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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Information resources management
ISBN : RUTGERS:33008005778992
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Decision Making Under Uncertainty
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309290234
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is one of several federal agencies responsible for protecting Americans against significant risks to human health and the environment. As part of that mission, EPA estimates the nature, magnitude, and likelihood of risks to human health and the environment; identifies the potential regulatory actions that will mitigate those risks and protect public health1 and the environment; and uses that information to decide on appropriate regulatory action. Uncertainties, both qualitative and quantitative, in the data and analyses on which these decisions are based enter into the process at each step. As a result, the informed identification and use of the uncertainties inherent in the process is an essential feature of environmental decision making. EPA requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a committee to provide guidance to its decision makers and their partners in states and localities on approaches to managing risk in different contexts when uncertainty is present. It also sought guidance on how information on uncertainty should be presented to help risk managers make sound decisions and to increase transparency in its communications with the public about those decisions. Given that its charge is not limited to human health risk assessment and includes broad questions about managing risks and decision making, in this report the committee examines the analysis of uncertainty in those other areas in addition to human health risks. Environmental Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty explains the statement of task and summarizes the findings of the committee.
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities for Environmental Decision Making
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2005-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309095402
With the growing number, complexity, and importance of environmental problems come demands to include a full range of intellectual disciplines and scholarly traditions to help define and eventually manage such problems more effectively. Decision Making for the Environment: Social and Behavioral Science Research Priorities is the result of a 2-year effort by 12 social and behavioral scientists, scholars, and practitioners. The report sets research priorities for the social and behavioral sciences as they relate to several different kinds of environmental problems.
Author : J. Loomis,Gloria Helfand
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2006-01-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780306480232
1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ANALYSIS: WHAT AND WHY? Why environmental policy analysis? Environmental issues are growing in visibility in local, national, and world arenas, as a myriad of human activities leads to increased impacts on the natural world. Issues such as climate change, endangered species, wilderness protection, and energy use are regularly on the front pages of newspapers. Governments at all levels are struggling with how to address these issues. Environmental policy analysis is intended to present the environmental and social impacts of policies, in the hope that better decisions will result when people have better information on which to base those decisions. Conducting environmental policy analysis requires people who understand what it is and how to do it. Interpreting it also requires those skills. We hope that this book will increase the abilities, both of analysts and of decision-makers, to understand and interpret the impacts of environmental policies. Policy analysis books almost invariably begin by pointing out that policy analysis can take many forms. This book is no different. As you will see in Chapter 1, we consider policy analysis to be information provided for the policy process. That information can take many forms, from sophisticated empirical analysis to general theoretical results, from summary statistics to game theoretic strategies.
Author : Cynthia H. Stahl,Alan J. Cimorelli
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030321307
This book exposes the barriers to inclusive and effective public policy making, which are the current decision making paradigm and commonly held ideas that reduce public policy problems to scientific and technical ones. Through both environmental policy and other decision making examples, readers are shown the commonalities of all decision making. Solution-oriented practitioners and stakeholders will find this book filling a conceptual and methodological gap in existing policy literature and practice. The authors deftly guide readers from post-normal science, wicked problems, and uncertainty concepts to a conceptually-grounded, practical implementation of a new approach, the open solution approach. The Multi-criteria Integrated Resource Assessment (MIRA) is described as the first generation methodology that fulfills the expectations for the inclusive, transparent, and learning-based open solutions approach. MIRA is a holistic package of concepts, methods and analytical tools that is designed to assess Decision Uncertainty, the combined uncertainties that include data, problem formulation, expert judgments, and stakeholder opinions. Introduction of the Requisite Steps, the common steps found in all decision making, provides the yardstick for evaluating a variety of decision making processes, decision tools, and commonly found indices such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average or the Newsweek Green Ranking of corporations. The use of anecdotes, policy stories, and case examples makes this a very readable and practical book for citizens and experts. With this book, readers are prepared to critically evaluate these common indices for their personal use as well as challenge policy processes as a stakeholder. For policy practitioners, this guidebook will become a rubric to ensure an effective public policy making process and to critically evaluate decision support tools.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264143
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Scientific Tools and Approaches for Sustainability,National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309312329
"Sustainability Concepts in Decision-Making: Tools and Approaches for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency examines scientific tools and approaches for incorporating sustainability concepts into assessments used to support EPA decision making. Using specific case studies, this report considers the application of analytic and scientific tools, methods, and approaches presented in the 2011 NRC report Sustainability and the U.S. EPA. This report examines both currently available and emerging tools, methods, and approaches to find those most appropriate for assessing and/or evaluating potential economic, social and environmental outcomes within an EPA decision context. Sustainability Concepts in Decision Making also discusses data needs and post-decision evaluation of outcomes on dimensions of sustainability. A broad array of sustainability tools and approaches are suitable for assessing potential environmental, social, and economic outcomes in EPA's decision-making context."--Publisher's description.
