Prioritizing Agricultural Research For Development
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Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development by David A. Raitzer,George W. Norton Pdf
Priority assessment for commodity improvement programmes has received methodological attention, yet innovation is needed for other, newer areas of research which have impact pathways that are harder to predict. Focusing on priority setting practices utilized in different international agricultural research institutes, this book discusses real world experiences and innovations with priority assessment methods. Chapters present approaches that have been used to articulate, explore and assess impact pathways and research priorities, while also considering their strengths and weaknesses and drawing together methodological lessons.
Julian M. Alston,George W. Norton,Philip G. Pardey
Author : Julian M. Alston,George W. Norton,Philip G. Pardey Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 628 pages File Size : 46,6 Mb Release : 1998 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : UVA:X004302541
Science Under Scarcity by Julian M. Alston,George W. Norton,Philip G. Pardey Pdf
Resources for agricultural science are scarce across the world. Yet even as resources are shrinking, agricultural science has expanded its inquiry into many new areas - such as environmental preservation, food quality, and rural development - without forsaking its more traditional concerns. In a time of tight government budgets, research administrators are faced with the need to provide strong evidence that costs are justified by benefits. Science under Scarcity is an invaluable guide to the theory and methods necessary for evaluating research in agriculture and for setting priorities for resource allocation. Although economists have made significant progress in developing more sophisticated methods for research evaluation and priority setting, many research analysts and administrators do not have a working knowledge of those practices. Without the assistance of formal economic analysis it is particularly difficult to assess the social value of new technologies or to make informed judgements about the trade-offs that are involved in allocation decisions. Addressing that knowledge gap, this book reviews, synthesizes, and extends such methods as economic surplus analysis, econometric techniques, mathematical programming procedures, and scoring models. It discusses these practices in the context of scientific policy, describes their conceptual foundations, and explains how to do them. Originally published in 1995 in hardcover by Cornell University Press, it is now reissued in paperback by CAB INTERNATIONAL.
Setting Research Priorities by J. Douwe Meindertsma Pdf
Issues and approaches. Setting research priorities in FSR & D programmes. The research-research interface. Priority setting tools for research groups. Farmer participation in priority setting. Linking research to technology dissemination. Policymakers, planners and donors in FSR priority setting. From diagnosis to priority research themes: Indonesia. From theme to on-farm experimentation: lake zone, Tanzania. Making research plans: DRSPH, Mali. Planing research in an interdisciplinary team: ARPT Westem Province Zambia. Farmer participation in priority setting: RAMR, Benin. Research demands of an extension programme for women: PROFED, Mali. Reinforcing interaction between research and development: PLAE, Mali. Setting priorities for regional research PRIAG, Central America. Getting results: an overview and future agenda.
Agricultural Research Priority Setting by Bradford Mills Pdf
The role OF and levels for agricultural research priority setting; Research objectives and priority-setting criteria; Spatial targeting of program research; Translating farmer constraints into research themes; Methods for prioritizing research options; Data requirements for agricultural research priority setting; Information and human resource investments for research priority setting; Technology, location, and trade: Kenyan vegetables; Beyond economic benefits: sorghum in Kenya; Priority setting in a production-factor research program.
Prioritizing agricultural investments across commodities for income growth and poverty reduction: Methods and applications by Minot, Nicholas,Martin, Will Pdf
Some agricultural investments are commodity-specific, meaning that they increase the productivity of production, processing, or marketing of a single agricultural commodity or a set of closely-related commodities. Examples include investment in cassava breeding, expanding cotton ginning capacity, irrigation for rice production, expansion of cold storage capacity for horticultural exports, or road investment to a region whose main product is maize. Traditional cost-benefit analysis estimates the effect of in-vestments on net income assuming that the investment is not large enough to influence market prices. However, a different approach is needed when the investment affects market prices and/or there is an interest in other outcomes such as poverty reduction. This report describes an approach to estimating the impact of commodity-specific agricultural investments on income, poverty, and other measures of welfare. This approach can be extended to identify the optimal allocation of an investment budget across commodities subject to a given objective function. For example, it could be used to allocate agricultural research funds across commodities to maximize income, poverty reduction, or a weighted average of the two.
