Ptolemy And The Foundations Of Ancient Mathematical Optics

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Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics

A. Mark Smith
Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics Book PDF

Author : A. Mark Smith
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0871698935

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Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics by A. Mark Smith Pdf

Contents: (I) Ancient Theories of Visual Perception: The Physics of Vision; The Physiology of Vision; The Psychology of Visual Perception; (II) Optics Proper: Analysis of Direct Vision: The Visual Cone; The Visual Perception of Physical Space; Binocular Vision; (III) Catoptrics: Analysis of Vision by Reflected Rays: The Law of Equal Angles; Multiple Reflections and Multiple Images; The Principles of Image-Location; Image-Formation and Distortion; Visual Effecs from Composite Mirrors; (IV) Dioptrics: Analysis of Vision by Deflected Rays: Observation and Explanation of the Phenomenon; Practical Application: The Problem of Atmospheric Refraction; Image-Location as a Function of the Shape of the Refracting Surface; Size-Distortion; (V) Analysis of the Rainbow and of Burning Mirrors; (VI) Conclusion. Illus.

Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean

Victor J. Katz
Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean Book PDF

Author : Victor J. Katz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2024-09-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780691202815

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Sourcebook in the Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean by Victor J. Katz Pdf

"In recent decades, there has been extensive research on Greek mathematics that has considerably enlarged the scope of this area of inquiry. Traditionally, "Greek mathematics" has referred to the axiomatic work of Archimedes, Apollonius, and others in the first three centuries BCE. However, there is a wide body of mathematical work that appeared in the eastern Mediterranean during the time it was under Greek influence (from approximately 400 BCE to 600 CE), which remains under-explored in the existing scholarship. This sourcebook provides an updated look at Greek mathematics, bringing together classic Greek texts with material from lesser-known authors, as well as newly uncovered texts that have been omitted in previous scholarship. The book adopts a broad scope in defining mathematical practice, and as such, includes fields such as music, optics, and architecture. It includes important sources written in languages other than Greek in the eastern Mediterranean area during the period from 400 BCE to 600 CE, which show some influence from Greek culture. It also includes passages that highlight the important role mathematics played in philosophy, pedagogy, and popular culture. The book is organized topically; chapters include arithmetic, plane geometry, astronomy, and philosophy, literature, and education. Within each chapter, the (translated) texts are organized chronologically. The book weaves together ancient commentary on classic Greek works with the works themselves to show how the understanding of mathematical ideas changed over the centuries"--

The Arrow of Love

Dana E. Stewart
The Arrow of Love Book PDF

Author : Dana E. Stewart
Publisher : Bucknell University Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 0838754805

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The Arrow of Love by Dana E. Stewart Pdf

In particular, optical imagery and paradigms afforded poets a new approach to the roles of the languishing male and his powerful beloved."--Jacket.

Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece

Nigel Wilson
Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece Book PDF

Author : Nigel Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136787997

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Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece by Nigel Wilson Pdf

Examining every aspect of the culture from antiquity to the founding of Constantinople in the early Byzantine era, this thoroughly cross-referenced and fully indexed work is written by an international group of scholars. This Encyclopedia is derived from the more broadly focused Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition, the highly praised two-volume work. Newly edited by Nigel Wilson, this single-volume reference provides a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the political, cultural, and social life of the people and to the places, ideas, periods, and events that defined ancient Greece.

Daughters of Hecate

Kimberly B. Stratton,Dayna S. Kalleres
Daughters of Hecate Book PDF

Author : Kimberly B. Stratton,Dayna S. Kalleres
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : History
ISBN : 9780195342710

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Daughters of Hecate by Kimberly B. Stratton,Dayna S. Kalleres Pdf

Interrogating the magic-gender connection / Kimberly B. Stratton -- From goddess to hag: the Greek and the Roman witch in classical literature / Barbette Stanley Spaeth -- "The most worthy of women is a mistress of magic": women as witches and ritual practitioners in I Enoch and rabbinic sources / Rebecca Lesses -- Gendering heavenly secrets?: women, angels, and the problem of misogyny and "magic" / Annette Yoshiko Reed -- Magic, abjection, and gender in Roman literature / Kimberly B. Stratton -- Magic accusations against women in Tacitus's Annals / Elizabeth Ann Pollard -- Drunken hags with amulets and prostitutes with erotic spells: the re-feminization of magic in late antique Christian homilies / Dayna S. Kelleres -- The bishop, the pope, and the prophetess: rival ritual experts in third century Cappadocia / Ayşe Tuzlak -- Living images of the divine: female theurgists in late antiquity / Nicola Denzley Lewis -- Sorceresses and sorcerers in early Christian tours of Hell / Kirsti Barrett Copeland -- The social context of women's erotic magic in antiquity / David Frankfurter -- Cheating women: curse tablets and Roman wives / Pauline Ripat -- Saffron, spices, and sorceresses: magic bowls and the Bavli / Yaakov Elman -- Victimology, or: how to deal with untimely death / Fritz Graf -- A Gospel amulet for Joannia (P. Oxy. VIII 1151) / Annemarie Luijendijk.