Author : Shabeg S. Sandhu,Laura Jackson,Kay Austin,Jeffrey Hyland,Brian D. Melzian,Kevin Summers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401149761
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program was created by EPA to develop the capability for tracking the changing conditions of our natural resources and to give environmental policy the advantages ofa sound scientific understanding of trends. Former EPA Administrators recognized early that contemporary monitoring programs could not even quantify simple unknowns like the number of lakes suffering from acid rain, let along determine if national control policies were benefiting these lakes. Today, adding to acidification impacts are truly complex problems such as determining the effects of climate change, of increases in ultraviolet light, toxic chemicals, eutrophication and critical habitat loss. Also today, the Government Performance and Results Act seeks to have agencies develop performance standards based on results rather than simply on levels of programmatic activities. The charge to EMAP of ecosystems is, therefore, the same today as it was a with respect to measuring the condition decade ago. We welcome the increasing urgency for sound scientific monitoring methods and data by efforts to protect and improve the environment. Systematic nationwide monitoring of natural resources is more than anyone program can accomplish, however. In an era of declining budgets, it is crucial that monitoring programs at all levels of government coordinate and share environmental data. EMAP resources are dwarfed by the more than $500 million spent on federal monitoring activities each year.
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-04
Category : Environmental protection
ISBN : UCR:31210012297733
Author : Task Force on a Canadian Information System for the Environment (Canada),David L. Johnston
Publisher : Hull, Quebec : The Task Force
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Environmental indicators
ISBN : MSU:31293020953471
The proposed Canadian Information System for the Environment (CISE) aims to ensure easy & timely access by decision makers, citizens, communities, and the private sector to the reliable information they need to make informed decisions relating to the environment. The introduction to this interim report explains the need for the CISE, the problems it will address, and the resulting benefits to Canadians. Chapter 2 lays out the basic foundations to guide the design & implementation of the CISE, including its principles & scope. Chapter 3 addresses the data resource infrastructure of the CISE and chapter 4 focusses on cross-cutting requirements that support an integrated & strategic approach to environmental management or are common across policy sectors. Chapter 5 addresses how data & information can be made accessible to information users, and considers methods of raising citizen awareness & encouraging involvement in environmental issues. The final chapter outlines future steps & the forthcoming consultations on the CISE. Appendices include descriptions of conceptual frameworks for the CISE and a preliminary analysis of current gaps in environmental information.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Law
ISBN : PSU:000045434877
Author : David V. Bates
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Decision making
ISBN : 0295973374
How democratic societies discover and deal with such health hazards is the theme of Environmental Health Risks and Public Policy. Often frightening in its direct recitation of medical evidence, always compelling as the work of a medical man deeply concerned with human health, it examines the ways in which science and public policy interact, sometimes to protect the public, sometimes to thwart prompt action.
Author : Mark Corrales,Michael Grant,Evelyn Chan
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2000-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780756702069
Presents quantitative nat. est. of the magnitude of transport's. impacts on the environ. It is the most comprehensive compilation of environmental and transport. data to date. Addresses all primary modes of transport. (highway, rail, aviation, and maritime transport) and all environ'l. media (air, water, and land resources), and covers the full "life-cycle" of transport., from construction of infrastructure and mfg. of vehicles to disposal of vehicles and parts. The impacts of transport. extend beyond the air quality impacts of vehicle travel. Presents a framework for developing various types of indicators and for categorizing transport. activities that affect the environ. Illustrated.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : UCBK:C101152864
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309085410
The purpose of this regional workshop in the Southeast was to broaden the environmental health perspective from its typical focus on environmental toxicology to a view that included the impact of the natural, built, and social environments on human health. Early in the planning, Roundtable members realized that the process of engaging speakers and developing an agenda for the workshop would be nearly as instructive as the workshop itself. In their efforts to encourage a wide scope of participation, Roundtable members sought input from individuals from a broad range of diverse fields-urban planners, transportation engineers, landscape architects, developers, clergy, local elected officials, heads of industry, and others. This workshop summary captures the discussions that occurred during the two-day meeting. During this workshop, four main themes were explored: (1) environmental and individual health are intrinsically intertwined; (2) traditional methods of ensuring environmental health protection, such as regulations, should be balanced by more cooperative approaches to problem solving; (3) environmental health efforts should be holistic and interdisciplinary; and (4) technological advances, along with coordinated action across educational, business, social, and political spheres, offer great hope for protecting environmental health. This workshop report is an informational document that provides a summary of the regional meeting.