Privatization In Competitive Sectors

Author : Sunita Kikeri
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704356

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Privatization in Competitive Sectors by Sunita Kikeri Pdf

The paper reviews recent evidence on the impact of privatization. It focuses on traditional privatization efforts involving firms in competitive markets. It shows that privatization improves firms' financial and operating performance, yields positive fiscal and macroeconomic benefits (proceeds are saved rather than spent, transfers decline, and governments start collecting taxes from privatized firms), and improves overall welfare. The popular view that privatization always leads to layoffs is unfounded. While highly protected firms have seen significant declines in net employment, competitive firms generally experienced slight declines if any. Privatization's effects on wealth and income distribution have only recently been receiving the attention of analysts, and research is just getting underway.The paper highlights the conditions for successful privatization: strong political commitment combined with wider public understanding of and support for the process; creation of competitive markets through removal of entry and exit barriers, financial sector reforms that create commercially oriented banking systems, effective regulatory frameworks that reinforce the benefits of private ownership; transparency in the privatization process; and measures to mitigate adverse social and environmental effects.This paper - a product of the Private Provision of Public Services Division, Private Sector Advisory Services Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze and disseminate recent findings in private sector development. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].

Author : Sunita Kikeri,John R. Nellis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Privatizacion
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Privatization in Competitive Sectors by Sunita Kikeri,John R. Nellis Pdf

Author : Sunita Kikeri,John Nellis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:931678136

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Privatization in Competitive Sectors by Sunita Kikeri,John Nellis Pdf

The paper reviews recent evidence on the impact of privatization. It focuses on traditional privatization efforts involving firms in competitive markets. It shows that privatization improves firms' financial and operating performance, yields positive fiscal and macroeconomic benefits (proceeds are saved rather than spent, transfers decline, and governments start collecting taxes from privatized firms), and improves overall welfare. The popular view that privatization always leads to layoffs is unfounded. While highly protected firms have seen significant declines in net employment, competitive firms generally experienced slight declines if any. Privatization's effects on wealth and income distribution have only recently been receiving the attention of analysts, and research is just getting underway. The paper highlights the conditions for successful privatization: strong political commitment combined with wider public understanding of and support for the process; creation of competitive markets through removal of entry and exit barriers, financial sector reforms that create commercially oriented banking systems, effective regulatory frameworks that reinforce the benefits of private ownership; transparency in the privatization process; and measures to mitigate adverse social and environmental effects.

Author : Bernardo Bortolotti,Domenico Siniscalco
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2004-03-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0199249342

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The Challenges of Privatization:An International Analysis by Bernardo Bortolotti,Domenico Siniscalco Pdf

From 1997 to 2001, more than 4,000 privatization operations have been carried out in more than 100 countries, bringing in government revenues of over 1,362 billion dollars. The phenomenon, which grew exponentially at the end of the 1990s and then abruptly slowed down, had dramatic consequences on the performance of state-owned enterprises and a significant impact on industrialized countries, as well as emerging and less developed economies. Yet there have been surprisingly fewattempts to provide a systematic empirical account of the privatization process at the worldwide level.Why do governments privatize? Why do some countries accomplish large-scale privatization programmes, and others never privatize at all? Is privatization a trend or a cycle? Furthermore, how do governments privatize? Do governments really transfer ownership and control of state-owned enterprises or does private ownership tend to coexist with public control?This book provides some answers to these important questions trying to test research hypotheses set forth by the recent economic theory of privatization.Comprehensive cross-country empirical analyses carried out over a period of more than twenty years are used in the book to show that privatization has taken place all over the world, sometimes spontaneously, more often under the pressure of economic and budgetary constraints. Several of the goals of the privatization have been met, but despite proclamations and programmes, only a small minority of countries has carried out a genuine privatization process, completely transferring ownership ofstate-owned enterprises to the private sector. A lack of political will is to some extent at the root of this reluctance. However this reluctance can be traced back partly to structural factors that would make an orderly privatization difficult, such as the absence of developed capital markets,appropriate regulation, and suitable institutions.

