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Thomas H. Schmidt,Theodore M. Dembroski,Gerhard Blümchen
Author : Thomas H. Schmidt,Theodore M. Dembroski,Gerhard Blümchen Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 628 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 9783642712340
Biological and Psychological Factors in Cardiovascular Disease by Thomas H. Schmidt,Theodore M. Dembroski,Gerhard Blümchen Pdf
An opening address should ask the right questions, which we expect to answer during the coming years. A good opening address should formu late hypotheses for falsification during the conference or in the near fu ture. Mter Dr. Groen's excellent lecture yesterday, I feel better about my task, because I feel I am not alone in asking the ten questions in my ab stract. It is an honor for me to give this short paper largely based on my expe riences during 15 years as medical director of a rehabilitation center in Ba varia, as a teacher at two medical schools in Munich and Innsbruck, and as an old-fashioned holistic cardiologist. However, it also is a difficult task for me because the subject of this conference concerning biobehavioral factors in coronary heart disease is controversial, not only in the medical society, but in my own mind as well. When I organized one of the first conferences on stress and coronary heart disease in West Germany in 1976, followed by conferences in 1979 and 1980, the semantic problems between physicians and psychologists were very significant. However, communication has improved in this area during the last decade. The most encouraging event in this field was a sym posium in May 1984 in Rotenburg/Fulda on the topic "Return to Work af ter Bypass Surgery", organized by a cardiac surgeon, Dr. Walter.
Psychological Factors and Cardiovascular Disorders by Leo Sher Pdf
Psychological factors significantly affect the cardiovascular system and play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. For the past several decades attention to the psychosocial and behavioural factors in cardiovascular disease has increased significantly. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to coronary heart disease as evidenced by data relating risk to depression, anxiety, personality factors and character traits, social isolation, and chronic life stress. When psychosocial stresses tend to cluster together, risk for cardiac events is often substantially elevated, equalling or exceeding that associated with standard biomedical risk factors for coronary disease such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Understanding the integration of the interactions among multiple psychological and biological factors in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and the development of cardiovascular disorders is an important challenge for future research. This book will contribute to this goal. The contributors to this book are the leading international experts in the field of the relation between psychological processes and cardiovascular disorders. This book will be of interest to physicians, psychologists, mental health counsellors, other clinicians, medical and psychology students, medical residents, and the general public.
Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Women by Kristina Orth-Gomér,Neil Schneiderman,Viola Vaccarino,Hans-Christian Deter Pdf
Not long ago, it was assumed that coronary heart disease mainly--or only--affected men. Now that CHD is recognized as a leading killer of women as well as men, numerous research studies have been made of its diverse presentations in women, causal factors, and possibilities for prevention and treatment. The expert contributions to Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Women span the results of this cross-disciplinary awareness. This progressive resource takes a three-dimensional approach to its subject, focusing on epidemiology and risk factors for heart disease in women, the psycho- and neurobiology of stress and coronary disease, and promising clinical interventions. Chapters identify and analyze multiple intersections of social, biological, and psychological factors in affecting women's heart health, from the social dimensions of depression to genetic/environmental interactions to the demands of balancing work and family. These wide-ranging findings will assist and motivate professionals in choosing and creating interventions, developing appropriate prevention strategies, and reducing gender-based disparities in health care. Among the topics covered: Enhancing women's heart health: a global perspective. Coronary heart disease in women: evolution of our knowledge. Gender observations on basic physiological stress mechanisms in men and women. Sleep as a means of recovery and restitution in women. LifeSkills training: benefiting both genders, for different reasons. Gender considerations in psychosocial-behavioral interventions for coronary heart disease. In particular this book will be helpful for cardiologists and other clinicians who may ask themselves why patients do not seem to make rational choices. "Why do patients not follow the advice they are offered?" is a common complaint. The role of psychosocial stress for patient compliance and adherence can be traced throughout the volume. It is emphasized in the chapters on psychosocial interventions along with other tangible and conceptual suggestions and experiences with psychosocial stress and life style change. Psychosocial Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Women offers a deep practical level of understanding of this epidemic to help expand the work of health and clinical psychologists, sociologists, cardiologists, primary care physicians, and epidemiologists.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 483 pages File Size : 52,9 Mb Release : 2010-06-29 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309157612
Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries Pdf
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), once thought to be confined primarily to industrialized nations, has emerged as a major health threat in developing countries. Cardiovascular disease now accounts for nearly 30 percent of deaths in low and middle income countries each year, and is accompanied by significant economic repercussions. Yet most governments, global health institutions, and development agencies have largely overlooked CVD as they have invested in health in developing countries. Recognizing the gap between the compelling evidence of the global CVD burden and the investment needed to prevent and control CVD, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) turned to the IOM for advice on how to catalyze change. In this report, the IOM recommends that the NHLBI, development agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and governments work toward two essential goals: creating environments that promote heart healthy lifestyle choices and help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and building public health infrastructure and health systems with the capacity to implement programs that will effectively detect and reduce risk and manage CVD. To meet these goals, the IOM recommends several steps, including improving cooperation and collaboration; implementing effective and feasible strategies; and informing efforts through research and health surveillance. Without better efforts to promote cardiovascular health, global health as a whole will be undermined.
