Probabilistic Models Of The Brain

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Probabilistic Models of the Brain

Author : Rajesh P.N. Rao,Bruno A. Olshausen,Michael S. Lewicki
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2002-03-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262264323

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Probabilistic Models of the Brain by Rajesh P.N. Rao,Bruno A. Olshausen,Michael S. Lewicki Pdf

A survey of probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging studies have helped to shed light on how the brain transforms raw sensory information into a form that is useful for goal-directed behavior. A fundamental question that is seldom addressed by these studies, however, is why the brain uses the types of representations it does and what evolutionary advantage, if any, these representations confer. It is difficult to address such questions directly via animal experiments. A promising alternative is to use probabilistic principles such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to derive models of brain function. This book surveys some of the current probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Although most of the examples focus on vision, many of the models and techniques are applicable to other modalities as well. The book presents top-down computational models as well as bottom-up neurally motivated models of brain function. The topics covered include Bayesian and information-theoretic models of perception, probabilistic theories of neural coding and spike timing, computational models of lateral and cortico-cortical feedback connections, and the development of receptive field properties from natural signals.

Bayesian Brain

Author : Kenji Doya,Shin Ishii,Alexandre Pouget
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Bayesian statistical decision theory
ISBN : 9780262042383

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Bayesian Brain by Kenji Doya,Shin Ishii,Alexandre Pouget Pdf

Experimental and theoretical neuroscientists use Bayesian approaches to analyze the brain mechanisms of perception, decision-making, and motor control.

Computational Models of Brain and Behavior

Author : Ahmed A. Moustafa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781119159063

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Computational Models of Brain and Behavior by Ahmed A. Moustafa Pdf

A comprehensive Introduction to the world of brain and behavior computational models This book provides a broad collection of articles covering different aspects of computational modeling efforts in psychology and neuroscience. Specifically, it discusses models that span different brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, visual cortex), different species (humans, rats, fruit flies), and different modeling methods (neural network, Bayesian, reinforcement learning, data fitting, and Hodgkin-Huxley models, among others). Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is divided into four sections: (a) Models of brain disorders; (b) Neural models of behavioral processes; (c) Models of neural processes, brain regions and neurotransmitters, and (d) Neural modeling approaches. It provides in-depth coverage of models of psychiatric disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and dyslexia; models of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy; early sensory and perceptual processes; models of olfaction; higher/systems level models and low-level models; Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning; linking information theory to neurobiology; and more. Covers computational approximations to intellectual disability in down syndrome Discusses computational models of pharmacological and immunological treatment in Alzheimer's disease Examines neural circuit models of serotonergic system (from microcircuits to cognition) Educates on information theory, memory, prediction, and timing in associative learning Computational Models of Brain and Behavior is written for advanced undergraduate, Master's and PhD-level students—as well as researchers involved in computational neuroscience modeling research.

Probabilistic Perspectives on Brain (dys)Function

Author : Karl Friston,Thomas Parr,Dimitrije Marković,Maxwell James D. Ramstead,Ryan Smith,Casper Hesp
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889711284

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Probabilistic Perspectives on Brain (dys)Function by Karl Friston,Thomas Parr,Dimitrije Marković,Maxwell James D. Ramstead,Ryan Smith,Casper Hesp Pdf

Magnetic Resonance Scanning and Epilepsy

Author : Simon D. Shorvon,D.R. Fish,F. Andermann,G.M. Bydder,H. Stefan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461525462

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Magnetic Resonance Scanning and Epilepsy by Simon D. Shorvon,D.R. Fish,F. Andermann,G.M. Bydder,H. Stefan Pdf

It was only in 1980 that the first recognisable magnetic resonance images of the human brain were published, by Moore and Holland from Nottingham University in England. There then followed a number of clinical trials of brain imaging, the most notable from the Hammersmith Hospital in London using a system designed by EMI, the original manufacturers of the first CT machines. A true revolution in medicine has ensued; in only a few years there are thousands of scanning units, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has assumed a central importance in medical investigation. It is an extraordinary fact that within a few years of development, the esoteric physics of nuclear spin, angular momentum, and magnetic vector precession were harnessed to provide exquisite images of living anatomy; modem science has no greater tribute. That indisputable king of neurology and the oldest of recorded conditions, epilepsy, has not been untouched by the new technology; indeed, it is our view that the introduction of MRI of electroencephalography (EEG) in the late has been as important to epilepsy as was that 1930s. Now, for the first time, the structural and aetiological basis of the condition is susceptible to thorough investigation, and MRI can provide structural detail to parallel the functional detail of EEG. MRI has the same potential as had EEG over 50 years ago, to provide a new level of understanding of the basic mechanisms, the clinical features and the treatment of epilepsy.

Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision

Author : Jerome R. Busemeyer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Cognition
ISBN : 1107228999

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Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision by Jerome R. Busemeyer Pdf

"Much of our understanding of human thinking is based on probabilistic models. This innovative book by Jerome R. Busemeyer and Peter D. Bruza argues that, actually, the underlying mathematical structures from quantum theory provide a much better account of human thinking than traditional models. They introduce the foundations for modeling probabilistic-dynamic systems using two aspects of quantum theory. The first, 'contextuality', is a way to understand interference effects found with inferences and decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The second, 'quantum entanglement', allows cognitive phenomena to be modeled in a non-reductionist way. Employing these principles drawn from quantum theory allows us to view human cognition and decision in a totally new light. Introducing the basic principles in an easy-to-follow way, this book does not assume a physics background or a quantum brain and comes complete with a tutorial and fully worked out applications in important areas of cognition and decision"--

From Neurons to Neighborhoods

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885

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From Neurons to Neighborhoods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development Pdf

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Information Processing in Medical Imaging

Author : Chris Taylor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 714 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003-07-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540405603

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Information Processing in Medical Imaging by Chris Taylor Pdf

This book constitutes the refeered proceedings of the 18th Interational Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, IPMI 2003, held in UK, in July 2003. The 57 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections shape modeling, shape analysis, segmentation, color, performance characterization, registration and modeling similarity, registration and modeling deformation, cardiac motion, fMRI analysis, and diffusion imaging and tractography.

Bayesian Brain

Author : Kenji Doya,Shin Ishii,Rajesh P. N. Rao,Alexandre Pouget
Publisher : Mit Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262516012

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Bayesian Brain by Kenji Doya,Shin Ishii,Rajesh P. N. Rao,Alexandre Pouget Pdf

Experimental and theoretical neuroscientists use Bayesian approaches to analyze the brain mechanisms of perception, decision-making, and motor control. A Bayesian approach can contribute to an understanding of the brain on multiple levels, by giving normative predictions about how an ideal sensory system should combine prior knowledge and observation, by providing mechanistic interpretation of the dynamic functioning of the brain circuit, and by suggesting optimal ways of deciphering experimental data. Bayesian Brain brings together contributions from both experimental and theoretical neuroscientists that examine the brain mechanisms of perception, decision making, and motor control according to the concepts of Bayesian estimation.After an overview of the mathematical concepts, including Bayes' theorem, that are basic to understanding the approaches discussed, contributors discuss how Bayesian concepts can be used for interpretation of such neurobiological data as neural spikes and functional brain imaging. Next, contributors examine the modeling of sensory processing, including the neural coding of information about the outside world. Finally, contributors explore dynamic processes for proper behaviors, including the mathematics of the speed and accuracy of perceptual decisions and neural models of belief propagation.

Surfing Uncertainty

Author : Andy Clark
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190217013

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Surfing Uncertainty by Andy Clark Pdf

This title brings together work on embodiment, action, and the predictive mind. At the core is the vision of human minds as prediction machines - devices that constantly try to stay one step ahead of the breaking waves of sensory stimulation, by actively predicting the incoming flow. In every situation we encounter, that complex prediction machinery is already buzzing, proactively trying to anticipate the sensory barrage. The book shows in detail how this strange but potent strategy of self-anticipation ushers perception, understanding, and imagination simultaneously onto the cognitive stage.

Bayesian Rationality

Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2007-02-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198524496

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Bayesian Rationality by Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater Pdf

For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

The Brain is a Suitability Probability Processor

Author : Eckhard Schindler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 300064931X

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The Brain is a Suitability Probability Processor by Eckhard Schindler Pdf

Our knowledge of the brain is grows dramatically, but primarily in highly specialized ways, resulting in more confusion than coherent understanding. Particularly the gap between neural micro structures and the complete system is difficult to close. This book tries to counter this dilemma by introducing a macro model of the brain.

