Proclivity To Genocide

Author : Grace O. Okoye
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780739191170

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Proclivity to Genocide by Grace O. Okoye Pdf

This book examines proclivity to genocide in the protracted killings that have continued for decades in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, spanning from the 1966 northern Nigeria massacres of thousands of Ibos up to the present, ongoing killings between extremist Muslims and Christians or non-Muslims in the region. It explores the ethnic and religious dimensions of the conflict over five phases to investigate genocidal proclivity to the killings and the extent to which religion foments and escalates the conflict. This book adopts a conceptual analytic approach of establishing similarity of genocidal patterns to the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict by examining genocidal occurrences and massacres in history, particularly the twentieth-century contemporary genocides, for an understanding of genocide. With this reference frame, the study structures a Genocide Proclivity Model for identifying inclinations to genocide and derives a substantive theory using the Strauss and Corbin (1990) approach. By identifying genocidal intent as underlying the various manifestations and causes of genocide in specific genocide cases, the book establishes that genocidal proclivity or the intent to exterminate the “other” on the basis of religion and/or ethnicity underlies most of the northern Nigerian episodic, but protracted, killings. The book’s analytic framework and approach are grounded in identifiable and provable evidences of specific intent to annihilate the “other,” mostly involving extremist Muslimsintent to‘cleanse’ northern Nigeria of Christians and other non-Muslims through the ‘exclusionary ideology’ of imposition of the Sharia Law, and to ‘force assimilation’ or ‘extermination’ through massacres and genocidal killings of those who refuse to assimilate or adopt the Muslim ideology. The study establishes that the genocidal inclinations to the conflict have remained latent because of the intermittent but protracted nature of the killings and lends credence to the conception of genocidal intent and its covertness in situations of genocidal intermittency. The book unearths the latency of episodic genocide in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, prescribes recommendations, and launches a clarion call for international intervention to stop the genocide.

Author : Ben Kiernan,Wendy Lower,Norman Naimark,Scott Straus
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 946 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108806275

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The Cambridge World History of Genocide: Volume 3, Genocide in the Contemporary Era, 1914–2020 by Ben Kiernan,Wendy Lower,Norman Naimark,Scott Straus Pdf

Volume III examines the most well-known century of genocide, the twentieth century. Opening with a discussion on the definitions of genocide and 'ethnic cleansing' and their relationships to modernity, it continues with a survey of the genocide studies field, racism and antisemitism. The four parts cover the impacts of Racism, Total War, Imperial Collapse, and Revolution; the crises of World War Two; the Cold War; and Globalization. Twenty-eight scholars with expertise in specific regions document thirty genocides from 1918 to 2021, in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The cases range from the Armenian Genocide to Maoist China, from the Holocaust to Stalin's Ukraine, from Indonesia to Guatemala, Biafra, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Bosnia and Rwanda, and finally the contemporary fate of the Rohingyas in Myanmar and the ISIS slaughter of Yazidis in Iraq. The volume ends with a chapter on the strategies for genocide prevention moving forward.

Author : Stewart Gabel
Publisher : Academic Studies PRess
Page : 179 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-14
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9798887193052

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How Dehumanization Leads to Murder and Genocide by Stewart Gabel Pdf

This book discusses psychological aspects of dehumanization and of the human tendency to dominate, control and potentially murder those considered less than or “other” by the dominant group. It explores how increasingly severe dehumanization resulted in the genocide of six million Jews in the second World War. Psychological and behavioral strategies Nazi aggressors and ordinary citizens used to mislead themselves during this process are described. Understanding the sequence of events from dehumanization to murder has implications for the apparent tendency of human beings to harm and potentially kill those who appear “different”, or who are made into the “other”. Efforts to prevent genocide should actively challenge dehumanization of weaker populations whenever possible, even when dehumanization appears mild, “insignificant,” or “innocuous.”

Author : Alex J. Bellamy,Stephen McLoughlin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137488107

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Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention by Alex J. Bellamy,Stephen McLoughlin Pdf

Two leading experts in the field re-examine the traditional understanding of humanitarian intervention in this major new text. The recent high-profile interventions in Iraq, Libya and Syria show the various international responses to impending or ongoing humanitarian crises, tracking the development from ad hoc military interventions to a more formalised international human rights regime. This evolution has fundamentally changed the way that states and international society think about, and respond to, atrocities. This textbook charts and explains the transformation, examines the challenges that confront it, and asks whether this new politics can withstand the growing crises in international politics. The human protection system is not perfect, but attempts to reduce both the incidence and lethality of atrocity crimes. The authors argue that armed intervention alone is rarely sufficient to halt humanitarian atrocities, but must be understood within the wider context of peacemaking, including non-violent action. The requirement for states to intervene is codified in international law, and this raises important practical, political and moral questions for consistent humanitarian action. Based on the authors' two decades of research, this text is the ideal companion for students of International Relations, taking modules on Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Author : Samuel Fury Childs Daly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108840767

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A History of the Republic of Biafra by Samuel Fury Childs Daly Pdf

An accessible study demonstrating how the conditions of the Nigerian Civil War paved the way for the country's long experience of crime.