Author : Gérard Roland
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231141604

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Privatization by Gérard Roland Pdf

The privatization of large state-owned enterprises is one of the most radical policy developments of the last quarter century. Right-wing governments have privatized in an effort to decrease the size of government, while left-wing governments have privatized either to compensate for the failures of state-owned firms or to generate revenues. In this way, privatization has spread from Europe to Latin America, from Asia to Africa, reaching its zenith with Central and Eastern Europe's transition from socialism to capitalism. In many countries state ownership has been an important tool in bringing cheap water, energy, and transport to poorer segments of the population. In other instances, it has sponsored aggressive cutbacks, corruption, and cronyism. Privatization: Successes and Failures evaluates the practices and results of privatization in Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Featuring the world's leading economists and experts on privatization, this volume offers a broad and balanced analysis of specific privatization projects and uncovers some surprising trends. Partial privatization, for example, tends to be more widespread than one might think, and the effects of privatization on efficiency are generally mixed but rarely negative. Also, while privatization appears uncontroversial in competitive sectors, it becomes increasingly complex in more monopolistic sectors where good regulation is crucial. Privatization concludes with alternative frameworks for countries in Africa and other regions that seek to develop privatization policy and programs.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2000-02-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264180581

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Privatisation, Competition and Regulation by OECD Pdf

This volume brings together a number of papers discussing the interrelationship among privatisation, competition and regulation. The papers make reference to the experience of different countries with privatisation in a wide range of infrastructure sectors.

Author : Sunita Kikeri,Aishetu Kolo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Privatizacion - Paises en desarrollo
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Privatization by Sunita Kikeri,Aishetu Kolo Pdf

"This paper takes stock of recent privatization trends, examines the extent to which government ownership is still prevalent in developing countries, and summarizes emerging issues for state enterprise reform going forward. Between 1990 and 2003, 120 developing countries carried out nearly 8,000 privatization transactions and raised $410 billion in privatization revenues. Privatization activity peaked in 1997 and dropped off in the late 1990s and, while still at overall low levels, is slowly creeping back. While there are a large number of studies assessing the impact of privatization on enterprise performance and overall welfare, there are no systematic data on the extent to which privatization has changed the role of state enterprises in the economy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the state's role has been substantially reduced in Eastern and Central Europe and in certain countries in Latin America. But available evidence also suggests that, despite a long track record of privatization, government ownership in state enterprises is still widely prevalent in some regions and countries, and in certain sectors in virtually all regions. The paper shows that the costs of not reforming state enterprises are high and that continued efforts need to be made to improve their performance by improving privatization policies and institutions; adopting more of a case-by-case approach for complex sectors and countries; and exposing state enterprises to market discipline through new private entry and exit of unviable firms and improvements in their corporate governance. "--World Bank web site.

Author : International Labour Office
Publisher : International Labour Organization
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9221091988

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Management for Privatization by International Labour Office Pdf

This work traces the impact of privatization of state-owned enterprises on management practices and strategies. It covers methods of privatization and the barriers faced by managers, includes case studies of industry and public services in industrialized, developing and former socialist countries, and identifies training needs. It aims to build management development capacity and to prepare managers for the challenges of privatization and a new competitive environment.; The book is divided into four parts. Part One covers: the reasons for, and main methods of privatization; the environmental,

Author : Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : NWU:35556035569946

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Reforming Infrastructure by Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides Pdf

Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.

Author : Hubert Gabrisch,Jens Hölscher
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1403934940

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The Success and Failures of Economic Transition by Hubert Gabrisch,Jens Hölscher Pdf

Thisbook assumes transformation of former socialist countries of Europe to a market economy to be a political concept, having a start and an end. Transformation is analyzed from the perspective of the end (EU membership), and not of the inherited burdens from the socialist system. Additionally, the authors look at the results of transformation and its ability to improve social standards, income, and growth.

Author : Werner Baer,Melissa H. Birch
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1994-08-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822018810374

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Privatization in Latin America by Werner Baer,Melissa H. Birch Pdf

As import-substitution industrialization yields to increasing market liberalization in Latin America in the 1990s, privatization assigns new roles to both the public and private sectors. After the decade of the debt crisis, a much weakened State will reorient its policy efforts to the difficult issues of limited fiscal and monetary choices, regulation of newly privatized firms, and long-postponed social programs. However, privatization represents a mhallenge for the private sector as much as it is an issue for the public sector. Foreign and domestic capital will be asked to play a critical role in revitalizing battered economies. New players, from penny-capitalists to pension funds, and new institutions, including dramatically altered banking systems and suddenly thriving stock markets, have recently appeared. The changing roles of public and private sectors and the implications of these developments are the focus of this book.

