Process Design Strategies For Biomass Conversion Systems
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Process Design Strategies for Biomass Conversion Systems by Denny K. S. Ng Pdf
This book covers recent developments in process systems engineering (PSE) for efficient resource use in biomass conversion systems. It provides an overview of process development in biomass conversion systems with focus on biorefineries involving the production and coproduction of fuels, heating, cooling, and chemicals. The scope includes grassroots and retrofitting applications. In order to reach high levels of processing efficiency, it also covers techniques and applications of natural-resource (mass and energy) conservation. Technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects of biorefineries are discussed and reconciled. The assessment scales vary from unit- to process- and life-cycle or supply chain levels. The chapters are written by leading experts from around the world, and present an integrated set of contributions. Providing a comprehensive, multi-dimensional analysis of various aspects of biunergy systems, the book is suitable for both academic researchers and energy professionals in industry.
Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Author : Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 383 pages File Size : 50,6 Mb Release : 2016-02-08 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9781118699157
Process Design Strategies for Biomass Conversion Systems by Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Pdf
This book covers recent developments in process systems engineering (PSE) for efficient resource use in biomass conversion systems. It provides an overview of process development in biomass conversion systems with focus on biorefineries involving the production and coproduction of fuels, heating, cooling, and chemicals. The scope includes grassroots and retrofitting applications. In order to reach high levels of processing efficiency, it also covers techniques and applications of natural-resource (mass and energy) conservation. Technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects of biorefineries are discussed and reconciled. The assessment scales vary from unit- to process- and life-cycle or supply chain levels. The chapters are written by leading experts from around the world, and present an integrated set of contributions. Providing a comprehensive, multi-dimensional analysis of various aspects of bioenergy systems, the book is suitable for both academic researchers and energy professionals in industry.
Advances in Carbon Management Technologies by Subhas K. Sikdar,Frank Princiotta Pdf
Volume 2 of Advances in Carbon Management Technologies has 21 chapters. It presents the introductory chapter again, for framing the challenges that confront the proposed solutions discussed in this volume. Section 4 presents various ways biomass and biomass wastes can be manipulated to provide a low-carbon footprint of the generation of power, heat and co-products, and of recovery and reuse of biomass wastes for beneficial purposes. Section 5 provides potential carbon management solutions in urban and manufacturing environments. This section also provides state-of the-art of battery technologies for the transportation sector. The chapters in section 6 deals with electricity and the grid, and how decarbonization can be practiced in the electricity sector. The overall topic of advances in carbon management is too broad to be covered in a book of this size. It was not intended to cover every possible aspect that is relevant to the topic. Attempts were made, however, to highlight the most important issues of decarbonization from technological viewpoints. Over the years carbon intensity of products and processes has decreased, but the proportion of energy derived from fossil fuels has been stubornly stuck at about 80%. This has occurred despite very rapid development of renewable fuels, because at the same time the use of fossil fuels has also increased. Thus, the challenges are truly daunting. It is hoped that the technology choices provided here will show the myriad ways that solutions will evolve. While policy decisions are the driving forces for technology development, the book was not designed to cover policy solutions.
Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Author : Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 399 pages File Size : 42,5 Mb Release : 2016-01-19 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9781118699133
Process Design Strategies for Biomass Conversion Systems by Denny K. S. Ng,Raymond R. Tan,Dominic C. Y. Foo,Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Pdf
This book covers recent developments in process systems engineering (PSE) for efficient resource use in biomass conversion systems. It provides an overview of process development in biomass conversion systems with focus on biorefineries involving the production and coproduction of fuels, heating, cooling, and chemicals. The scope includes grassroots and retrofitting applications. In order to reach high levels of processing efficiency, it also covers techniques and applications of natural-resource (mass and energy) conservation. Technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects of biorefineries are discussed and reconciled. The assessment scales vary from unit- to process- and life-cycle or supply chain levels. The chapters are written by leading experts from around the world, and present an integrated set of contributions. Providing a comprehensive, multi-dimensional analysis of various aspects of bioenergy systems, the book is suitable for both academic researchers and energy professionals in industry.