The Noisy Brain

Author : Edmund T. Rolls,Gustavo Deco
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105215484721

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The Noisy Brain by Edmund T. Rolls,Gustavo Deco Pdf

The activity of neurons in the brain is noisy in that the neuronal firing times are random for a given mean rate. The Noisy Brain shows that this is fundamental to understanding many aspects of brain function, including probabilistic decision-making, perception, memory recall, short-term memory, attention, and even creativity. There are many applications too of this understanding, to for example memory and attentional disorders, aging, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Connectome

Author : Sebastian Seung
Publisher : HMH
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780547508177

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Connectome by Sebastian Seung Pdf

“Accessible, witty . . . an important new researcher, philosopher and popularizer of brain science . . . on par with cosmology’s Brian Greene and the late Carl Sagan” (The Plain Dealer). One of the Wall Street Journal’s 10 Best Nonfiction Books of the Year and a Publishers Weekly “Top Ten in Science” Title Every person is unique, but science has struggled to pinpoint where, precisely, that uniqueness resides. Our genome may determine our eye color and even aspects of our character. But our friendships, failures, and passions also shape who we are. The question is: How? Sebastian Seung is at the forefront of a revolution in neuroscience. He believes that our identity lies not in our genes, but in the connections between our brain cells—our particular wiring. Seung and a dedicated group of researchers are leading the effort to map these connections, neuron by neuron, synapse by synapse. It’s a monumental effort, but if they succeed, they will uncover the basis of personality, identity, intelligence, memory, and perhaps disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Connectome is a mind-bending adventure story offering a daring scientific and technological vision for understanding what makes us who we are, as individuals and as a species. “This is complicated stuff, and it is a testament to Dr. Seung’s remarkable clarity of exposition that the reader is swept along with his enthusiasm, as he moves from the basics of neuroscience out to the farthest regions of the hypothetical, sketching out a spectacularly illustrated giant map of the universe of man.” —TheNew York Times “An elegant primer on what’s known about how the brain is organized and how it grows, wires its neurons, perceives its environment, modifies or repairs itself, and stores information. Seung is a clear, lively writer who chooses vivid examples.” —TheWashington Post

Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images

Author : William D. Penny,Karl J. Friston,John T. Ashburner,Stefan J. Kiebel,Thomas E. Nichols
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080466507

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Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images by William D. Penny,Karl J. Friston,John T. Ashburner,Stefan J. Kiebel,Thomas E. Nichols Pdf

In an age where the amount of data collected from brain imaging is increasing constantly, it is of critical importance to analyse those data within an accepted framework to ensure proper integration and comparison of the information collected. This book describes the ideas and procedures that underlie the analysis of signals produced by the brain. The aim is to understand how the brain works, in terms of its functional architecture and dynamics. This book provides the background and methodology for the analysis of all types of brain imaging data, from functional magnetic resonance imaging to magnetoencephalography. Critically, Statistical Parametric Mapping provides a widely accepted conceptual framework which allows treatment of all these different modalities. This rests on an understanding of the brain's functional anatomy and the way that measured signals are caused experimentally. The book takes the reader from the basic concepts underlying the analysis of neuroimaging data to cutting edge approaches that would be difficult to find in any other source. Critically, the material is presented in an incremental way so that the reader can understand the precedents for each new development. This book will be particularly useful to neuroscientists engaged in any form of brain mapping; who have to contend with the real-world problems of data analysis and understanding the techniques they are using. It is primarily a scientific treatment and a didactic introduction to the analysis of brain imaging data. It can be used as both a textbook for students and scientists starting to use the techniques, as well as a reference for practicing neuroscientists. The book also serves as a companion to the software packages that have been developed for brain imaging data analysis. An essential reference and companion for users of the SPM software Provides a complete description of the concepts and procedures entailed by the analysis of brain images Offers full didactic treatment of the basic mathematics behind the analysis of brain imaging data Stands as a compendium of all the advances in neuroimaging data analysis over the past decade Adopts an easy to understand and incremental approach that takes the reader from basic statistics to state of the art approaches such as Variational Bayes Structured treatment of data analysis issues that links different modalities and models Includes a series of appendices and tutorial-style chapters that makes even the most sophisticated approaches accessible