Spanish copular clauses (ser vs. estar), Individuals in Time shows that the conception of IL predicates as permanent and stative cannot be maintained. The existence of nonstative IL predicates is demonstrated through analyzing the correlation between the syntactic presence of certain projections (specifically, prepositional complements) and process-like aspect properties. This detailed examination of IL predicates in the domains of inner aspect, outer aspect, and tense will be welcomed by scholars and students with an interest in event structure, tense, and aspect.
Author : Jack Minker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461515678
The use of mathematical logic as a formalism for artificial intelligence was recognized by John McCarthy in 1959 in his paper on Programs with Common Sense. In a series of papers in the 1960's he expanded upon these ideas and continues to do so to this date. It is now 41 years since the idea of using a formal mechanism for AI arose. It is therefore appropriate to consider some of the research, applications and implementations that have resulted from this idea. In early 1995 John McCarthy suggested to me that we have a workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence (LBAI). In June 1999, the Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence was held as a consequence of McCarthy's suggestion. The workshop came about with the support of Ephraim Glinert of the National Science Foundation (IIS-9S2013S), the American Association for Artificial Intelligence who provided support for graduate students to attend, and Joseph JaJa, Director of the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies who provided both manpower and financial support, and the Department of Computer Science. We are grateful for their support. This book consists of refereed papers based on presentations made at the Workshop. Not all of the Workshop participants were able to contribute papers for the book. The common theme of papers at the workshop and in this book is the use of logic as a formalism to solve problems in AI.
Author : María Cristina Cuervo,Yves Roberge
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781780523774
Includes papers that explore the issues and re-assess generally accepted premises on the relationship between lexical meaning and the morphosyntax of sentences by confronting two competing approaches to this issue.
Author : Jean-Marc Authier,Barbara E. Bullock,Lisa A. Reed
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1999-07-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027284600
This volume presents current research in the formal treatment of linguistic phenomena in the Romance languages. It focuses on a variety of issues in phonology, second language acquisition, semantics, and syntax. Topics in phonological theory include the analysis of geminates, assimilation, rhotics, aspiration, syllabification, the interaction of phonology with morphology, the phonology-phonetics interface, and issues of transderivation and allomorphy selection. The primary question addressed in the area of second language acquisition theory is the issue of learners' access to Universal Grammar. The studies in semantic theory examine the proper analysis of indefinites, bare plurals, and specificity, with a particular emphasis on the syntax-semantics interface. Finally, the essays on syntactic theory discuss issues pertaining to argument structure, functional projections, phrase structure and adjunction, feature checking, and the syntactic representation of tense.
Author : Claudio Bettini,Angelo Montanari
Publisher : Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE)
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0769511074
Three invited, 17 regular, and 13 short papers reveal how current debates and time and temporal reasoning are playing out in computer science and artificial intelligence circles. The invited papers, introducing the three sessions, cover cellular ontology as a basis for spatiotemporal reasoning, recent achievements and opportunities in spatiotemporal databases, and representing periodic temporal information with automata. Other topics include the event calculus assessed, discovering calendar-based temporal association rules, and checking linear temporal formulas on sequential recursive Petri nets. There is no subject index. c. Book News Inc.