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Processes of Urban Stone Decay by Bernard J. Smith,Patricia A. Warke Pdf
This study examines the various processes and the methods of determining urban stone decay. The contributions include coverage of: spatial variability of dissolution on a limestone surface; ageing of consolidated stone; and techniques for making contemporary copies of stone antiquities.
European Geosciences Union. General Assembly,Geological Society of London
Author : European Geosciences Union. General Assembly,Geological Society of London Publisher : Geological Society of London Page : 352 pages File Size : 40,8 Mb Release : 2007 Category : Architecture ISBN : 1862392188
Building Stone Decay by European Geosciences Union. General Assembly,Geological Society of London Pdf
Stone buildings and monuments form the cultural centres of many of the world's urban areas. Frequently these areas are prone to high levels of atmospheric pollution that promote a variety of aggressive stone decay processes. Because of this, stone decay is now widely recognised as a severe threat to much of our cultural heritage. An interdisciplinary approach between geologists, environmental scientists, chemists, material scientists, civil engineers, restorers and architects aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with the causes, consequences, prevention and solution of stone decay problems.
This volume offers valuable insights into the nature of decay processes and the factors that control them. It presents several studies on the impact of pollution on stonework in urban environments. Important methodological contributions cover: the mapping of facades to explain rates of decay associated with conservation actions; the laboratory simulation of corrosion in polluted atmospheres; the quantification of colour change through a study of the artificial ageing of building stone. The effectiveness of stone treatments within the laboratory is also considered.
Aspects of Stone Weathering, Decay and Conservation by Melanie S Jones,Rachael D Wakefield Pdf
This book brings together papers by scientists, conservators and building surveyors active in stone decay and conservation research within the UK. It addresses issues of stone weathering, mechanisms and rates, the effects of urban pollution, cleaning methods, and the role of the conservator within research. The concepts regarding the value of stone heritage are also discussed as an important aspect towards retaining our diverse building heritage. Contents: Gravestones: Problems and Potentials as Indicators of Historic Changes in Weathering (R J Inkpen)Role of Atmospheric Sulphur Dioxide in the Sulphation Reaction of Frescoes (N Schiavon & G Schiavon)Moisture Loss from Stone Influenced by Salt Accumulation (B J Smith & E M Kennedy)Characterisation of Decay Features on Sandstone Following Cleaning: Preliminary Observations (P A Warke et al.)Removal and Analysis of Soluble Salts from Chemically Cleaned Sandstones (S P Fernandez et al.)Contingent Valuation Comes to Town (N Gomersall)Cleaning of Stone Buildings: The Applicability of Established Value Assessment Methodologies (R A Laing & D Urquhart)Carved Stones (I A G Shepherd)Effect of Hydrocarbons on Biofilm Development on Sandstone (R V Yordanov & K Nicholson)Heat and Mass Transfer at the Surface of Two Sandstone Types Under Different Atmospheric Conditions (S P Fernandez & P Martin)New Instruments for Monitoring Algae Populations on Stone Surfaces (E Brechet et al.)and other papers Readership: Conservators and building surveyors. Keywords:Stone Decay;Conservation;Urban Pollution;Cleaning Methods;Building Heritage
Heritage, Weathering and Conservation, Two Volume Set by Rafael Fort,Monica Alvarez de Buergo,Miguel Gomez-Heras,Carmen Vazquez-Calvo Pdf
The conservation of cultural heritage is a major commitment for all countries around the world, since it is a complex task and a matter of great responsibility. Amongst other sectors of society, science has a contribution to make to heritage preservation. This book is the result of the international conference “Heritage, Weathering and Conservation” (HWC2006), held in Madrid, Spain in 2006. It brought together prominent scientists and professionals from a variety of disciplines who have been active in the field and have raised the profile of heritage preservation. The main aspects addressed at this conference were those related to the causes of decay of cultural materials (stone, ceramics, metals, paintings, mortars, timber, adobes, etc); the characterization of their properties and the assessment of analytical techniques for their study, with a focus on non-destructive techniques. Many of the studies stress the importance of salt crystallization, atmospheric pollution and biodeterioration and relate these specific factors to decay. A variety of case studies are included, as well as an examination of policies and management. This book will be useful to professionals and scientists working in a variety of fields related to heritage: geologists, geographers, chemists, physicists, biologists, architects, engineers, restorers, historians, archaeologists, policy makers and the general public.
Materials and Skills for Historic Building Conservation by Michael Forsyth Pdf
This book is the third in a series of volumes that combineconservation philosophy in the built environment with knowledge oftraditional materials, and structural and constructionalconservation techniques and technology: Understanding Historic Building Conservation Structures & Construction in Historic BuildingConservation Materials & Skills for Historic Building Conservation The series aims to introduce each aspect of conservation and toprovide concise, basic and up-to-date knowledge for architects,surveyors and engineers as well as for commissioning client bodies,managers and advisors. In each book, Michael Forsyth draws together chapters by leadingarchitects, structural engineers and related professionals toreflect the interdisciplinary nature of conservation work. Thebooks are structured to be of direct practical application, takingthe reader through the process of historic building conservationand emphasising throughout the integrative teamwork involved. The present volume - Materials & Skills for HistoricBuilding Conservation – describes the characteristics andprocess of decay of traditional materials which inform theselection of appropriate repair techniques. It provides essential information on the properties of theprincipal traditional external building materials. Theiravailability, sourcing and environmental impact is covered, as wellas the causes of erosion and decay, and the skills required fortheir application on conservation projects. It covers the main most commonly used materials and conservationtechniques including stone, brickwork, lime products, concrete,iron and steel, timber, wattle and daub, and glass, Thirteen chapters written by the experts present today's keyissues in materials and skills for historic building conservation:Gus Astley, Patrick Baty, Charley Brentnall, Michael Bussell,Michael Forsyth, Tony Graham, Chris Harris, David McLaughlin, BrianRidout, Mike Stock, Geoff Wallis, Ian Williams, Rory Young
Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage by C. Saiz-Jimenez Pdf
This collection includes thirty-six important recent works on the effects of pollutants on heritage sites, including thirty papers delivered to the Seville International Workshop on Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage in 2003, and six invited new additions. All papers have been written by a team of leading international contributors and are divided into five subject areas to cover the main topics of interest today. This volume is aimed at archaeologists and molecular biologists as well as advanced students and researchers in the fields of biodeterioration, building materials, micro-organisms and cultural heritage.
Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures by Maria Bostenaru-Dan,Richard Pøikryl,Akos Török Pdf
One distinct feature of human society since the dawn of civilization is the systematic use of inorganic building materials, such as natural stone, unburnt and burnt soil, adobe and brick, inorganic binders like lime and cement, and reinforced concrete. Our heritage has cultural, architectural and technological value and preserving such structures is a key issue today. Planners and conservation scientists need detailed site surveys and analyses to create a database that will serve to guide subsequent actions. One factor in this knowledge base is an understanding of how historic materials were prepared and the crucial properties that influence their long-term behaviour. Any assessment of the way such materials perform must crucially be based on an understanding of the methods used for their analysis. The editors here add to the knowledge base treating the materials used in historic structures, their properties, technology of use and conservation, and their performance in a changing environment. The book draws together 18 chapters dealing with the inorganic materials used in historic structures, such as adobe, brick, stone, mortars, concrete and plasters. The approach is complex, covering material characterisation as well as several case studies of historic structures from Europe, including Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovenia and Spain, and the My Sõn Temples in Vietnam. An equally important component of the book covers the analysis of materials, together with a treatment of sustainable development, such as the protection of monuments from earthquakes and climate change. The authors are all leading international experts, drawn from a variety of backgrounds: architecture, civil engineering, conservation science, geology and material science, with close links to professional organisations such as ICOMOS or universities and research centres throughout Europe. Audience: This book will be of interest to geologists, engineers, restorers, consulting engineers, designers and other professionals dealing with cultural heritage and sustainable development. Also graduate students in applied geo-science (mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology), architecture and civil engineering will find interesting information in this book.
Urban Geomorphology by Mary J Thornbush,Casey D. Allen Pdf
Urban Geomorphology: Landforms and Processes in Cities addresses the human impacts on landscapes through occupation (urbanization) and development as a contribution to anthropogenic geomorphology or "anthropogeomorphology." This includes a focus on land clearance, conservation issues, pollution, decay and erosion, urban climate, and anthropogenic climate change. These topics, as well as others, are considered to shed more light on the human transformation of natural landscapes and the environmental impacts and geomorphological hazards that environmental change can encompass. Its multidisciplinary approach is appropriate for audiences from a range of disciplines and professions, from geologists, conservationists, and land-use planners to architects and developers. Urban Geomorphology not only transcends disciplines, but also covers varied spatial-temporal frameworks and presents a diverse set of approaches and solutions to human impacts and geomorphological hazards within urban landscapes. Features a cross-disciplinary perspective, highlighting the importance of the geosciences to environmental science, engineering, and public policy Focuses on the built environment as the location of concentrated human impacts and change Provides an international scope, including case studies from urban areas around the world
Urban Pollution and Changes to Materials and Building Surfaces by Peter Brimblecombe Pdf
Pollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres. At the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active atmospheres. Contemporary pollutants have a greater potential to degrade organic coatings and polymers, which are of great importance to modern structures.Urban Pollution and Changes to Materials and Building Surfaces examines a range of materials, discussing the ways in which they are likely to be damaged by contemporary urban pollutants, with an emphasis on the effects of air pollution. A chapter on graffiti is also included.The wide scope covered means that this volume is suitable for readers from a broad background. It should be of interest to scientists and policymakers dealing with the effects of urban pollution, as well as undergraduate and graduate students working in this area.This book, with its wealth of information, is of exceedingly good value for readers who seek to understand more on the changes of materials and building surfaces by urban pollution.
Sustainable Use of Traditional Geomaterials in Construction Practice by Anonim Pdf
Geomaterials derived from the Earth’s crust and used in construction after appropriate processing are among the earliest raw materials exploited, processed and used by humans. Their numerous functional properties include accessibility, workability and serviceability, and these are explored within this volume. In modern society, sustainable use of raw materials, specifically those exploited in large volumes such as geomaterials for construction, raises questions of reducing extraction of primary resources and thus minimizing impacts on natural systems, and also employment of materials and technologies to lower emissions of deleterious substances into the atmosphere. This will be possible only if we fully understand the properties, processing and mode of use of traditional geomaterials. Although most of the papers within this volume were written by geologists, the contributions will also be of interest to those working in cultural heritage, monument conservation, civil engineering and architecture.
Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone by V. Fassina Pdf
The conservation of historic monuments, sites and structures constitutes an inter-professional discipline co-ordinating a range of aesthetic historic, scientific and technical methods. Conservation is a rapidly developing field, which, by its true nature, is a multidisciplinary activity with experts respecting one another's contributions and combining to form an effective team. Conservation is an artistic activity aided by scientific and historical knowledge. Main topics at this Congress included: - the most appropriate methodology for the assessment of the degree of weathering of stone - development of new methods and instruments for the diagnosis of the state of conservation, for the study of alteration mechanisms and for conservation treatments. - the definition of Technical European Standard Methods for the evaluation of conservation treatments of artistic and historic stone objects and monuments.