Psychological Resources and Risk Factors in Coronary Heart Disease by Oskar Lundgren Pdf
There is strong evidence for the observation that psychological risk factors, such as depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and anxiety are associated with higher risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), and also contribute to a worse prognosis among CHD patients. Much less is known about psychological resources, such as Mastery, and their role in cardiovascular medicine. Although the current state of science about the importance of psychological factors has advanced during the last decades, the mental health status of patients is often neglected in clinical practice. The reason behind this gap is multifaceted, including unawareness of the current state of science among professionals and a lack of clear guideline, which in turn, results from a lack of evidence-based ways to address the issues. Furthermore, the measurement of psychological resources is complex and a debated topic in psychology. The aim of this thesis was to investigate: 1) If the use of inverted items in three questionnaires that measure psychological resources and risk factors represent a validity risk in the context of CHD. 2) If psychological resources and risk factors are independently associated with incidence in CHD. 3) If an eight-week course in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a feasible psychological intervention, as an addition to cardiac rehabilitation. 4) How CHD patients experience the practices of mindfulness and yoga in MBSR. In Study I and II, data from 1007 participants randomly selected from a Swedish community sample, aged 45-69 at baseline (50 % women), were analysed. To study the validity of the self-report instruments Mastery, Self-esteem and Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD), subscales with only positive and negative items were created. The new subscales were evaluated against three criterion measures; cross-sectional against each other and the circulatory marker of inflammation interleukine-6 (IL-6) (concurrent construct validity); prospectively against 8-year incidence in CHD (predictive validity), and in addition, a factor analysis was used to investigate construct dimensionality. The instruments seemed to be valid measures of psychological resources and risk factors in the context of CHD risk. The new subscales showed the same associations as the original scales, except for the positive items in CES-D. However, this did not have a major influence on the full scale. In Study II a prospective analysis of the impact of psychological factors on 8-year incidence in CHD was performed. The psychological resources Mastery and Self-esteem were negatively associated with CHD, also after adjustment for nine traditional cardiovascular risk factors in Cox proportional hazard models. The protective effect of the two resources, and the increased risk of Hopelessness, remained after adjustment for depressive symptoms. In Study III and IV, a group of CHD patients with depressive symptoms (n=79) was invited to participate in MBSR as a complement to cardiac rehabilitation. Twenty-four patients started MBSR and 16 completed it. The results were compared with a reference group (n=108) of patients from the same clinic, which showed stability in psychological variables over 12 months. MBSR was appreciated by the patients and improvements in psychological risk factors (e.g., depressive symptoms), and an increase in Mastery were observed. Study IV made use of a qualitative content analysis of diary entries written by patients immediately after practice sessions throughout MBSR. Participants described difficulties, both physical and psychological, during the whole course, but as the weeks passed they more frequently described an enhanced ability to concentrate, relax and deal with distractions. From the combined findings in Study III and IV, we conclude that MBSR could be a promising complement to cardiac rehabilitation for a selection of patients. The overall picture, emerging from this thesis, strengthens the argument that psychological factors should be recognized and addressed in clinical practice. It also encourages further studies of how psychological resources could be built, which could inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for CHD patients with psychological distress and also contribute to improved public health interventions.
Cardiovascular Disorders and Behavior by D. S. Krantz,A. Baum,J. E. Singer,Jerome L. Singer Pdf
First published in 1983. This is Volume III of the Handbook of Psychology and Health. Cardiovascular diseases are arguably the largest cause of death in the United States. This statement attests to the importance of understanding these disorders, in order to be able to prevent, ameliorate, and reduce the devastation which this set of diseases can cause. Cardiovascular disorders have also been the most intensely studied of those health hazards that have come to the attention of behavioral scientists. The many ways in which these problems are influenced by environmental, social, and behavioral factors have provided a fertile ground for study by investigators of many disciplines and persuasions. For these two reasons, it is appropriate that a volume in this series be directed toward the study of cardiovascular disease.
