Promoting Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa

Author : Mr. Roberto Cardarelli,Ms. Mercedes Vera-Martín,Mr. Subir Lall
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400200038

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Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa by Mr. Roberto Cardarelli,Ms. Mercedes Vera-Martín,Mr. Subir Lall Pdf

Despite some pre-pandemic gains in poverty reduction, literacy, and lifespans, many economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have struggled to ensure that the benefits of economic development and diversification accrue equitably to all segments of their populations. Among the main issues that remain unresolved are the high share of inactive youth (who are not engaged in employment, education, or training); large gaps in economic opportunities for women; fragmented social protection systems; and underdeveloped private sectors with tight regulation, absence of a level playing field, and limited access to credit that stifle the creation of new firms and growth, employment, and incomes. The COVID-19 pandemic not only risks wiping out some of the progress made in the region over the past decades, but could also exacerbate inequality in a durable way. There is evidence that the impact of the pandemic has been uneven across groups, with the recession having a disproportionate effect on the low-skilled, the young, women, and migrant workers in employment and incomes. With widespread inequality, high unemployment, and the expected entry of 27 million young people into the labor force over the next 10 years, countries across the MENA region need to evolve their economic models to boost job creation and make sure that the benefits of economic development are shared more widely among all their citizens. This book’s objective is to reassess the inclusive growth agenda in the MENA region in light of the rapidly changing pandemic-influenced world. It argues that countries need to embrace global trade and technological advances and evolving demographics at home as an opportunity to successfully implement policies that foster higher and more inclusive growth. It underscores that a return to the old social contract is neither desirable nor feasible. The book presents a comprehensive view of policies suited to the regional context that would boost job-rich and inclusive growth within a resilient macroeconomic policy framework. Its goal is to provide guidance to policymakers in the region to frame how best to promote inclusive growth, including in their engagement with all stakeholders.

Author : MissCatriona Purfield,Mr.Harald Finger,Mrs.Karen Ongley,Mr.Benedicte Baduel,Carolina Castellanos,Ms.Gaelle Pierre,Vahram Stepanyan,Mr.Erik Roos
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484368558

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Opportunity for All by MissCatriona Purfield,Mr.Harald Finger,Mrs.Karen Ongley,Mr.Benedicte Baduel,Carolina Castellanos,Ms.Gaelle Pierre,Vahram Stepanyan,Mr.Erik Roos Pdf

This publication brings together a set of IMF papers that prepared as backgrounds for the various sessions of the conference and will help put into broader dissemination channels the results of this important conference. An official IMF publication is well disseminated into academic and institutional libraries and book channels. The IMF metadata will also make the conference papers more discoverable online.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781484368633

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Opportunity for All by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This publication brings together a set of IMF papers that prepared as backgrounds for the various sessions of the conference and will help put into broader dissemination channels the results of this important conference. An official IMF publication is well disseminated into academic and institutional libraries and book channels. The IMF metadata will also make the conference papers more discoverable online.

Author : Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Marco Ranzani,Nistha Sinha,Adam Elsheikhi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464819896

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Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo,Marco Ranzani,Nistha Sinha,Adam Elsheikhi Pdf

The long-standing informality debate in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has taken on a new urgency as it looks for a pathway to more socially inclusive growth that is less reliant on fossil fuels. This is occurring against a backdrop of subpar labor market outcomes, further growth setbacks, and deteriorating fiscal and current account deficits in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic--and in the wake of high inflation and supply chain disruptions triggered by the Russian Federation-Ukraine war. 'Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa' aims to better understand the characteristics and incentive structure that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in three MENA countries--the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The report breaks new ground by adopting a comprehensive perspective to focus on the features of, and interrelationships among, different aspects of these countries' institutional landscapes to make sense of the complex incentive structure that workers and firms face when deciding between formal and informal options. Specifically, the report groups these issues in three broad realms: (1) entrepreneur-worker relations, (2) taxes and transfers, and (3) market conditions. 'This report is an extremely welcome addition to the literature on MENA labor markets. By analyzing the incentive structure and institutional factors that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, it points the way to policy actions that can be taken to reduce informality and increase social protection for workers. It is a must-read for anyone who cares about greater economic inclusion in MENA.' --Ragui Assaad, Professor, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota 'A compelling account of the implications of informality in the workforce and how economies of MENA can design appropriate policy responses. This timely report comes amid multiple social reforms in MENA and is a must-read for policy practitioners and economists in the region.' --Karim El Aynaoui, Executive President, Policy Center for the New South 'This report is particularly timely given the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent crises have had on living standards and poverty rates around the world and especially in MENA countries. While the focus on boosting growth and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has revolved around financing, the report sheds new light on the benefits that tackling informality through institutional, regulatory, and policy changes could present to achieving these goals.' --Mahmoud Mohieldin, Executive Director, International Monetary Fund

