Public Trust In Medical Research

Author : Philip Cheung
Publisher : Radcliffe Publishing
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical ethics
ISBN : 9781846191794

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Public Trust in Medical Research? by Philip Cheung Pdf

It has been claimed by fertility experts that embryos can be screened for 6,000 diseases, thereby the risk of x-linked diseases can be minimised by 'cherry-picking' male embryos that do not carry the abnormal gene. If medical scientists continue to strive for cures, genetic aberrance in human could be a phenomenon of the past...This challenging book explores issues of professional integrity and ethics underpinning medical research. It includes real-life case studies where public trust in medical research has been misplaced and encourages medical professionals to adhere to professional codes of conduct and be informed about their decision making process. It is vital reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine, law, sociology and social policy, philosophy, health related research and ethics. Practising researchers in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, and their managers will find it invaluable. The text provides motivation for academics and educators with an interest in research and governance. Healthcare policy makers and shapers, patient rights groups, campaigners and the general media will find the information enlightening. "Over the last four decades, medicine has given hope to many people and saved many lives as a result of the ability of the physicians and surgeons to develop new treatments and innovative surgical techniques. While we can celebrate the success of medical science, we should also critically examine some of these developments against principles and in the light of public opinion." - Philip Cheung.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2009-09-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309145442

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Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice Pdf

Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309377959

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Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences Pdf

Does the public trust science? Scientists? Scientific organizations? What roles do trust and the lack of trust play in public debates about how science can be used to address such societal concerns as childhood vaccination, cancer screening, and a warming planet? What could happen if social trust in science or scientists faded? These types of questions led the Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a 2-day workshop on May 5-6, 2015 on public trust in science. This report explores empirical evidence on public opinion and attitudes toward life sciences as they relate to societal issues, whether and how contentious debate about select life science topics mediates trust, and the roles that scientists, business, media, community groups, and other stakeholders play in creating and maintaining public confidence in life sciences. Does the Public Trust Science? Trust and Confidence at the Interfaces of the Life Sciences and Society highlights research on the elements of trust and how to build, mend, or maintain trust; and examine best practices in the context of scientist engagement with lay audiences around social issues.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309124997

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Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule Pdf

In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309316323

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Sharing Clinical Trial Data by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data Pdf

Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research--from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.

Author : Philip Cheung
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Medical ethics
ISBN : 1315383187

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Public Trust in Medical Research? by Philip Cheung Pdf

Author : Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Clinical trials
ISBN : 0309297796

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Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing by Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data,Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy Pdf

Sharing data generated through the conduct of clinical trials offers the promise of placing evidence about the safety and efficacy of therapies and clinical interventions on a firmer basis and enhancing the benefits of clinical trials. Ultimately, such data sharing - if carried out appropriately - could lead to improved clinical care and greater public trust in clinical research and health care. Discussion Framework for Clinical Trial Data Sharing: Guiding Principles, Elements, and Activities is part of a study of how data from clinical trials might best be shared. This document is designed as a framework for discussion and public comment. This framework is being released to stimulate reactions and comments from stakeholders and the public. The framework summarizes the committee's initial thoughts on guiding principles that underpin responsible sharing of clinical trial data, defines key elements of clinical trial data and data sharing, and describes a selected set of clinical trial data sharing activities.

Author : David Pilgrim,Ivaylo Vassilev
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781350310834

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Examining Trust in Healthcare by David Pilgrim,Ivaylo Vassilev Pdf

On the part of the patient, healthcare demands unconditional trust in the professional. But what is the nature of this trust, and to what extent is it justified? How significant is the fallout when it is abused? Incorporating sociological, psychological and philosophical approaches, this book examines notions of trust in the self, others and systems in the field of healthcare. The text explores: - Rational and emotional aspects of trust power balances between the patient and healthcare professional - Historical crises of trust in healthcare, considering the impacts and - The lessons learned means of strengthening public trust in the healthcare system and its workforce - Distinctive in its breadth and coverage, Examining Trust in Healthcare - Provides a multidisciplinary perspective of a key element of patient care. This makes the book fundamental reading for students, academics and professionals across all branches of healthcare, as well as an important resource for those with professional and academic interests in the psychology and sociology of health.

