Ptolemaic Tradition And Islamic Innovation

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Ptolemaic Tradition and Islamic Innovation

Kushyar ibn Labban al-Jili
Ptolemaic Tradition and Islamic Innovation Book PDF

Author : Kushyar ibn Labban al-Jili
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 2503593410

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Ptolemaic Tradition and Islamic Innovation by Kushyar ibn Labban al-Jili Pdf

The Jāmi' Zīj (Comprehensive Zīj) was a highly popular Arabic astronomical handbook with tables written by the Iranian astronomer Kūshyār ibn Labbān al-Jīlī around the year 1000. It belonged to an important category of works, modelled after Ptolemy's Almagest and Handy Tables, that allowed the practising astronomer/astrologer to carry out all necessary calculations of arcs on the heavenly sphere and planetary positions, and ultimately to cast horoscopes. Around one hundred such works are extant, but only very few have been edited, translated or studied in detail. This book contains a full treatment of Book II of Kūshyār's astronomical handbook centred around a critical edition of all the mathematical tables and their paratexts. It sets new standards for the edition of such tables by designing new types of apparatus entries for related variants in the tabular values. The introductory part describes the eight surviving manuscripts that transmit Kūshyār's tables and establishes by a detailed survey that they represent at least three different versions of the Jāmi' Zīj that in all likelihood stem from Kūshyār himself. An extensive commentary with mathematical analyses uncovers numerous new details of the methods by which the tables were computed, the astronomical parameter values on which they were based, the sources for the tables, and their influence on later zījes. These results show how Kūshyār, on the one hand, stayed firmly within the framework of the Ptolemaic tradition, but on the other introduced several types of innovations that later became common in Arabic and Persian astronomical handbooks.

Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance

George Saliba
Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance Book PDF

Author : George Saliba
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262261128

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Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance by George Saliba Pdf

The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance. The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations—the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance. Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible.

World-maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca

David King
World maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca Book PDF

Author : David King
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004450738

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World-maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca by David King Pdf

Two remarkable Iranian world-maps were discovered in 1989 and 1995. Both are made of brass and date from 17th-century Iran. Mecca is at the centre and a highly sophisticated longitude and latitude grid enables the user to determine the direction and distance to Mecca for anywhere in the world between Andalusia and China. Prior to the discovery of these maps it was thought that such cartographic grids were conceived in Europe ca. 1910. This richly-illustrated book presents an overview of the ways in which Muslims over the centuries have determined the sacred direction towards Mecca (qibla) and then describes the two world-maps in detail. The author shows that the geographical data derives from a 15th-century Central Asian source and that the mathematics underlying the grid was developed in 9th-century Baghdad.

A Descriptive Catalogue of Indian Astronomical Instruments

Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma
A Descriptive Catalogue of Indian Astronomical Instruments Book PDF

Author : Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma
Publisher : tredition
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783748227830

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A Descriptive Catalogue of Indian Astronomical Instruments by Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma Pdf

The large masonry instruments designed by Sawai Jai Singh and erected in his five observatories in the early eighteenth century mark the culmination of a long process of development in astronomical instrumentation. But what kind of astronomical instruments were used in India before Jai Singh's time? Sanskrit texts on astronomy describe the construction and use of several types of instruments. Are any of these extant in museums? Such questions led me to an exploration of nearly a hundred museums and private collections in India, Europe and USA for about a quarter century. The present catalogue is the outcome of this exploration. This catalogue describes each instrument in the context of the related extant specimens, while laying special emphasis on the interplay between Sanskrit and Islamic traditions of instrumentation. Therefore, each instrument type is organized in a separate section identified by the letters of the alphabet. These sections begin with introductory essays on the history of the instrument type and its varieties, followed by a full technical description of every specimen, with art historical notes. Moreover, all engraved data are reproduced and interpreted as far as possible. In some 4300 pages, it contains 600 entries, with introductory essays and long extracts from two important Sanskrit texts, namely Mahendra Sūri's Yantrarāja and Padmanābha's Dhruvabhramādhikāra, along with English translations. Following a suggestion that a shorter version of the Catalogue, consisting of all the introductory essays and appendices, but excluding the catalogue proper, would be easier for the general reader to handle, this Abridged Version has been prepared. The pagination here remains the same as in the Catalogue. Those who wish to read about individual instruments can always consult the Catalogue.