Author : Mr.Rabah Arezki,Mr.Mustapha K. Nabli
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781475553628

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Natural Resources, Volatility, and Inclusive Growth by Mr.Rabah Arezki,Mr.Mustapha K. Nabli Pdf

This paper takes stock of the economic performance of resource rich countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over the past forty years. While those countries have maintained high levels of income per capita, they have performed poorly when going beyond the assessment based on standard income level measures. Resource rich countries in MENA have experienced relatively low and non inclusive economic growth as well as high levels of macroeconomic volatility. Important improvements in health and education have taken place but the quality of the provision of public goods and services remains an important source of concerns. Looking forward we argue that the success of economic reforms in MENA rests on the ability of those countries to invest boldly in building inclusive institutions as well as high levels of human capacity in public administrations.

Author : Mohamed Sami Ben Ali
Publisher : Springer
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2016-01-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137480668

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Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa by Mohamed Sami Ben Ali Pdf

Using cases on individual countries, Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa offers diverse theoretical and empirical evidence on a variety of issues facing policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders in the region.

Author : Roberta Gatti,Matteo Morgandi,Rebekka Grun,Stefanie Brodmann,Juan Manuel Moreno,Daniela Marotta,Marc Schiffbauer,Elizabeth Mata Lorenzo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397206

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Jobs for Shared Prosperity by Roberta Gatti,Matteo Morgandi,Rebekka Grun,Stefanie Brodmann,Juan Manuel Moreno,Daniela Marotta,Marc Schiffbauer,Elizabeth Mata Lorenzo Pdf

In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, when thousands of young women and men fought for the opportunity to realize their aspirations and potential, the question of jobs continues to be crucial in the Middle East and North Africa region. This report uses jobs as a lens to weave together the complex dynamics of employment creation, skills supply, and the institutional environment of labor markets. Consistent with the framework of the 2013 World Development Report on jobs, of which this report is the regional companion, this work goes beyond the traditional links between jobs, productivity, and living standards to include an understanding of how jobs matter for individual dignity and expectations—an aspect that was clearly central to the Arab Spring. Just as important, this report complements the economic perspective with an analysis of political economy equilibrium, with a view to identifying mechanisms that would trigger a reform process. As such, the report has three objectives: First, it seeks to provide an in-depth characterization of the dynamics of labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa and to analyze the barriers to the creation of more and better jobs. It does so by taking a cross-sectoral approach and identifying the distortions and incentives that the many actors—firms, governments, workers, students, education, and training systems—currently face, and which ultimately determine the equilibrium in labor markets. Second, the report proposes a medium term roadmap of policy options that could promote the robust and inclusive growth needed to tackle the structural employment challenge for the region. Third, the report aims to inform and open up a platform for debate on jobs among a broad set of stakeholders, with the ultimate goal of contributing to reach a shared view of the employment challenges and the reform path ahead.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-28
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814471657

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Challenges of Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa Region by Anonim Pdf

Author : Roberta Gatti,Diego F. Angel-Urdinola,Joana Silva,András Bodor
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821395363

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Striving for Better Jobs by Roberta Gatti,Diego F. Angel-Urdinola,Joana Silva,András Bodor Pdf

While economic growth has been sustained for a number of years in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating low-quality, informal jobs. While there is a great deal of heterogeneity across countries, informality in MENA is widespread, and some countries in the region are amongst the most informal economies in the world. The book looks at informality through a human development angle and focuses specifically on informal employment. In line with this approach, the working definition for informality adopted in the book is “lack of social security coverage” (usually understood as pensions, or if a pension system does not exist, as health insurance), which captures well the vulnerability associated with informal employment. Informal workers in MENA are generally engaged in low productivity jobs - more so than in comparator countries -, are paid less for otherwise similar work in the formal sector, and self-report low levels of satisfaction at work. Also, informal workers in MENA face important mobility barriers into formal employment and thus lack of social security coverage against health, unemployment, and old-age risks. Formal employment in the MENA region is strongly associated with public sector employment. Opportunities for formal employment in the private sector in the region remain very limited. The book identifies 5 strategic directions to promote long-term inclusive growth and formality, namely: (i) fostering competition; (ii) realigning incentives in the public sector; (iii) moving towards labor regulations that promote labor mobility and provide support to workers in periods of transition; (iv) enhancing the productivity of informal workers through training and skills upgrading; and (v) reforming existing social insurance systems and introduce new instruments for coverage extension. This book is addressed to policy makers, academics, and practitioners who wish to understand the phenomenon of informal employment, and policy options for promoting more inclusive and productive labor market opportunities.