Agricultural research in Southeast Asia: A cross-country analysis of resource allocation, performance, and impact on productivity by Stads, Gert-Jan,Nin-Pratt, Alejandro,Omot, Norah,Thi Pham, Nguyen Pdf
Southeast Asia made considerable progress in building and strengthening its agricultural R&D capacity during 2000–2017. All of the region’s countries reported higher numbers of agricultural researchers, improvements in their average qualification levels, and higher shares of women participating in agricultural R&D. In contrast, regional agricultural research spending remained stagnant, despite considerable growth in agricultural output over time. As a result, Southeast Asia’s agricultural research intensity—that is, agricultural research spending as a share of agricultural GDP—steadily declined from 0.50 percent in 2000 to just 0.33 percent in 2017. Although the extent of underinvestment in agricultural research differs across countries, all Southeast Asian countries invested below the levels deemed attainable based on the analysis summarized in this report. The region will need to increase its agricultural research investment substantially in order to address future agricultural production challenges more effectively and ensure productivity growth. Southeast Asia’s least developed agricultural research systems (Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar) are characterized by low scientific output and researcher productivity as a direct consequence of severe underfunding and lack of sufficient well-qualified research staff. While Malaysia and Thailand have significantly more developed agricultural research systems, they still report key inefficiencies and resource constraints that require attention. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam occupy intermediate positions between these two groups of high- and low-performing agricultural research systems. Growing national economies, higher disposable incomes, and changing consumption patterns will prompt considerable shifts in levels of agricultural production, consumption, imports, and exports across Southeast Asia over the next 20 to 30 years. The resource-allocation decisions that governments make today will affect agricultural productivity for decades to come. Governments therefore need to ensure the research they undertake is responsive to future challenges and opportunities, and aligned with strategic development and agricultural sector plans. ASTI’s projections reveal that prioritizing investment in staple crops will still trigger fastest agricultural productivity growth in Laos. However, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam could achieve faster growth over the next 30 years by prioritizing investment in research focused on fruit, vegetables, livestock, and aquaculture. In Cambodia, Myanmar, and Thailand, the choice between focusing on staple crops versus high-value commodities was less pronounced, but projections did indicate that prioritizing investments in oil crop research would trigger significantly lower growth in agricultural productivity.
Re-establishing Agriculture as a Priority for Development Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa by Awudu Abdulai,Christopher L. Delgado Pdf
Prerequisites and priorities for sustainable economic development. The impact of changing export sector incomes on local rurl economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Macroeconomic policies and the contribution of agriculture to regional economic development. The Uruguay round agreement on agriculture and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Engendering Agricultural Research, Development and Extension by Ruth Meinzen-Dick,Agnes Quisumbing,Julia Behrman,Patricia Biermayr-Jenzano,Vicki Wilde,Marco Noordeloos,Catherine Ragasa,Nienke Beintema Pdf
Prioritizing development policy research in Egypt by Abdelaziz, Fatma,Al-Riffai, Perrihan,Breisinger, Clemens,Ecker, Olivier,Dorosh, Paul A.,El-Didi, Hagar,El-Enbaby, Hoda,Figueroa, Jose Luis,Kenawy, Laila,Leroy, Jef L.,Minot, Nicholas,Spielman, David J.,Trinh Tan, Jean-François,Zhang, Xiaobo Pdf
This paper presents an innovative approach to prioritizing development policy research in Egypt with the specific objective of informing the research agenda of the Egypt Strategy Support Program of the International Food Policy Research Institute. The key steps in this process were: 1) a review of relevant priority setting methods and existing government strategies, 2) pre-selection of research themes, 3) selection of national and international experts, 4) design and conduct priority setting workshop; and 5) priority matrix construction and paper writing.
Author : The World Bank Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 685 pages File Size : 47,8 Mb Release : 2012-02-21 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9780821389447
Agricultural Innovation Systems by The World Bank Pdf
Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