The First Latin Treatise on Ptolemy's Astronomy

Henry Zepeda
The First Latin Treatise on Ptolemy s Astronomy Book PDF

Author : Henry Zepeda
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Almagesti minor
ISBN : 2503581374

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The First Latin Treatise on Ptolemy's Astronomy by Henry Zepeda Pdf

The Almagesti minor is one of the most important works of medieval astronomy. The Almagesti minor, probably written in northern France circa 1200, is a Latin summary of the first six books of Ptolemy's astronomical masterpiece, the Almagest. Also known to modern scholars as the Almagestum parvum, the Almagesti minor provides a clear example of how a medieval scholar understood Ptolemy's authoritative writing on cosmology, spherical astronomy, solar theory, lunar theory, and eclipses. The author incorporated the findings of astronomers of the Islamic world, such as al-Battāanīi, into the framework of Ptolemaic astronomy, and he altered the format and style of Ptolemy's astronomy in order to make it accord with the author's ideals of a mathematical science, which were primarily derived from Euclid's Elements. The Almagesti minor had a profound effect upon astronomical writing throughout the 13th-15th centuries, including the work of Georg Peurbach and Johannes Regiomontanus. In this first volume of the Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus series, Henry Zepeda offers not only a critical edition of this little-studied text, but also a translation of it into English, analysis of both the text and its geometrical figures, and a thorough study of the work's origins, sources, and long-lasting influence.

Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences

Everett Mendelsohn
Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Everett Mendelsohn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521524857

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Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences by Everett Mendelsohn Pdf

A collection of essays on the development of science and the history of ideas.

From Alexandria, Through Baghdad

Nathan Sidoli,Glen Van Brummelen
From Alexandria Through Baghdad Book PDF

Author : Nathan Sidoli,Glen Van Brummelen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642367366

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From Alexandria, Through Baghdad by Nathan Sidoli,Glen Van Brummelen Pdf

This book honors the career of historian of mathematics J.L. Berggren, his scholarship, and service to the broader community. The first part, of value to scholars, graduate students, and interested readers, is a survey of scholarship in the mathematical sciences in ancient Greece and medieval Islam. It consists of six articles (three by Berggren himself) covering research from the middle of the 20th century to the present. The remainder of the book contains studies by eminent scholars of the ancient and medieval mathematical sciences. They serve both as examples of the breadth of current approaches and topics, and as tributes to Berggren's interests by his friends and colleagues.

Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance

George Saliba
Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance Book PDF

Author : George Saliba
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262516150

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Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance by George Saliba Pdf

The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance. The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations—the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance. Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible.

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)

Josef Meri
Routledge Revivals Medieval Islamic Civilization 2006 Book PDF

Author : Josef Meri
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 546 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351668231

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Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006) by Josef Meri Pdf

Islamic civilization flourished in the Middle Ages across a vast geographical area that spans today's Middle and Near East. First published in 2006, Medieval Islamic Civilization examines the socio-cultural history of the regions where Islam took hold between the 7th and 16th centuries. This important two-volume work contains over 700 alphabetically arranged entries, contributed and signed by international scholars and experts in fields such as Arabic languages, Arabic literature, architecture, history of science, Islamic arts, Islamic studies, Middle Eastern studies, Near Eastern studies, politics, religion, Semitic studies, theology, and more. Entries also explore the importance of interfaith relations and the permeation of persons, ideas, and objects across geographical and intellectual boundaries between Europe and the Islamic world. This reference work provides an exhaustive and vivid portrait of Islamic civilization and brings together in one authoritative text all aspects of Islamic civilization during the Middle Ages. Accessible to scholars, students and non-specialists, this resource will be of great use in research and understanding of the roots of today's Islamic society as well as the rich and vivid culture of medieval Islamic civilization.