Psychocardiology by Christoph Herrmann-Lingen,Christian Albus,Georg Titscher Pdf
Psychosomatic diagnostics and therapy are of increasing importance in the acute treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases. The connection between heart disease and the psyche as well as the psychosocial concomitant symptoms is well documented. Contents: • Basics of cardiology and psychosomatic medicine; • Doctor-patient relationship; • Ethical issues, gender effects, psychocardiology along the lifespan; • Psychosomatic problem areas and comorbidities in coronary heart disease: Personality factors, risk behaviours, depression, anxiety disorders; • Specific problems in other cardiovascular diseases and treatment settings; • Diagnostics; • Interdisciplinary cooperation, treatment and rehabilitation; • Training courses in psychocardiology. The book offers cardiologists, internists, general practitioners, psychotherapists and psychologists all practice-relevant basics to be able to treat their patients in the best possible way. It is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book may read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Psychological Factors and Cardiovascular Disorders by Leo Sher Pdf
Psychiatric disorders and certain personality features are frequently associated with cardiovascular disorders. For the past several decades attention to the psychosocial and behavioural factors in cardiovascular disease has increased significantly. Understanding the integration of the interactions among multiple psychological and biological factors in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and the development of cardiovascular disorders is an important challenge for future research. This book will contribute to this goal. The contributors to this book are the leading international experts in the field of the relation between psychological processes and cardiovascular disorders. This important book will be of interest to physicians, psychologists, mental health counsellors, other clinicians, medical and psychology students, and medical residents.
Handbook of Psychocardiology by Marlies Alvarenga,Don Byrne Pdf
This handbook brings together the full weight of contemporary evidence bearing on what is now commonly termed “psycho-cardiology”. It focuses on the role of psycho-social factors in the genesis and clinical management of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The book constitutes a critically reviewed compendium of current knowledge in the area, coupled with guides to evidence-based best practice in the field of psycho-cardiology. The following categories are covered: Social/demographic risk for CVD, Personality and CVD risk, Stress and CVD risk, Psychopathology (particularly affective disorders) and CVD risk, The psychological management of those with clinical CVD, Psychology in the prevention of CVD. The book integrates the evidence into a compelling argument that clinicians, researchers and those in public health will discount the role of psychological factors in regard to CVD at their own peril. And importantly for clinicians charged with the care of patients with CVD, the book poses the argument that failure to recognize the links between psychological factors and CVD may well be at the considerable peril of those patients under their care.
Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Social Security Cardiovascular Disability Criteria
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Social Security Cardiovascular Disability Criteria Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 305 pages File Size : 45,5 Mb Release : 2010-11-04 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309163590
Cardiovascular Disability by Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on Social Security Cardiovascular Disability Criteria Pdf
The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus immediately qualify for benefits. In this report, the IOM makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity to determine disability benefits more quickly and efficiently using the Listings.
The Psychology of Cardiovascular Illness by Mark P. Blanchard,Steven Abell Pdf
This important book shows those working with clinical populations how to develop an understanding of the psychology of patients with cardiovascular problems to support appropriate medical care. An understanding of the psychological underpinnings of physical illness can alter the way clinicians conceptualize their patients and the communities they serve. Based on the latest research, this book offers suggestions about how to approach cardiovascular disease holistically in multidisciplinary medical settings with competence and professionalism in mind. With the escalating prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, this book flags the importance of understanding the psychological mechanisms at play in affected patients, highlighting the multifactorial pathways that lead to the development of physical health maladies and comorbid psychopathology. It describes the bidirectional relationship of cardiovascular disease with personality pathology and offers best practices in interacting between primary care, cardiology, psychologists, and other allied professionals. It also provides specific instruction about how to navigate the relationship with medical doctors while illustrating the unique ethical challenges or limitations of the health psychologist working with patients, their families, and providers in clinical practice. Moreover, it includes coverage of treatment plans taking into consideration individual differences in age, health status, and culture. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in furthering their knowledge about the complex interplay between cardiovascular problems and mental health conditions, especially clinical health psychologists who collaborate with social workers, primary care physicians, cardiologists, and surgeons alike.