Author : Laurie Garrett
Publisher : Hachette Books
Page : 1294 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-05-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781401303860

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Betrayal of Trust by Laurie Garrett Pdf

In this "meticulously researched" account (New York Times Book Review), a Pulitzer Prize-winning author examines the dangers of a failing public health system unequipped to handle large-scale global risks like a coronavirus pandemic. The New York Times bestselling author of The Coming Plague, Laurie Garrett takes on perhaps the most crucial global issue of our time in this eye-opening book. She asks: is our collective health in a state of decline? If so, how dire is this crisis and has the public health system itself contributed to it? Using riveting detail and finely-honed storytelling, exploring outbreaks around the world, Garrett exposes the underbelly of the world's globalization to find out if it can still be assumed that government can and will protect the people's health, or if that trust has been irrevocably broken. "A frightening vision of the future and a deeply unsettling one . . . a sober, scary book that not only limns the dangers posed by emerging diseases but also raises serious questions about two centuries' worth of Enlightenment beliefs in science and technology and progress." -- Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times

Author : Kieron O'Hara
Publisher : Icon Books
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004-02-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1840468173

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Trust by Kieron O'Hara Pdf

This book offers a popular, gripping account of the most vital political issue of the 21st century. From Aristotle to Francis Fukuyama, Machiavelli to Naomi Klein, the "Book of Job" to Blairite newspeak and from Enron to nanotechnology, Kieron O'Hara presents a lively exploration of trust. Essential for almost all social interaction, trust holds society together and makes co-operation possible. Ubiquitous, and yet deeply misunderstood, it can take years to build up, and after one false move can disappear overnight. Polls record levels of trust in politicians, businessmen, scientists and others that are at all time lows: a crisis in trust is currently gripping Western culture.O'Hara moves easily between the great philosophers and sociologists, and the impact of this crisis in our daily lives, animating theory with in-depth case studies, helping us make sense of the daily scares in our newspapers. Is trust declining? Should we be worried? What can we do about it? "Trust" gives few easy answers in this exhilarating ride through politics, literature, philosophy and history.

Author : Marty Makary
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-10
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781635574128

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The Price We Pay by Marty Makary Pdf

New York Times bestseller Business Book of the Year--Association of Business Journalists From the New York Times bestselling author comes an eye-opening, urgent look at America's broken health care system--and the people who are saving it--now with a new Afterword by the author. "A must-read for every American." --Steve Forbes, editor-in-chief, FORBES One in five Americans now has medical debt in collections and rising health care costs today threaten every small business in America. Dr. Makary, one of the nation's leading health care experts, travels across America and details why health care has become a bubble. Drawing from on-the-ground stories, his research, and his own experience, The Price We Pay paints a vivid picture of the business of medicine and its elusive money games in need of a serious shake-up. Dr. Makary shows how so much of health care spending goes to things that have nothing to do with health and what you can do about it. Dr. Makary challenges the medical establishment to remember medicine's noble heritage of caring for people when they are vulnerable. The Price We Pay offers a road map for everyday Americans and business leaders to get a better deal on their health care, and profiles the disruptors who are innovating medical care. The movement to restore medicine to its mission, Makary argues, is alive and well--a mission that can rebuild the public trust and save our country from the crushing cost of health care.

Author : Declan Fahy
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-06
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781442233430

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The New Celebrity Scientists by Declan Fahy Pdf

A new cultural icon strode the world stage at the turn of the twenty-first century: the celebrity scientist, as comfortable in Vanity Fair and Vogue as Smithsonian. Declan Fahy profiles eight of these eloquent, controversial, and compelling sellers of science to investigate how they achieved celebrity in the United States and internationally—and explores how their ideas influence our understanding of the world. Fahy traces the career trajectories of Richard Dawkins, Stephen Hawking, Steven Pinker, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Brian Greene, Stephen Jay Gould, Susan Greenfield, and James Lovelock. He demonstrates how each scientist embraced the power of promotion and popularization to stimulate thinking, impact policy, influence research, drive controversies, and mobilize social movements. He also considers critical claims that they speak beyond their expertise and for personal gain. The result is a fascinating look into how celebrity scientists help determine what it means to be human, the nature of reality, and how to prepare for society’s uncertain future.

