Quantification And Modelling Of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Urban Water Systems

Author : Liu Ye,Jose Porro,Ingmar Nopens
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1789060451

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Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems by Liu Ye,Jose Porro,Ingmar Nopens Pdf

With increased commitment from the international community to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all sectors in accordance with the Paris Agreement, the water sector has never felt the pressure it is now under to transition to a low-carbon water management model. This requires reducing GHG emissions from grid-energy consumption (Scope 2 emissions), which is straightforward; however, it also requires reducing Scope 1 emissions, which include nitrous oxide and methane emissions, predominantly from wastewater handling and treatment. The pathways and factors leading to biological nitrous oxide and methane formation and emissions from wastewater are highly complex and site-specific. Good emission factors for estimating the Scope 1 emissions are lacking, water utilities have little experience in directly measuring these emissions, and the mathematical modelling of these emissions is challenging. Therefore, this book aims to help the water sector address the Scope 1 emissions by breaking down their pathways and influencing factors, and providing guidance on both the use of emission factors, and performing direct measurements of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from sewers and wastewater treatment plants. The book also dives into the mathematical modelling for predicting these emissions and provides guidance on the use of different mathematical models based upon your conditions, as well as an introduction to alternative modelling methods, including metabolic, data-driven, and AI methods. Finally, the book includes guidance on using the modelling tools for assessing different operating strategies and identifying promising mitigation actions. A must have book for anyone needing to understand, account for, and reduce water utility Scope 1 emissions.

Author : Jose Porro,Liu Ye,Ingmar Nopens
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 1789060478

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Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems by Jose Porro,Liu Ye,Ingmar Nopens Pdf

Author : Stephen J. Del Grosso,Lajpat R. Ahuja,William J. Parton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780891183457

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Synthesis and Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Storage in Agricultural and Forest Systems to Guide Mitigation and Adaptation by Stephen J. Del Grosso,Lajpat R. Ahuja,William J. Parton Pdf

Crop, livestock, and forestry productions systems are important sources and sinks of greenhouses gases, but estimates of the magnitude of gas fluxes are more uncertain than those for other economic sectors such as transportation and electricity generation. Recent improvements in process-level un-derstanding, modeling software, and observational data used for model testing have increased the accuracy of model predictions, but substantial uncertainty remains, particularly regarding the potential for different management practices to mitigate emissions. The chapters in this volume demonstrate that both simple methods and complex models have strengths and limitations depending on stake-holder interest, scale of application, and other factors. Future improvement can be facilitated by or-ganizing model input and testing data into web-accessible databases and by making model algorithms more available and transparent.

Author : Joel Smith,Carol Howe,Jim Henderson,Casey Brown,M. Neil Ward,Charles B. Bott,Denny S. Parker,Chittaranjan Ray,Environmental Center,Christopher P. Higgins,Jonathan Sharp,Clemens von Sonntag,Urs von Gunten
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781843393047

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Climate Change and Water by Joel Smith,Carol Howe,Jim Henderson,Casey Brown,M. Neil Ward,Charles B. Bott,Denny S. Parker,Chittaranjan Ray,Environmental Center,Christopher P. Higgins,Jonathan Sharp,Clemens von Sonntag,Urs von Gunten Pdf

Understand the effects of climate change on urban water and wastewater utilities with this collection of international scientific papers. Case studies and practical planning, mitigating and adapting information provided on greenhouse gases, energy use, and water supply and quality issues. This title is co-published with the American Water Works Association.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309162357

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Modeling the Economics of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences Pdf

Models are fundamental for estimating the possible costs and effectiveness of different policies for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is a wide array of models to perform such analysis, differing in the level of technological detail, treatment of technological progress, spatial and sector details, and representation of the interaction of the energy sector to the overall economy and environment. These differences impact model results, including cost estimates. More fundamentally, these models differ as to how they represent fundamental processes that have a large impact on policy analysis-such as how different models represent technological learning and cost reductions that come through increasing production volumes, or how different models represent baseline conditions. Reliable estimates of the costs and potential impacts on the United States economy of various emissions reduction and other mitigation strategies are critical to the development of the federal climate change research and development portfolio. At the request of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Academies organized a workshop, summarized in this volume, to consider some of these types of modeling issues.