Author : Arthur Grenke
Publisher : New Academia Publishing, LLC
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 097670420X

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God, Greed, and Genocide by Arthur Grenke Pdf

What are the similarities between the mass extermination of idolaters in the Old Testament, the burning of witches in the Middle Ages, the extermination of native Americans, the mass killing of the Armenians at the hand of the Turks, the Holo- caust of the European Jews, and the communist eradication of the enemies of the people both in the Soviet Union and Cambodia? Are these to be seen as unique cases, or as the result of a recognizable pattern. The author provides insight into these questions, basing his argument on the latest sources. He maintains that the study of the dynamics that lead to mass destruction may provide a better understanding of the holocaust as a recurrent phenomenon.

Author : Paul J. Zwier
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 469 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107026872

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Principled Negotiation and Mediation in the International Arena by Paul J. Zwier Pdf

This book argues that it can be beneficial for the United States to talk with 'evil' - terrorists and other bad actors - if it engages a mediator who shares the United States' principles yet is pragmatic. It shows how the US can make better foreign policy decisions and demonstrate its integrity for promoting democracy and human rights, by employing a mediator who facilitates disputes between international actors by moving them along a continuum of principles, as political parties act for a country's citizens. This is the first book to integrate theories of rule of law development with conflict resolution methods, and it examines ongoing disputes in the Middle East, North Korea, South America and Africa. It draws on the author's experiences with The Carter Center and judicial and legal advocacy training to provide a sophisticated understanding of the current situation in these countries and of how a strategy of principled pragmatism will give better direction to US foreign policy abroad.

Author : Esther Mavengano,Isaac Mhute
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783031428838

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Sub-Saharan Political Cultures of Deceit in Language, Literature, and the Media, Volume II by Esther Mavengano,Isaac Mhute Pdf

This two-volume set charts a cross-disciplinary discursive terrain that proffers rich insights about deceit in contemporary postcolonial Sub-Saharan African politics. In an attempt to produce a nuanced and multifaceted academic dialoguing platform, the two volumes have a particular focus on the aspects of treachery, fear of difference (oppositional politics), and discourses/semiotics of mis/self-representation. The major aim of the proposed volumes is to contribute toward the often problematised conversations about the unfolding (post)colonial Sub-Saharan world which is topical in decolonial and Pan-African studies.The volumes seek to place political thinking and postcolonial political systems under the scholarly gaze with the view to highlight and enhance the participation of African cross-disciplinary scholarship in the postcolonial political processes of the continent. Most significantly, it is through such probing of the limitations of our own disciplinary perspectives which can help us appreciate the complexity of the postcolonial Sub-Saharan African politics. The first volume uses Zimbabwe as a case study, while the second volume examines postcolonial politics in Sub-Saharan Africa more broadly.The first volume uses Zimbabwe as a case study, while the second volume examines postcolonial politics in Sub-Saharan Africa more broadly.The first volume uses Zimbabwe as a case study, while the second volume examines postcolonial politics in Sub-Saharan Africa more broadly.

Author : Israel W. Charny
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Genocide
ISBN : STANFORD:36105044204175

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Genocide by Israel W. Charny Pdf

Author : G. Jan Colijn,Marcia Sachs Littell
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015034394224

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The Netherlands and Nazi Genocide by G. Jan Colijn,Marcia Sachs Littell Pdf

This collection of papers highlights the contradictions in the Netherlands which led on one hand to a Dutch Nazi Party and a very low rate of survival among Dutch Jews, and on the other hand to facets of considerable resistance.

Author : Robert Gellately,Ben Kiernan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2003-07-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0521527503

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The Specter of Genocide by Robert Gellately,Ben Kiernan Pdf

Genocide, mass murder and human rights abuses are arguably the most perplexing and deeply troubling aspects of recent world history. This collection of essays by leading international experts offers an up-to-date, comprehensive history and analyses of multiple cases of genocide and genocidal acts, with a focus on the twentieth century. The book contains studies of the Armenian genocide, the victims of Stalinist terror, the Holocaust, and Imperial Japan. Several authors explore colonialism and address the fate of the indigenous peoples in Africa, North America, and Australia. As well, there is extensive coverage of the post-1945 period, including the atrocities in the former Yugoslavia, Bali, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, East Timor, and Guatemala. The book emphasizes the importance of comparative analysis and theoretical discussion, and it raises new questions about the difficult challenges for modernity constituted by genocide and other mass crimes.