Islam and Science

Robert Morrison
Islam and Science Book PDF

Author : Robert Morrison
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2007-09-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135981143

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Islam and Science by Robert Morrison Pdf

This book is the first rigorous attempt to explain the cross-fertilization of scientific and religious thought in Islamic civilization. Winner of the Iranian World Prize for Book of the Year in Islamics Studies 2009

The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia

Mehdi Amin Razavi Aminrazavi,Seyyed Hossein Nasr
The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia Book PDF

Author : Mehdi Amin Razavi Aminrazavi,Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136781124

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The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia by Mehdi Amin Razavi Aminrazavi,Seyyed Hossein Nasr Pdf

This volume gathers together the numerous essays by the Iranian metaphysician and ontologist, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, on Islamic philosophers and the intricate relationship between Persian culture and its philosophical schools. Brought together into a single volume for the first time, these essays span four decades of Nasr's prolific and learned scholarship on the development of Islamic philosophy, as well as the general history of Islam, and expound his belief that philosophy is not merely a rational but a sacred activity.

Routledge Revivals: Medieval Science, Technology and Medicine (2006)

Thomas F. Glick,Steven J. Livesey,Faith Wallis
Routledge Revivals Medieval Science Technology and Medicine 2006 Book PDF

Author : Thomas F. Glick,Steven J. Livesey,Faith Wallis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351676175

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Routledge Revivals: Medieval Science, Technology and Medicine (2006) by Thomas F. Glick,Steven J. Livesey,Faith Wallis Pdf

First published in 2005, this encyclopedia demonstrates that the millennium from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance was a period of great intellectual and practical achievement and innovation. In Europe, the Islamic world, South and East Asia, and the Americas, individuals built on earlier achievements, introduced sometimes radical refinements and laid the foundations for modern development. Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This comprehensive resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. It also looks at the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted. Written by a select group of international scholars, this reference work will be of great use to scholars, students, and general readers researching topics in many fields, including medieval studies, world history, history of science, history of technology, history of medicine, and cultural studies.

Tradition, Transmission, Transformation

F. Jamil Ragep,Sally P. Ragep,Steven John Livesey
Tradition Transmission Transformation Book PDF

Author : F. Jamil Ragep,Sally P. Ragep,Steven John Livesey
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 634 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN : 9004101195

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Tradition, Transmission, Transformation by F. Jamil Ragep,Sally P. Ragep,Steven John Livesey Pdf

In this volume of conference papers originally presented at the University of Oklahoma, a distinguished group of scholars examines episodes in the transmission of premodern science and provides new insights into its cultural, philosophical and historical significance.

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine

Thomas F. Glick,Steven Livesey,Faith Wallis
Medieval Science Technology and Medicine Book PDF

Author : Thomas F. Glick,Steven Livesey,Faith Wallis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135459390

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Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine by Thomas F. Glick,Steven Livesey,Faith Wallis Pdf

Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine details the whole scope of scientific knowledge in the medieval period in more than 300 A to Z entries. This resource discusses the research, application of knowledge, cultural and technology exchanges, experimentation, and achievements in the many disciplines related to science and technology. Coverage includes inventions, discoveries, concepts, places and fields of study, regions, and significant contributors to various fields of science. There are also entries on South-Central and East Asian science. This reference work provides an examination of medieval scientific tradition as well as an appreciation for the relationship between medieval science and the traditions it supplanted and those that replaced it. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Routledge Encyclopedias of the Middle Ages website.

The Classical Tradition

Anthony Grafton,Glenn W. Most,Salvatore Settis
The Classical Tradition Book PDF

Author : Anthony Grafton,Glenn W. Most,Salvatore Settis
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 1188 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-25
Category : History
ISBN : 0674035720

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The Classical Tradition by Anthony Grafton,Glenn W. Most,Salvatore Settis Pdf

The legacy of ancient Greece and Rome has been imitated, resisted, misunderstood, and reworked by every culture that followed. In this volume, some five hundred articles by a wide range of scholars investigate the afterlife of this rich heritage in the fields of literature, philosophy, art, architecture, history, politics, religion, and science.