Author : Matthew John Franchetti,Defne Apul
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-06-18
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781439857830

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Carbon Footprint Analysis by Matthew John Franchetti,Defne Apul Pdf

The negative impacts of carbon emissions from human activities continue to dramatically reshape the environmental, political, and social landscape. These impacts coupled with cap and trade schemes iterate the importance and need to properly measure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon Footprint Analysis: Concepts, Methods, Implementation, and Case Studies provides up-to-date technical information and practical guidance on measuring and reducing energy and GHG emissions. Presenting a comprehensive framework for carbon management, this book: Provides definitions, concepts, benefits, and background information regarding carbon footprint analyses Discusses the GHG accounting methods Outlines the general systems framework for conducting an audit Features four case studies in higher education, service, and manufacturing organizations The book includes detailed discussions of the concepts and explains how the different concepts fit together. It supplies the necessary background as well as systematic tools and procedures for organizations to measure and reduce their carbon footprints and begin to adapt to a carbon-constrained world.

Author : Xinmin Zhan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : City planning
ISBN : 1523123311

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Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants by Xinmin Zhan Pdf

Annotation Advanced wastewater treatment processes and novel technologies are adopted to improve nutrient removal from wastewater so as to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are one of the major contributors to the increase in the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies. Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarises the recent development in studies of greenhouse gases' (CH4 and N2O) generation and emission in municipal wastewater treatment plants. It introduces the concepts of direct emission and indirect emission, and the mechanisms of GHG generations in wastewater treatment plants' processing units. The book explicitly describes the techniques used to quantify direct GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants and the protocol used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate GHG emission due to wastewater treatment in the national GHG inventory. Finally, the book explains the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy and chemical usage in municipal wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the strategies to mitigate GHG emissions are discussed. The book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas; for researchers in the relevant areas; and for professional reference by water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.

Author : Narasinha Shurpali,Avinash Kumar Agarwal,VK Srivastava
Publisher : Springer
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811332722

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Narasinha Shurpali,Avinash Kumar Agarwal,VK Srivastava Pdf

This book covers the exchange of greenhouse gases in various ecosystems, biomes and climatic zones, and discusses the measurement, modelling and processes involved in these exchange dynamics. It reflects the growing body of knowledge on the characterization, feedback processes and interaction of greenhouse gases with ecosystems and the impact of human activities. Offering a compilation of selected case studies prepared by international researchers working in the field, it represents a valuable resource for researchers and students alike.

Author : Kees van Leeuwen,Jan Hofman,Peter Driessen,Jos Frijns
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039211500

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The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities by Kees van Leeuwen,Jan Hofman,Peter Driessen,Jos Frijns Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue The Challenges of Water Management and Governance in Cities that was published in Water

Author : Saurabh Sonwani,Pallavi Saxena
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811644825

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Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation by Saurabh Sonwani,Pallavi Saxena Pdf

This book begins with a brief background on greenhouse gases sources and sinks and continues with a discussion in different sectors including forest fluxes to human health and modeling techniques to policy measures. The chapters explore in detail about the GHG emission budgets, mitigation strategies, technical advancement and input-output analysis. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) occur naturally in our atmosphere and are essential to the survival of most of the organisms on the planet earth. GHGs such as such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone etc. play a major role in balancing the radiative budget, by absorbing or emitting some of the infrared rays reflecting from the earth’s surface. But unfortunately, anthropogenic activities like use of fossil fuel, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, use of synthetic fertilizers, deforestation, and industrial processes etc. have drastically interfered in the natural air composition, by releasing excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This has led to the increase in the ability of the atmosphere to absorb more infrared energy. This book is a complete information set covering all aspects of GHGs, sources, sinks and control/mitigation strategies. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. The book is a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Ecology, Biological Science, Economics and Agriculture. It is unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in climate change studies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).

Author : A. Tremblay,Louis Varfalvy,Charlotte Roehm,Michelle Garneau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 743 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540266433

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Fluxes and Processes by A. Tremblay,Louis Varfalvy,Charlotte Roehm,Michelle Garneau Pdf

In a time when an unquestionable link between anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and climatic changes has finally been acknowledged and * widely documented through IPCC reports, the need for precise estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) production rates and emissions from natural as well as managed ecosystems has risen to a critical level. Future agreements between nations concerning the reduction of their GHG emissions will - pend upon precise estimates of the present level of these emissions in both natural and managed terrestrial and aquatic environments. From this viewpoint, the present volume should prove to a benchmark contribution because it provides very carefully assessed values for GHG emissions or exchanges between critical climatic zones in aquatic en- ronments and the atmosphere. It also provides unique information on the biases of different measurement methods that may account for some of the contradictory results that have been published recently in the literature on this subject. Not only has a large array of current measurement methods been tested concurrently here, but a few new approaches have also been developed, notably laser measurements of atmospheric CO concentration 2 gradients. Another highly useful feature of this book is the addition of - nitoring and process studies as well as modeling.