Technologies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass by Hongzhang Chen,Lan Wang Pdf
Technologies for Biochemical Conversion of Biomass introduces biomass biochemical conversion technology, including the pretreatment platform, enzyme platform, cell refining platform, sugar platform, fermentation platform, and post-treatment platform. Readers will find a systematic treatment, not only of the basics of biomass biochemical conversion and the introduction of each strategy, but also of the current advances of research in this area. Researchers will find the key problems in each technology platform for biomass biochemical conversion identified and solutions offered. This valuable reference book features new scientific research and the related industrial application of biomass biochemical conversion technology as the main content, and then systematically introduces the basic principles and applications of biomass biochemical conversion technology. Combines descriptions of these technologies to provide strategies and a platform for biochemical conversion in terms of basic knowledge, research advances, and key problems Summarizes models of biomass biochemical conversion for multiple products Presents products of biomass biochemical conversion from C1 to C10
Process Flow Strategies for Biomass Conversion Technologies by Shalaka Burlawar Pdf
Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to replace petroleum derived feedstocks, and many different chemical processes can be utilized to convert biomass to chemicals, fuels, and materials. Increasing the solids concentrations of biomass to 20-40\% in suspension can reduce processing costs and produce high concentration output streams, which is desirable for further processing steps. However, concentrated suspensions are viscous, complex fluids which make mixing reactants and controlling reactions difficult. Therefore, understanding the rheology, heat, and mass transport of high solids biomass during reactive processing is essential to design efficient continuous flow reactors. For mixing biomass at high solids containing large particles (> 10 mm), a new mixing device, the Lignocellulosic Biomass Rheometer (LCBR) was built, constructed, and tested. The LCBR is also capable of measuring rheological properties of fibrous suspensions at high temperature (> 230C), high pressure (> 2.8 MPa), and low pH ( 1.0). Temperature dependent rheological properties of non-Brownian fiber suspensions of coarse polydisperse biomass and monodisperse synthetic fibers are measured in this novel rheometer. The relationships among fiber properties and rheological parameters in suspension are investigated. Many chemical processes can be used to convert biomass to fuels, chemicals, and materials. Recently, the use of the organic solvent, gamma-valerolactone (GVL) has been shown to be beneficial for complete solubilization of all biomass components. Kinetic models for hemicellulose hydrolysis of white birch are determined to produce sugar at lower temperatures ( 130C) in solvent mixtures of GVL, water, and acid. The optimal reaction conditions based on the model are identified for producing high xylose sugar yields ( 80%) and the results are experimentally validated at two solid loadings (4% and 20%). Finally, modifications of the LCBR are discussed to operate reactor in semi-batch flow-through operation to continuously measure the rheological changes as the reaction proceeds, which is critical information for scale up to continuous flow operation. This reactor system operated at high solids loading ( 20%) produces streams with high sugar yields (> 70%) for saccharification in a GVL/water mixture with low acid concentrations (0.05 - 2.0 wt.%) at elevated temperatures (120 - 220C).
Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction by Prabir Basu Pdf
Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, Third Edition, is enhanced with a new topic on processing and cleaning of product gas of gasification and a brief introduction to biomaterials, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. With a dedicated focus on the design, analysis and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction, this edition offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid or solid states in a single accessible source. The author provides many worked design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. Although the book carries the name ‘biomass’, the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will help engineers, scientists and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, gain better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion. Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, Third Edition, is enhanced with a new topic on processing and cleaning of product gas of gasification and brief introduction to biomaterials making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. With a dedicated focus on the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction, this edition of the book offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid, or solid states in a single easy-to-access source. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. Although the book carries the name ‘biomass’, the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like, coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion. Features updates with the most recent research and technology Expanded to include a new chapter on syngas purification Contains step-by-step process flow diagrams, design data, conversion charts and numerical examples with solutions Provides available research results in an easy-to-use design methodology Examines the economic aspects of biomass conversion
Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development by Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet,Gade Pandu Rangaiah Pdf
A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels production Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together the latest and most cutting-edge research on the production of biofuels. As the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels, Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development covers theoretical, computational and experimental issues in biofuels process engineering. Written for researchers and postgraduate students working on biomass conversion and sustainable process design, as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization, this book is an indispensable guide to the newest developments in areas including: Enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production Process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling, simulation and optimization) The use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production Thermochemical processes for biomass transformation to biofuels Production of alternative biofuels In addition to the comprehensive overview of the subject of biofuels found in the Introduction of the book, the authors of various chapters have provided extensive discussions of the production and separation of biofuels via novel applications and techniques.
Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels by José Maria Ponce-Ortega,José Ezequiel Santibañez-Aguilar Pdf
Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs. Covers different optimization models for the strategic planning of biorefining systems Includes the GAMS and MATLAB codes for solving various problems Considers sustainability criteria in the presented models Presents different approaches for obtained trade-off solutions Provides general software that can be used for solving different problems
Greenhouse Gas Balances of Bioenergy Systems by Patricia Thornley,Paul Adams Pdf
Greenhouse Gases Balance of Bioenergy Systems covers every stage of a bioenergy system, from establishment to energy delivery, presenting a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of all the relevant issues and environmental risks. It also provides an understanding of how these can be practically managed to deliver sustainable greenhouse gas reductions. Its expert chapter authors present readers to the methods used to determine the greenhouse gas balance of bioenergy systems, the data required and the significance of the results obtained. It also provides in-depth discussion of key issues and uncertainties, such as soil, agriculture, forestry, fuel conversion and emissions formation. Finally, international case studies examine typical GHG reduction levels for different systems and highlight best practices for bioenergy GHG mitigation. For bringing together into one volume information from several different fields that was up until now scattered throughout many different sources, this book is ideal for researchers, graduate students and professionals coming into the bioenergy field, no matter their previous background. It will be particularly useful for bioenergy researchers seeking to calculate greenhouse gas balances for systems they are studying. I will also be an important resource for policy makers and energy analysts. Uses a multidisciplinary approach to synthesize the diverse information that is required to competently execute GHG balances for bioenergy systems Presents an in-depth understanding of the science underpinning key issues and uncertainty in GHG assessments of bioenergy systems Includes case studies that examine ways to maximize the GHG reductions delivered by different bioenergy systems
Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversions by Sergio Capareda Pdf
The potential that biomass energy has to supplement traditional fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions has put it front and center in the plan to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable fuels. While much has been written about biomass conversions, no single textbook contains all the information needed to teach a biomass conversion course—until now. Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversions presents a comprehensive review of biomass resources available for conversion into heat, power, and biofuels. The textbook covers biomass characterization and discusses facilities, equipment, and standards (e.g. ASTM or NREL) used for analysis. It examines the range of biomass resources available for conversion and presents traditional biomass conversion processes along with extensive biomass characterization data tables, illustrations, and graphical presentations of the various biomass energy conversion processes. The author also describes how to set up a laboratory for biomass energy conversion, and presents economics and sustainability issues. Loaded with real-world examples, the text includes numerous worked examples and problems in each chapter. No one knows what the price of oil will be next year or in future decades. It is governed by many factors other than supply and demand (politics, wars, etc.), however, whatever the future of energy is, bio-fuels will play an important role. This technical guide prepares students for managing bio-refineries, no matter what type of bio-fuel is produced. It also provides practicing engineers with a resource for starting a small bio-fuel business.
Research and Evaluation of Biomass Resources/conversion/utilization Systems by Yong Kee Ahn,Gilbert Associates Pdf
Gilbert Associates, Inc. of Reading, Pennsylvania has teamed up with Dr. Richard Bailie of West Virginia University and Environmental Energy Engineering, Inc. to perform a significant biomass contract for the U.S. Department of Energy. The two year contract is designed to develop a linear programming model which will be useful to the energy planner who must determine the most profitable combination of biomass feedstocks and conversion processes to produce a given fuel mix in order to satisfy demands of the energy market. This is the first biomass study which includes all elements of a commercial biomass scenario, i.e., the biomass resources, biomass to fuels conversion technology, and fuels utilization. It includes a market analysis of theneed for biomass derived fuels, and national and regional availability of biomass resources on seasonal bases. Secondly, it will include development of biomass conversion profiles for 100biomass materials including wood, bagasse, sugar cane, wheat and rice straw, corn stover, and others. Conversion profiles will be developed from Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) runs under various conditions of temperature, pressure, and particle size and in the presence of catalysts. Gasification, pyrolysis, and direct combustion shall be the modes of conversion. An attempt will be made to develop biomass -to -fuels process models and to verify them using process development unit runs. Then a data bank shall be developed for commercial scale process design and the associated economics. Finally, a linear programming model shall be developed for evaluating specific biomass feedstocks and the conversion processes required to supplya given volume of fuel under given market conditions. The data banks of market conditions, biomass conversion profiles, and commercial scale process design and economics will be used as input to the model. Dr. Bailie will supervise the TGA work at West Virginia University and the Process Development Unit work at Environmental Energy Engineering, Inc. Gilbert Associates will perform the project management, market analysis,process modeling, and linear programming portions of the project. The project began on September 1, 1978. Since then, candidate biomass materials for use in the experimental analysis portions of the project have been identified. Standard procedures are being developed for analyzing biomass and biomass conversion products from the TGA runs. Equipment has been ordered for making modifications on the TGA's and Process Development Units.In addition, a linear programming problem involving three biomass feedstocks for production of methanol used in three market sectors has been formulated. The example problem was hand -solved and is being used as a model to develop a computer package for system optimization.
Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining by Jens Holm-Nielsen,Ehiaze Augustine Ehimen Pdf
Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining highlights the emergence of energy generation through the use of biomass and the ways it is becoming more widely used. The supply chains that produce the feedstocks, harvest, transport, store, and prepare them for combustion or refinement into other forms of fuel are long and complex, often differing from feedstock to feedstock. Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy and Biorefining considers every aspect of these supply chains, including their design, management, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts. The first part of the book introduces supply chains, biomass feedstocks, and their analysis, while the second part looks at the harvesting, handling, storage, and transportation of biomass. The third part studies the modeling of supply chains and their management, with the final section discussing, in minute detail, the supply chains involved in the production and usage of individual feedstocks, such as wood and sugar starches, oil crops, industrial biomass wastes, and municipal sewage stocks. Focuses on the complex supply chains of the various potential feedstocks for biomass energy generation Studies a wide range of biomass feedstocks, including woody energy crops, sugar and starch crops, lignocellulosic crops, oil crops, grass crops, algae, and biomass waste Reviews the modeling and optimization, standards, quality control and traceability, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts of supply chains
