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Author : Graeme S. Dorrance,Berhanu Woldekidan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : UCSD:31822006414791
Author : Cathy L. Jabara
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UCR:31210023468489
Author : Roman Grynberg,Samantha Newton
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191528569
More than 50 developing countries depend on three or fewer commodities for more than half of their exports and, in fact, many rely on a single commodity for a large share of export earnings. This reliance inevitability exposes countries to the risk of export earnings instability as a result of price shocks and, perhaps even more significantly, the falling purchasing power of exports over the long run due to declining real prices. Presenting for the first time a complete analysis of the issues surrounding commodity prices and development, this book is the culmination of three years of research commissioned by the Commonwealth Secretariat to look at various aspects of commodity prices. The problems faced by commodity dependent developing countries are formidable. Although diversification is the most appropriate response to the problem of the secular decline in commodity prices, long-term transformation in the economy can be a slow process and its success will depend on a host of factors such as the development of human resources, institutional capacity building, poverty alleviation, and appropriate domestic policy and environment. By granting increased aid flows and debt relief, and providing assistance to encourage production of non-traditional export items, the international community can play a proactive role in the development of the commodity dependent poor countries. Only concerted efforts both at the domestic fronts of these countries and via co-operation extended by the international community can help mitigate the problems of the world's most vulnerable economies.
Author : Pasquale L. Scandizzo,Dimitris Diakosavvas
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9251025312
Author : Hans Wolfgang Singer,Neelambar Hatti,Rameshwar Tandon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Commercial policy
ISBN : UOM:39015014506599
Contributed articles.
Author : Yılmaz Akyüz,Yilmaz Akyuz
Publisher : Zed Books
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2003-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1842774115
Increased participation in world trade is conventionally seen as the key to economic growth and development. Yet, as this book shows through its detailed examination of world trade patterns over the last 20 years, while developing country exports have grown faster than the world average, the rich countries have meanwhile increased their share in world manufacturing valued added. This poses the vitally important policy challenge of what poor countries, confronted by the vigorous expansion of their foreign trade but no comparable rise in income, should do. Primary commodity prices have collapsed in value, and there is a real danger that the terms of trade for their exports of manufactured goods may do the same. The key challenge confronting poor countries today is not more trade liberalization on their part, but how to improve the terms of their participation in world trade and to increase the still limited and unstable benefits they derive from it.
Author : Bertrand Gruss,Suhaib Kebhaj
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484393857
This paper presents a comprehensive database of country-specific commodity price indices for 182 economies covering the period 1962-2018. For each country, the change in the international price of up to 45 individual commodities is weighted using commodity-level trade data. The database includes a commodity terms-of-trade index—which proxies the windfall gains and losses of income associated with changes in world prices—as well as additional country-specific series, including commodity export and import price indices. We provide indices that are constructed using, alternatively, fixed weights (based on average trade flows over several decades) and time-varying weights (which can account for time variation in the mix of commodities traded and the overall importance of commodities in economic activity). The paper also discusses the dynamics of commodity terms of trade across country groups and their influence on key macroeconomic aggregates.
Author : Alasdair I. MacBean,D. T. T. Nguyen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2024-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781003846895
Originally published in 1987, this book discusses the key issues concerned with primary commodity trade worldwide. Primary commodities are crucially important for many developing countries because very often exports in just one or two primary commodities form the sole source of income for a developing country. Developing countries need above all stability in primary commodities trade to guarantee their future development. This book examines patterns of trade, changing demand and the effects of fluctuations in spot and futures markets. It analyses theories put forward to explain the problems and it reviews the research of the many international organisations which are concerned with the problems. It examines the international agreements and bodies which have been set up to stabilise trade and assesses the performance of these agreements and organisations.
Author : Stephan Pfaffenzeller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317745365
Our post-industrialised global economy has achieved spectacular success and pushed back poverty to an extent previously thought impossible. This success is ultimately based on the continued supply of both renewable and non-renewable resources. Will this supply of primary commodities remain sufficient to support global economic growth? Why are the gains for countries specialising on commodity production often so limited? Can commodity dependent countries diversify into other economic activities? Primary Commodities and Economic Development addresses the changing position of primary commodities in the world economy and investigates their importance for commodity exporting under-developed countries. The book commences with a review of the theoretical foundations for inter-dependence between commodity specialisation and economic underdevelopment. Having related the role of commodity exports and the commodity terms of trade to growth models relevant to developing economies, the discussion shifts to an in-depth review of the statistical properties of the commodity terms of trade. The review of commodity price trends at the global level is then rounded off with a series of country case studies showing the concrete threats and opportunities surrounding commodity specialization. This book will be of essential reading for those with an interest in development economics and international economics, as well as for scholars of natural resource and agricultural economics.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451873528
We compile a historical dataset covering nearly 40 years of booms and busts in the commodity terms of trade of over 150 countries. We discuss the characteristics of these events and their effects on macroeconomic performance and, in particular, compare the most recent commodity-price cycle with its historical precedents.
Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Commerce
ISBN : UOM:39015026810039
Author : Takamasa Akiyama
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Africa, Sub-Saharan
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Policies designed to address the regional adding- up problem in Sub-Saharan Africa -- such as a region- optimal export tax -- generate unequal benefits among countries. Further, few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have sufficient market power to influence commodity prices in the long run. Export taxes may prove beneficial for some countries but, at certain levels, transfer resources from smallholders to government with limited welfare gains.
Author : W. Driehuis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Commercial products
ISBN : UVA:X030228900
Author : Mr.James M. Boughton
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1991-05-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451972856
The low level of primary commodity prices since 1985 is examined in the context of the behavior of those prices relative to prices of manufactured goods since 1854. The Prebisch-Singer hypothesis of a secular decline in relative commodity prices is sustained, but the recent decline is shown to be well outside the realm of historical experience. Commodity and manufactures prices are found to be cointegrated, conditional on the negative trend and a number of unexplained short-term swings. The earlier finding of a Gibson paradox is explained in terms of the difference between short- and long-run relationships.
Author : Mr.Peter Wickham,Ms.Carmen Reinhart
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451842371
Primary commodities still account for the bulk of exports in many developing countries. However, real commodity prices have been declining almost continuously since the early 1980s and there is evidence of renewed weakness. The appropriate policy response to a terms of trade shock depends importantly on whether the shock is perceived to be temporary or permanent. Our results indicate that the recent weakness in commodity prices is mostly of a secular nature, stressing the need for commodity exporting countries to concentrate on export diversification and other structural policies. There is, however, scope for stabilization funds and the use of hedging strategies since the evidence also suggests commodity prices have become more volatile.
