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Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Studies Division
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Electronic
ISBN : IND:30000113323384
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on the Review of Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Grants Program
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309458603
Environmental research has driven landmark improvements that led to the protection of human and ecosystem health. Recognizing the value of knowledge generated by environmental research and the ingenuity within academic and nonprofit institutions, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created a program known as Science to Achieve Results, or STAR, in 1995. STAR is EPA's primary competitive extramural grants program. A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program assesses the program's scientific merit, public benefits, and overall contributions in the context of other relevant research and recommends ways to enhance those aspects of the program. This report also considers the conclusions and recommendations of a prior National Research Council review of the STAR program (2003), the STAR program's research priorities in light of the nation's environmental challenges, and the effects of recent STAR funding trends on obtaining scientific information needed to protect public health and the environment.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Committee on Evaluating the Efficiency of Research and Development Programs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2008-06-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309178198
A new book from the National Research Council recommends changes in how the federal government evaluates the efficiency of research at EPA and other agencies. Assessing efficiency should be considered only one part of gauging a program's quality, relevance, and effectiveness. The efficiency of research processes and that of investments should be evaluated using different approaches. Investment efficiency should examine whether an agency's R&D portfolio, including the budget, is relevant, of high quality, matches the agency's strategic plan. These evaluations require panels of experts. In contrast, process efficiency should focus on "inputs" (the people, funds, and facilities dedicated to research) and "outputs" (the services, grants, publications, monitoring, and new techniques produced by research), as well as their timelines and should be evaluated using quantitative measures. The committee recommends that the efficiency of EPA's research programs be evaluated according to the same standards used at other agencies. To ensure this, OMB should train and oversee its budget examiners so that the PART questionnaire is implemented consistently and equitably across agencies.
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-23
Category : Environmental policy
ISBN : UCR:31210012296917
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on Incorporating Sustainability in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309212557
Sustainability is based on a simple and long-recognized factual premise: Everything that humans require for their survival and well-being depends, directly or indirectly, on the natural environment. The environment provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Recognizing the importance of sustainability to its work, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been working to create programs and applications in a variety of areas to better incorporate sustainability into decision-making at the agency. To further strengthen the scientific basis for sustainability as it applies to human health and environmental protection, the EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to provide a framework for incorporating sustainability into the EPA's principles and decision-making. This framework, Sustainability and the U.S. EPA, provides recommendations for a sustainability approach that both incorporates and goes beyond an approach based on assessing and managing the risks posed by pollutants that has largely shaped environmental policy since the 1980s. Although risk-based methods have led to many successes and remain important tools, the report concludes that they are not adequate to address many of the complex problems that put current and future generations at risk, such as depletion of natural resources, climate change, and loss of biodiversity. Moreover, sophisticated tools are increasingly available to address cross-cutting, complex, and challenging issues that go beyond risk management. The report recommends that EPA formally adopt as its sustainability paradigm the widely used "three pillars" approach, which means considering the environmental, social, and economic impacts of an action or decision. Health should be expressly included in the "social" pillar. EPA should also articulate its vision for sustainability and develop a set of sustainability principles that would underlie all agency policies and programs.
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : MINN:20000003168297
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Consultants
ISBN : UCAL:B3899899
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Environmental Research Assessment Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : NAP:15103
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Monitoring. Research Information Division
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Report writing
ISBN : UOM:39015000467020
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1976-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : CORNELL:31924056857844
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Strengthening the US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory Enterprise: Phase 1 Priority Needs, Guiding Principles, and Overall Goals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309312400
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applies scientific results that have been provided by various parts of its own organization and by external organizations. The agency requires substantial high-quality inhouse scientific expertise and laboratory capabilities so that it can answer questions related to regulation, enforcement, and environmental effects of specific chemicals, activities, and processes. It is also usually faced with situations in which research or analytic work is time-critical, so it maintains dedicated laboratory staff and facilities that can respond quickly to such needs. In recent years, EPA has made several changes to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its laboratories, such as the designation of national program directors to align the work of research laboratories with the needs of the agency's regulatory program offices. The agency is currently undertaking an integrated evaluation of it laboratories to enhance the management effectiveness and efficiency of its laboratory enterprise and to enhance its capabilities for research and other laboratory-based scientific and technical activities. The results of EPA's evaluation are expected to include options for colocation and consolidation of laboratory facilities. Rethinking the Components, Coordination, and Management of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Laboratories assesses EPA's highest-priority needs for mission-relevant laboratory science and technical support, develops principles for the efficient and effective management of EPA's laboratory enterprise to meet the agency's mission needs and strategic goals, and develops guidance for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness now and during the next 10 years. EPA's laboratories play a vital role in the agency's work. The findings and recommendations of this report will help EPA to develop an implementation plan for the laboratory enterprise.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309304177
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a program within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is responsible for developing toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. An IRIS assessment contains hazard identifications and dose-response assessments of various chemicals related to cancer and noncancer outcomes. Although the program was created to increase consistency among toxicologic assessments within the agency, federal, state, and international agencies and other organizations have come to rely on IRIS assessments for setting regulatory standards, establishing exposure guidelines, and estimating risks to exposed populations. Over the last decade, the National Research Council (NRC) has been asked to review some of the more complex and challenging IRIS assessments, including those of formaldehyde, dioxin, and tetrachloroethylene. In 2011, an NRC committee released its review of the IRIS formaldehyde assessment. Like other NRC committees that had reviewed IRIS assessments, the formaldehyde committee identified deficiencies in the specific assessment and more broadly in some of EPA's general approaches and specific methods. Although the committee focused on evaluating the IRIS formaldehyde assessment, it provided suggestions for improving the IRIS process and a roadmap for its revision in case EPA decided to move forward with changes to the process. Congress directed EPA to implement the report's recommendations and then asked the National Research Council to review the changes that EPA was making (or proposing to make) in response to the recommendations. Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process provides an overview of some general issues associated with IRIS assessments. This report then addresses evidence identification and evaluation for IRIS assessments and discusses evidence integration for hazard evaluation and methods for calculating reference values and unit risks. The report makes recommendations and considerations for future directions. Overall, Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System Process finds that substantial improvements in the IRIS process have been made, and it is clear that EPA has embraced and is acting on the recommendations in the NRC formaldehyde report. The recommendations of this report should be seen as building on the progress that EPA has already made.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Research Opportunities and Priorities for EPA
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1997-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309174770
Over the past decades, environmental problems have attracted enormous attention and public concern. Many actions have been taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and others to protect human health and ecosystems from particular threats. Despite some successes, many problems remain unsolved and new ones are emerging. Increasing population and related pressures, combined with a realization of the interconnectedness and complexity of environmental systems, present new challenges to policymakers and regulators. Scientific research has played, and will continue to play, an essential part in solving environmental problems. Decisions based on incorrect or incomplete understanding of environmental systems will not achieve the greatest reduction of risk at the lowest cost. This volume describes a framework for acquiring the knowledge needed both to solve current recognized problems and to be prepared for the kinds of problems likely to emerge in the future. Many case examples are included to illustrate why some environmental control strategies have succeeded where others have fallen short and how we can do better in the future.
Author : Lawrence W. Reiter,Ken Sexton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : UOM:39015041094148
Author : Samuel G. Unger,David L. Jordening
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Water
ISBN : UCR:31210012798508