Author : Michael Calnan,Rosemary Rowe
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008-08-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780335236381

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EBOOK: Trust Matters in Health Care by Michael Calnan,Rosemary Rowe Pdf

Does trust still matter in health care and who does it matter to? Have trust relations changed in the 'New' NHS? What does trust mean to patients, clinicians and managers? In the NHS trust has traditionally played an important part in the relationships between its three key actors: the state, health care practitioners and patients. However, in recent years the environments in which these relationships operate have been subject to considerable change as the NHS has been modernised. Patients are now expected to play a more active role, both in self-managing their illness and in choice of care provider and clinicians are expected to work in teams and in partnership with managers. This unique book explores the importance of trust, how it is lost and won and the extent to which trust relationships in health care may have changed. The book combines theoretical and empirical analysis, while also examining the role of policy. Calnan and Rowe analyse data collected from interviews with patients, health care professionals and managers in primary care and acute care settings. Among the issues covered are: The importance of trust to their relationships What constitutes high and low trust behaviour The changing nature of trust relations between patients, clinicians and managers How trust can be built and sustained How interpersonal trust affects institutional trust Trust Matters in Health Care is key reading for policy makers, health care professionals and managers in the public and private sector, and a useful resource for educators and students within health and social care and management studies.

Author : Maya J. Goldenberg
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0822966905

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Vaccine Hesitancy by Maya J. Goldenberg Pdf

The public has voiced concern over the adverse effects of vaccines from the moment Dr. Edward Jenner introduced the first smallpox vaccine in 1796. The controversy over childhood immunization intensified in 1998, when Dr. Andrew Wakefield linked the MMR vaccine to autism. Although Wakefield’s findings were later discredited and retracted, and medical and scientific evidence suggests routine immunizations have significantly reduced life-threatening conditions like measles, whooping cough, and polio, vaccine refusal and vaccine-preventable outbreaks are on the rise. This book explores vaccine hesitancy and refusal among parents in the industrialized North. Although biomedical, public health, and popular science literature has focused on a scientifically ignorant public, the real problem, Maya J. Goldenberg argues, lies not in misunderstanding, but in mistrust. Public confidence in scientific institutions and government bodies has been shaken by fraud, research scandals, and misconduct. Her book reveals how vaccine studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry, compelling rhetorics from the anti-vaccine movement, and the spread of populist knowledge on social media have all contributed to a public mistrust of the scientific consensus. Importantly, it also emphasizes how historical and current discrimination in health care against marginalized communities continues to shape public perception of institutional trustworthiness. Goldenberg ultimately reframes vaccine hesitancy as a crisis of public trust rather than a war on science, arguing that having good scientific support of vaccine efficacy and safety is not enough. In a fraught communications landscape, Vaccine Hesitancy advocates for trust-building measures that focus on relationships, transparency, and justice.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health,National Cancer Policy Forum,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309268745

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Sharing Clinical Research Data by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health,National Cancer Policy Forum,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Pdf

Pharmaceutical companies, academic researchers, and government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health all possess large quantities of clinical research data. If these data were shared more widely within and across sectors, the resulting research advances derived from data pooling and analysis could improve public health, enhance patient safety, and spur drug development. Data sharing can also increase public trust in clinical trials and conclusions derived from them by lending transparency to the clinical research process. Much of this information, however, is never shared. Retention of clinical research data by investigators and within organizations may represent lost opportunities in biomedical research. Despite the potential benefits that could be accrued from pooling and analysis of shared data, barriers to data sharing faced by researchers in industry include concerns about data mining, erroneous secondary analyses of data, and unwarranted litigation, as well as a desire to protect confidential commercial information. Academic partners face significant cultural barriers to sharing data and participating in longer term collaborative efforts that stem from a desire to protect intellectual autonomy and a career advancement system built on priority of publication and citation requirements. Some barriers, like the need to protect patient privacy, pre- sent challenges for both sectors. Looking ahead, there are also a number of technical challenges to be faced in analyzing potentially large and heterogeneous datasets. This public workshop focused on strategies to facilitate sharing of clinical research data in order to advance scientific knowledge and public health. While the workshop focused on sharing of data from preplanned interventional studies of human subjects, models and projects involving sharing of other clinical data types were considered to the extent that they provided lessons learned and best practices. The workshop objectives were to examine the benefits of sharing of clinical research data from all sectors and among these sectors, including, for example: benefits to the research and development enterprise and benefits to the analysis of safety and efficacy. Sharing Clinical Research Data: Workshop Summary identifies barriers and challenges to sharing clinical research data, explores strategies to address these barriers and challenges, including identifying priority actions and "low-hanging fruit" opportunities, and discusses strategies for using these potentially large datasets to facilitate scientific and public health advances.