Author : Jonathan L. Ramseur,Larry Parker,Brent D. Yacobucci
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Science
ISBN : 1604566272

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Greenhouse Gases by Jonathan L. Ramseur,Larry Parker,Brent D. Yacobucci Pdf

Instituting policies to manage or reduce GHGs would likely impact different states differently. Understanding these differences may provide for a more informed debate regarding potential policy approaches. However, multiple factors play a role in determining impacts, including alternative design elements of a GHG emissions reduction program, the availability and relative cost of mitigation options, and the regulated entities' abilities to pass compliance costs on to consumers. Three primary variables drive a state's human-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels: population, per capita income, and the GHG emissions intensity. GHG emissions intensity is a performance measure. In this book, GHG intensity is a measure of GHG emissions from sources within a state compared with a state's economic output (gross state product, GSP). The GHG emissions intensity driver stands apart as the main target for climate change mitigation policy, because public policy generally considers population and income growth to be socially positive. The intensity of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions largely determines overall GHG intensity, because CO2 emissions account for 85% of the GHG emissions in the United States. As 98% of U.S. CO2 emissions are energy-related, the primary factors that shape CO2 emissions intensity are a state's energy intensity and the carbon content of its energy use. Energy intensity measures the amount of energy a state uses to generate its overall economic output (measured by its GSP). Several underlying factors may impact a state's energy intensity: a state's economic structure, personal transportation use in a state (measured in vehicle miles travelled per person), and public policies regarding energy efficiency. The carbon content of energy use in a state is determined by a state's portfolio of energy sources. States that utilise a high percentage of coal, for example, will have a relatively high carbon content of energy use, compared to states with a lower dependence on coal. An additional factor is whether a state is a net exporter or importer of electricity, because CO2 emissions are attributed to electricity-producing states, but the electricity is used (and counted) in the consuming state. Between 1990 and 2000, the United States reduced its GHG intensity by 1.6% annually. Assuming that population and per capita income continue to grow as expected, the United States would need to reduce its GHG intensity at the rate of 3% per year in order to halt the annual growth in GHG emissions. Therefore, achieving reductions (or negative growth) in GHG emissions would necessitate further declines in GHG intensity.

Author : Todd S. Rosenstock,Mariana C. Rufino,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,Lini Wollenberg,Meryl Richards
Publisher : Springer
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319806564

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Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture by Todd S. Rosenstock,Mariana C. Rufino,Klaus Butterbach-Bahl,Lini Wollenberg,Meryl Richards Pdf

​​This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.

Author : Adriane Brotto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 184057903X

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Quantifying and Reducing Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste and Water Treatment Processes - Phase 1 by Adriane Brotto Pdf

Author : Barbara V. Braatz,B.P. Jallow,S. Molnár,D. Murdiyarso,M. Perdomo,John F. Fitzgerald
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401717229

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Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories by Barbara V. Braatz,B.P. Jallow,S. Molnár,D. Murdiyarso,M. Perdomo,John F. Fitzgerald Pdf

International concern for the continued growth of greenhouse gas emissions, and the potentially damaging consequences of resultant global climate change, led to the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by 155 nations at the Earth Summit in June 1992. The Convention came into force on 21 March 1994, three months after receiving its 50th ratification. All Parties to the Convention are required to compile, periodically update, and publish national inventories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and sinks using comparable methodologies. In support of this process, the US Country Studies Program (US CSP) is providing financial and technical assistance to 56 developing and transition countries for conducting national inventories. This book presents the results of preliminary national inventories prepared by countries participating in the US CSP that are ready to share their interim findings. In some cases, inventories were prepared with support from other organizations. Preliminary inventories of twenty countries in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States, and Latin America are presented, as well as regional and global syntheses of the national results. The regional and global syntheses also discuss results of eleven other preliminary national inventories that have been published elsewhere with the assistance of other programs. Results are discussed in the context of national and regional socioeconomic characteristics, and the regional and global syntheses compare national inventory estimates to other published estimates that are based largely on international databases. Papers also discuss inventory development issues, such as data collection and emission factor determination, and problems associated with applying the IPCC inventory methodologies. The preliminary inventory results reported here represent significant progress towards meeting country commitments under the Framework Convention, and provide useful information for refining international greenhouse gas emission databases and improving inventory methodologies. As the first book to compile national greenhouse gas emission estimates prepared by national experts in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, this will be an invaluable resource to scientists, policymakers, and development specialists in national, regional and global anthropogenic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.