Author : Julia Devlin
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789812793447

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Challenges of Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa Region by Julia Devlin Pdf

development, political scientists and development practitioners." --Book Jacket.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264473041

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Middle East and North Africa Investment Policy Perspectives by OECD Pdf

Middle East and North Africa Investment Policy Perspectives highlights the considerable progress in investment policies made by the region’s governments over the past decade. Yet, the reform momentum needs to be sustained and deepened for the benefits of investment to be shared with society at large and for growth to be sustainable, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global economic upheaval.

Author : Mr.Christopher J. Jarvis,Ms.Gaelle Pierre,Mr.Benedicte Baduel,Dominique Fayad,Alexander de Keyserling,Mr.Babacar Sarr,Mariusz A. Sumlinski
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 151352075X

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Economic Governance Reforms to Support Inclusive Growth in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia by Mr.Christopher J. Jarvis,Ms.Gaelle Pierre,Mr.Benedicte Baduel,Dominique Fayad,Alexander de Keyserling,Mr.Babacar Sarr,Mariusz A. Sumlinski Pdf

This IMF Departmental Paper presents the key areas in which countries of the Middle East, North Africa, and the Caucasus and Central Asia (MECA) can enhance governance and fight corruption to achieve their economic policy goals. It draws on advances that have already taken hold in the region.

Author : Mustapha Kamel Nabli
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821374160

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Breaking the Barriers to Higher Economic Growth by Mustapha Kamel Nabli Pdf

The world's attention to the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has often been dominated by headline issues: conflict, sanctions, political turmoil, and rising oil prices. Little of this international attention has considered the broad range of development challenges facing this diverse group of countries. Breaking the Barriers reflects the collected thinking of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the MENA Region on the long-term development challenges facing the region and the reform priorities and strategies for effectively meeting these challenges. It.

Author : Joana Silva,Victoria Levin,Matteo Morgandi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397718

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Inclusion and Resilience by Joana Silva,Victoria Levin,Matteo Morgandi Pdf

Inclusion and Resilience has two broad objectives. The study seeks first to enhance knowledge about the current state of existing social safety nets (SSNs) in the Middle East and North Africa, assessing their effectiveness by bringing together new evidence, data, and country-specific analysis. Second, it proposes an open and informed debate on feasible policy options for making SSNs more effective and responsive to the population's needs. In order to do this, the authors illustrate how the main goals for SSNs-promoting social inclusion, better livelihood, and resilience to shocks-have already been achieved in some parts of the region, notwithstanding huge challenges. They also identify the groups that regional SSNs should make a priority: children and people living in rural and lagging areas. The study relies on newly collected data on citizens' preferences concerning redistribution and SSN design, discussing how political economy considerations could be taken into account in designing better SSNs, and proposing an agenda for reform, using global experiences and the new evidence presented in the book itself.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821378892

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From Privilege to Competition by World Bank Pdf

'From Privilege to Competition: Unlocking Private-Led Growth in the Middle East and North Africa' sheds new light on the difficult quest for stronger and more diversified growth in a region of unquestionable potential. It underlines the need to strengthen reforms in many areas specifically, by reducing policy uncertainty and improving credit and real estate markets. It also highlights other important issues that restrain the credibility and impact of reforms in many parts of the region: conflicts of interest between politicians and businesses, an investment climate that favors a few privileged firms, and a dominant private sector that often opposes reforms. The book recommends that countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) engage in more credible reform agendas by improving the implementation of policies in a manner that will reduce discretion and privileges. This renewed commitment to stronger growth would entail several developments. First, governments will need to reduce opportunities for rent-seeking and foster competition. Second, they will need to work to reform institutions: private sector development policies will need to be systematically anchored in elements of institutional and public sector reforms in order to reduce discretion and opacity and improve the quality of services to firms. Third, they will need to mobilize all stakeholders, including larger representations from the private sector, around dedicated long-term growth strategies. Short of such a fundamental shift in the way private sector policies are formulated and implemented, investor expectations that governments are committed to reform will be limited. It will take political will and time to support sustained reforms that credibly convince investors and the public that changes are real, deep, and set to last. MENA countries are endowed with strong human capital, good infrastructure, immense resources, and a great deal of untapped creativity and entrepreneurship. The economic and social payoff of embarking on a more ambitious private-led growth agenda could thus be immense for all.