A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century

Olivier Darrigol
A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Olivier Darrigol
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191627453

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A History of Optics from Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century by Olivier Darrigol Pdf

This book is a long-term history of optics, from early Greek theories of vision to the nineteenth-century victory of the wave theory of light. It shows how light gradually became the central entity of a domain of physics that no longer referred to the functioning of the eye; it retraces the subsequent competition between medium-based and corpuscular concepts of light; and it details the nineteenth-century flourishing of mechanical ether theories. The author critically exploits and sometimes completes the more specialized histories that have flourished in the past few years. The resulting synthesis brings out the actors' long-term memory, their dependence on broad cultural shifts, and the evolution of disciplinary divisions and connections. Conceptual precision, textual concision, and abundant illustration make the book accessible to a broad variety of readers interested in the origins of modern optics.

Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition

Graham Speake
Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition Book PDF

Author : Graham Speake
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 2407 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-01-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135942137

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Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition by Graham Speake Pdf

Hellenism is the living culture of the Greek-speaking peoples and has a continuing history of more than 3,500 years. The Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition contains approximately 900 entries devoted to people, places, periods, events, and themes, examining every aspect of that culture from the Bronze Age to the present day. The focus throughout is on the Greeks themselves, and the continuities within their own cultural tradition. Language and religion are perhaps the most obvious vehicles of continuity; but there have been many others--law, taxation, gardens, music, magic, education, shipping, and countless other elements have all played their part in maintaining this unique culture. Today, Greek arts have blossomed again; Greece has taken its place in the European Union; Greeks control a substantial proportion of the world's merchant marine; and Greek communities in the United States, Australia, and South Africa have carried the Hellenic tradition throughout the world. This is the first reference work to embrace all aspects of that tradition in every period of its existence.

Space

Andrew Janiak
Space Book PDF

Author : Andrew Janiak
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199914111

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Space by Andrew Janiak Pdf

Recurrent questions about space have dogged philosophers since ancient times. Can an ordinary person draw from his or her perceptions to say what space is? Or is it rather a technical concept that is only within the grasp of experts? Can geometry characterize the world in which we live? What is God's relation to space? In Ancient Greece, Euclid set out to define space by devising a codified set of axioms and associated theorems that were then passed down for centuries, thought by many philosophers to be the only sensible way of trying to fathom space. Centuries later, when Newton transformed the 'natural philosophy' of the seventeenth century into the physics of the eighteenth century, he placed the mathematical analysis of space, time, and motion at the center of his work. When Kant began to explore modern notions of 'idealism' and 'realism,' space played a central role. But the study of space was transformed forever when, in 1915, Einstein published his general theory of relativity, explaining that the world is not Euclidean after all. This volume chronicles the development of philosophical conceptions of space from early antiquity through the medieval period to the early modern era. The chapters describe the interactions at different moments in history between philosophy and various other disciplines, especially geometry, optics, and natural science more generally. Fascinating central figures from the history of mathematics, science and philosophy are discussed, including Euclid, Plato, Aristotle, Proclus, Ibn al-Haytham, Nicole Oresme, Kepler, Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Berkeley, and Kant. As with other books in the series, shorter essays, or Reflections, enrich the volume by characterizing perspectives on space found in various disciplines including ecology, mathematics, sculpture, neuroscience, cultural geography, art history, and the history of science.

Foundations of Optical System Analysis and Design

Lakshminarayan Hazra
Foundations of Optical System Analysis and Design Book PDF

Author : Lakshminarayan Hazra
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 774 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781498744959

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Foundations of Optical System Analysis and Design by Lakshminarayan Hazra Pdf

Since the incorporation of scientific approach in tackling problems of optical instrumentation, analysis and design of optical systems constitute a core area of optical engineering. A large number of software with varying level of scope and applicability is currently available to facilitate the task. However, possession of an optical design software, per se, is no guarantee for arriving at correct or optimal solutions. The validity and/or optimality of the solutions depend to a large extent on proper formulation of the problem, which calls for correct application of principles and theories of optical engineering. On a different note, development of proper experimental setups for investigations in the burgeoning field of optics and photonics calls for a good understanding of these principles and theories. With this backdrop in view, this book presents a holistic treatment of topics like paraxial analysis, aberration theory, Hamiltonian optics, ray-optical and wave-optical theories of image formation, Fourier optics, structural design, lens design optimization, global optimization etc. Proper stress is given on exposition of the foundations. The proposed book is designed to provide adequate material for ‘self-learning’ the subject. For practitioners in related fields, this book is a handy reference. Foundations of Optical System Analysis and Synthesis provides A holistic approach to lens system analysis and design with stress on foundations Basic knowledge of ray and wave optics for tackling problems of instrumental optics Proper explanation of approximations made at different stages Sufficient illustrations for facilitation of understanding Techniques for reducing the role of heuristics and empiricism in optical/lens design A sourcebook on chronological development of related topics across the globe This book is composed as a reference book for graduate students, researchers, faculty, scientists and technologists in R & D centres and industry, in pursuance of their understanding of related topics and concepts during problem solving in the broad areas of optical, electro-optical and photonic system analysis and design.