Author : Mohamed Adhikari
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781782387398

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Genocide on Settler Frontiers by Mohamed Adhikari Pdf

European colonial conquest included many instances of indigenous peoples being exterminated. Cases where invading commercial stock farmers clashed with hunter-gatherers were particularly destructive, often resulting in a degree of dispossession and slaughter that destroyed the ability of these societies to reproduce themselves. The experience of aboriginal peoples in the settler colonies of southern Africa, Australia, North America, and Latin America bears this out. The frequency with which encounters of this kind resulted in the annihilation of forager societies raises the question of whether these conflicts were inherently genocidal, an issue not yet addressed by scholars in a systematic way.

Author : Sergei Nilus,Victor Emile Marsden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-26
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 1947844962

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The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion by Sergei Nilus,Victor Emile Marsden Pdf

"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" is almost certainly fiction, but its impact was not. Originating in Russia, it landed in the English-speaking world where it caused great consternation. Much is made of German anti-semitism, but there was fertile soil for "The Protocols" across Europe and even in America, thanks to Henry Ford and others.

Author : Vjekoslav Perica
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2002-07-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190287498

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Balkan Idols by Vjekoslav Perica Pdf

Reporting from the heartland of Yugoslavia in the 1970s, Washington Post correspondent Dusko Doder described "a landscape of Gothic spires, Islamic mosques, and Byzantine domes." A quarter century later, this landscape lay in ruins. In addition to claiming tens of thousands of lives, the former Yugoslavia's four wars ravaged over a thousand religious buildings, many purposefully destroyed by Serbs, Albanians, and Croats alike, providing an apt architectural metaphor for the region's recent history. Rarely has the human impulse toward monocausality--the need for a single explanation--been in greater evidence than in Western attempts to make sense of the country's bloody dissolution. From Robert Kaplan's controversial Balkan Ghosts, which identified entrenched ethnic hatreds as the driving force behind Yugoslavia's demise to NATO's dogged pursuit and arrest of Slobodan Milosevic, the quest for easy answers has frequently served to obscure the Balkans' complex history. Perhaps most surprisingly, no book has focused explicitly on the role religion has played in the conflicts that continue to torment southeastern Europe. Based on a wide range of South Slav sources and previously unpublished, often confidential documents from communist state archives, as well as on the author's own on-the-ground experience, Balkan Idols explores the political role and influence of Serbian Orthodox, Croatian Catholic, and Yugoslav Muslim religious organizations over the course of the last century. Vjekoslav Perica emphatically rejects the notion that a "clash of civilizations" has played a central role in fomenting aggression. He finds no compelling evidence of an upsurge in religious fervor among the general population. Rather, he concludes, the primary religious players in the conflicts have been activist clergy. This activism, Perica argues, allowed the clergy to assume political power without the accountablity faced by democratically-elected officials. What emerges from Perica's account is a deeply nuanced understanding of the history and troubled future of one of Europes most volatile regions.

Author : Christopher C. Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000184488

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Sacrifice as Terror by Christopher C. Taylor Pdf

In the early months of 1994, it became clear that the government of Rwanda had not acted in good faith in signing peace accords with its adversary, the Rwandan Patriotic Front. Acts of government-sponsored violence grew more frequent. The author of this book, who at that point was conducting fieldwork in Rwanda, on several occasions found either himself or the Rwandans accompanying him threatened with, or sustaining, bodily harm. Finally, active hostilities between the antagonists escalated on April 7, 1994, just hours after the Rwandan President's plane was shot down. During the author's evacuation from Rwanda in the months following, he interviewed many survivors. This book, the outcome of the author's experiences during the conflict, is an attempt to understand the atrocities committed during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda in which nearly one million people, mostly of Tutsi ethnicity, were slaughtered in less than four months. Beyond this, the author shows that political and historical analyses, while necessary in understanding the violence, fail to explain the forms that the violence took and the degree of passion that motivated it. Instead, Rwandan ritual and practices related to the body are revelatory in this regard, as the body is the ultimate tablet upon which the dictates of the nation-state are inscribed. One rather bizarre example of this is that Hutu extremists often married or had sexual relations with Tutsi women who, according to the Hamitic hypothesis, were said to be sexually alluring. Their mixed-race offspring were not exempt from the genocide. Finally, and perhaps most importantly in light of the recent resurgence of violence, the author advances hypotheses about how the violence in Rwanda and Burundi might be transcended.