Author : Oleh Havrylyshyn,Donal McGettigan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1999-09-06
Category : Privatisierung
ISBN : UCSD:31822026180299

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Privatization in Transition Countries: Lessons From the First Decade by Oleh Havrylyshyn,Donal McGettigan Pdf

The authors' view is that any privatisation is better than none, regardless of whether a stable, competitive environment has been established first. However, private companies started from scratch perform best, followed by newly privatised firms run by outsiders, either local or foreign. Privatised companies dominated by insiders do less well, but even they regularly outperform state enterprises. Without an appropriate market environment though, managers may spend more time lobbying the government for support than undertaking painful restructuring measures.

Author : Elke Loeffler,Dominik Sobczak,Frankie Hine-Hughes
Publisher : Multi-Science Publishing Company
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Economics
ISBN : 1907132384

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Liberalisation and Privatisation in the EU by Elke Loeffler,Dominik Sobczak,Frankie Hine-Hughes Pdf

This monograph gives an overview of the privatisation process in services of general interest in Europe and its outcomes, elaborating in particular on its consequences for the European social model. In the first parts, the history of privatisation is discussed, including its timing, rationale and drivers. An overview of different types of privatisation is also given as well as of the accompanying processes. Then the publication looks in detail into the economic outcomes, especially in the context of the underlying assumptions which justified decisions to launch the privatisation processes. It finds that most of the positive effects expected did not materialise at all or were very minor. As regards the creation of competitive markets, for example, increased competition was only achieved in countries and sectors that had a state monopoly at the outset. On the other hand, when a number of regional or local monopolies existed, market concentration increased as larger companies bought up their smaller competitors. Liberalisation and privatisation of public services also fundamentally challenged the traditional labour relations regime in the public sector, resulting in a two-tier system of stable bargaining structures within the incumbent firms, and decentralised and fragmented bargaining structures among new competitors, leading to lower employment standards. The advocates of shifting from public monopoly promised cheaper and better services, and that reduced prices would boost demand and create more jobs. However, the reality proved different, with rising atypical forms of employment and only minor productivity gains, driven mainly by lower labour input combined with other cost cutting strategies that led to a deterioration of employment and working conditions. Liberalisation and privatisation have also had some positive, as well as negative, effects on service quality. Furthermore, the publication argues that these processes have had adverse effects on the European Social Model as they resulted in lower social cohesion in access to good-quality public services. The publication draws implications for public policy, focusing in particular on the key phases of the privatisation process, the market regulation processes which need to be in place and the impact of privatisation on employment, industrial relations, productivity and profitability, and service quality -- EU Bookshop.

Author : Alberto Chong,Florencio Lopez de Silanes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2005-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821383506

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Privatization in Latin America by Alberto Chong,Florencio Lopez de Silanes Pdf

Privatization is under attack. Beginning in the 1980s, thousands of failing state-owned enterprises worldwide have been turned over to the private sector. But public opinion has turned against privatization. A large political backlash has been brewing for some time, infused by accusations of corruption, abuse of market power, and neglect of the poor. What is the real record of privatization and are the criticisms justified? 'Privatization in Latin America' evaluates the empirical evidence on privatization in a region that has witnessed an extensive decline in the state's share of production over the past 20 years. The book is a compilation of recent studies that provide a comprehensive analysis of the record of and accusations against privatization, with important recommendations for the future. Seven countries are investigated: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. This book will be vital to anyone interested in the privatization debate but especially to those involved in civil service reform, corporate governance, economic policy, finance, and anticorruption efforts. 'Privatization is important but controversial. While economists typically favor it, others are skeptical. This book provides strong scientific evidence that privatization has been beneficial for many Latin American countries, although some privatizations failed and some groups in society lost out. As usual, the devil is in the details: how privatization is carried out and what reforms accompany it are crucial to its success. The book is definitely an invaluable contribution to the privatization debate.' --Oliver Hart, Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics, Harvard University

Author : John R. Nellis,Mary M. Shirley
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821321811

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Privatization by John R. Nellis,Mary M. Shirley Pdf

Governance, as defined by the World Bank in its 1992 report, Governance and Development, is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development. The report deemed it is within the Bank's mandate to focus on the following: -the process by which authority is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources -the capacity of governments to design, formulate, and implement policies and discharge functions. Also available: Governance: The World Bank's Experience (ISBN 0-8213-2804-2) Stock No. 12804.