How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap

Stephen R. Wilk
How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap Book PDF

Author : Stephen R. Wilk
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780199948017

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How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap by Stephen R. Wilk Pdf

A collection of engaging essays that discusses odd and unusual topics in optics

From Sight to Light

A. Mark Smith
From Sight to Light Book PDF

Author : A. Mark Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226528571

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From Sight to Light by A. Mark Smith Pdf

From its inception in Greek antiquity, the science of optics was aimed primarily at explaining sight and accounting for why things look as they do. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, the analytic focus of optics had shifted to light: its fundamental properties and such physical behaviors as reflection, refraction, and diffraction. This dramatic shift—which A. Mark Smith characterizes as the “Keplerian turn”—lies at the heart of this fascinating and pioneering study. Breaking from previous scholarship that sees Johannes Kepler as the culmination of a long-evolving optical tradition that traced back to Greek antiquity via the Muslim Middle Ages, Smith presents Kepler instead as marking a rupture with this tradition, arguing that his theory of retinal imaging, which was published in 1604, was instrumental in prompting the turn from sight to light. Kepler’s new theory of sight, Smith reveals, thus takes on true historical significance: by treating the eye as a mere light-focusing device rather than an image-producing instrument—as traditionally understood—Kepler’s account of retinal imaging helped spur the shift in analytic focus that eventually led to modern optics. A sweeping survey, From Sight to Light is poised to become the standard reference for historians of optics as well as those interested more broadly in the history of science, the history of art, and cultural and intellectual history.

Sight, Touch, and Imagination in Byzantium

Roland Betancourt
Sight Touch and Imagination in Byzantium Book PDF

Author : Roland Betancourt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-12
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781108424745

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Sight, Touch, and Imagination in Byzantium by Roland Betancourt Pdf

Studies the interrelation of sight, touch, and the imagination in ancient and medieval Greek theories of perception and cognition.

The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World

Paul Turquand Keyser,John Scarborough
The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World Book PDF

Author : Paul Turquand Keyser,John Scarborough
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1065 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199734146

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The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World by Paul Turquand Keyser,John Scarborough Pdf

With a focus on science in the ancient societies of Greece and Rome, including glimpses into Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China, 'The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World' offers an in depth synthesis of science and medicine circa 650 BCE to 650 CE. 0The Handbook comprises five sections, each with a specific focus on ancient science and medicine. The Handbook provides through each of its approximately four dozen essays, a synthesis and synopsis of the concepts and models of the various ancient natural sciences, covering the early Greek era through the fall of the Roman Republic, including essays that explore topics such as music theory, ancient philosophers, astrology, and alchemy.

What Did the Romans Know?

Daryn Lehoux
What Did the Romans Know Book PDF

Author : Daryn Lehoux
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226471150

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What Did the Romans Know? by Daryn Lehoux Pdf

What did the Romans know about their world? Quite a lot, as Daryn Lehoux makes clear in this fascinating and much-needed contribution to the history and philosophy of ancient science. Lehoux contends that even though many of the Romans’ views about the natural world have no place in modern science—the umbrella-footed monsters and dog-headed people that roamed the earth and the stars that foretold human destinies—their claims turn out not to be so radically different from our own. Lehoux draws upon a wide range of sources from what is unquestionably the most prolific period of ancient science, from the first century BC to the second century AD. He begins with Cicero’s theologico-philosophical trilogy On the Nature of the Gods, On Divination, and On Fate, illustrating how Cicero’s engagement with nature is closely related to his concerns in politics, religion, and law. Lehoux then guides readers through highly technical works by Galen and Ptolemy, as well as the more philosophically oriented physics and cosmologies of Lucretius, Plutarch, and Seneca, all the while exploring the complex interrelationships between the objects of scientific inquiry and the norms, processes, and structures of that inquiry. This includes not only the tools and methods the Romans used to investigate nature, but also the Romans’ cultural, intellectual, political, and religious perspectives. Lehoux concludes by sketching a methodology that uses the historical material he has carefully explained to directly engage the philosophical questions of incommensurability, realism, and relativism. By situating Roman arguments about the natural world in their larger philosophical, political, and rhetorical contexts, What Did the Romans Know? demonstrates that the Romans had sophisticated and novel approaches to nature, approaches that were empirically rigorous, philosophically rich, and epistemologically complex.

Aëtiana V (4 vols.)

Jaap Mansfeld,David Runia
A tiana V 4 vols Book PDF

Author : Jaap Mansfeld,David Runia
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 2381 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004428409

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Aëtiana V (4 vols.) by Jaap Mansfeld,David Runia Pdf

A new reconstruction and edition of the Placita of Aëtius (ca. 50 CE), arguably the most important work of ancient doxography covering the entire field of natural philosophy. Accompanied by a full commentary, it replaces the seminal edition of Herman Diels (1879).